 Disaster – inherently unexpected and happening that comes

quickly without any warning. It is a product of the massive

damages to life and property caused by a hazard due to the
vulnerability within the community.

Example:
 A super typhoon with storm surge affecting Leyte
 An avalanche in a ski resort
 A tsunami wave 5m high off the coast of Japan
 An earthquake in Kashmir, Northern Pakistan
 A landslide in a favela (slum area0 in Rio de Janiero)

Classification of Disasters:

A. Natural Disasters
o a natural phenomenon is caused by natural forces, such as
earthquakes, typhoon, volcanic eruptions, hurricanes, fires,
tornados, and extreme temperatures.
Example: Storm Surge, Flooded Coastal Areas

B. Man-made
o Disasters caused by man are those in which major direct
causes are identifiable intentional or non-intentional human
actions.
Example: Landslide on Mining Sites, Oil Spill from Shipping Boats

Subdivided into three categories:

1. Technological/industrial disasters
 leaks of hazardous materials; accidental explosions; bridge or road
collapses, or vehicle collisions; Power cuts
2. Terrorism/Violence
 bombs or explosions; release of chemical materials; release of
biological agents; release of radioactive agents; multiple or massive
shootings; mutinies (group of individuals or military units rebel
against the authorities)
3. Complex Humanitarian emergencies/Social Disasters
  conflicts or wars and Genocide the deliberate killing of a large
group of people, especially those of a particular ethnic group or
nation

The following show effects of DISASTER:

1. Displacement of population
2. Damage to the ecological environment
3. Destruction of population’s homeland

 Hazard – situation or condition that has the potential to cause

harm, damages, or danger to people, property, or environment.
It is a source of danger and something that may cause
injury or harm.

Example:
 A typhoon passing over a remote unpopulated area
 A flood in a rural area which floods the roads but does not
affect any houses
 A volcano erupting in isolation in the middle of the Pacific
Ocean
 An avalanche high on the mountain and slopes remote from
any settlement
 A drought in Australia’s outback (vast remote, arid interior
of Australia)

DIFFERENCE OF DISASTER AND HAZARD

 Hazard is the potential event that can happen while
Disaster is the actual event that can cause harm.
 Hazard don’t necessarily result in harm or damage while
Disaster involves the actual occurrence often resulting in
the need for emergency response.
 Hazard can be prevented from turning into disaster while
Disaster is the outcome of hazard
 Phenomenon – observable event, occurrence that is often
considered as remarkable, unusual, or interesting due to its
distinct characteristics or behavior. (ex. Aurora borealis)
 Risk – the likelihood or probability of a hazardous event
occurring and the potential consequences or impacts associated
with that event.
 Disaster Risk – the potential disaster losses in lives, health
statuses, livelihoods, assets, and services, which could occur in a
particular community or society over specified future time
period.
 can also be determined by the presence of three variables:
 hazards (natural or man-made)
 vulnerability to a hazard
 Coping capacity

 Phases of Disaster – useful to establish priorities and response

activities and systematize previous experience.
 Effects of Disaster – consequences or impacts of disasters.
 Categories of Disaster – help classify disasters for the
purpose of preparedness, response, and management.
 Risk Assessment – involves the identification and mapping of
the elements at risk and the assessment of people, animals and
plants that may be affected.
 Exposure – refers to the presence of people, assets or
elements at risk in an area that susceptible to a particular
hazard.
 Vulnerability – is the degree to which elements at risk are likely
to get harm, damage or adverse impact of hazard.
 Disaster Mitigation – efforts and strategies aimed at reducing
or preventing the impact of disaster.
 Disaster Prevention – focused on avoiding or stopping the
occurrence of disaster or hazard.
 Pacific Ring of Fire
 Also called as the Circum-Pacific belt, the zone of
earthquakes surrounding the Pacific Ocean where about
99% of world earthquake occurs.
 A path along the Pacific Ocean characterized by active
volcanoes and frequent earthquakes.
CONTRIES LOCATED NEAR THE PACIFIC RING OF FIRE:
 Chile
 Peru
 Taiwan
 Guatemala
 Mexico
 United States of America
 Canada
 Russia
 Japan
 Philippines
 Papua New Guinea
 Indonesia
 New Zealand
 Antarctica

 Locust
 It is a type of insect that can be extremely destructive to
crops and vegetation, posing a significant threat to
agriculture and security affected regions.
 Drought
 It is a water shortage that causes adverse effect on the
ecosystem, agriculture and human.
 Cracking of crop soil because of heat
 Subsidence
 Is when the ground or land sinks down or lower because of
human activities like digging or taking water from
underground.

 Tsunami
 A sea waves of local or distant origin that results from
large-scale seafloor displacements associated with large
earthquakes, major submarine slides, or exploring volcanic
hazards.
 Bermuda Triangle
 also known as the Devil's Triangle, is an urban legend
focused on a loosely defined region in the western part of
the North Atlantic Ocean where a number of aircraft and
ships are said to have disappeared under mysterious
circumstances.
 PAGASA
 Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical Astronomical Services
Administration
 National meteorological and hydrological agency of the
Philippines.
 PHILVOCS
 Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology
 Monitor and studies volcanic and seismic activity in the
Philippines
 Lithosphere
 Encompasses both the Earth’s crust and the uppermost part
of the mantle.

4 LARGEST OCEAN
1. PACIFIC OCEAN
2. ATLANTIC OCEAN
3. INDIAN OCEAN
4. ARTIC OCEAN
 4 TYPES OF NATURAL HAZARDS
HYDROLOGICAL
The principal hydrological hazards of concern to environmental
hazard managers are floods, storm surges, and erosion.

METEOROLOGICAL
Atmospheric hazard: tropical cyclone, tornado, hail, snow, lightning
and thunderstorm, long-term climatic change, and short-term
climatic change.

GEOLOGIC
natural disasters caused by a geological process are called
geological disasters; these are earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic
eruptions, avalanche, and landslides.

BIOLOGICAL
Biological disasters are natural scenarios involving disease,
disability or death on a large scale among humans, animals and plants
due to micro-organisms like bacteria, or virus or toxins.
Certain factors are related to a survivor’s background and recovery
is hampered if survivors:

 were not functioning well before the disaster;

 have no experience dealing with disasters;
 must deal with other stressors after the disaster;
 have low self-esteem;
 feel uncared for by others;
 think they exercise little control over what happens to
them;
 and unable to manage stress.

More factors contributory to worse outcomes:

 death of someone close;

 injury to self or family member;
 life threat;
 panic, horror, or similar feelings;
 separation from family;
 massive loss of property;
 and displacement.