RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT

Que. Which type of soil develops due to high temperature and evaporation?

a. Arid Soil

b. Forest Soil

C. Black Soil

d. Red Soil

Que. Ploughing along the contour lines to decelerate the flow of water down the slonos is called:

a. Strip cropping

b. Sheet erosion

C. Contour ploughing

d. Terrace cultivation

Que. Which of the following is the root cause for resource depletion at global level, according to Gandhiji?

a. Conservation of resources

b.Use of resources

c. Greedy and selfish individuals and exploitative nature of modern technolog

d. Backward technology.

Que. From which Five Year Plan has India made concerted efforts for achieving the goals of resource planning?

a. First Five Year Plan

b. Fifth Five Year Plan

C. Annual Plans

d. Tenth Five Year Plan

Que. Which one of the following statements refers to the sustainable development?

a. Overall development of various resources.

b. Development should take place without damaging the environment.

C. Economic development of people.

d. Development without damaging the environment and considering the required of future generation.

Que. Indiscriminate exploitation of resources has led to global ecological crises. Which of the following is NOT associated to
this statement.

a. Global warming
b. Ozone layer maintenance

C. Environmental pollution

d. Land degradation

Indiscriminate exploitation of resources has led to global ecological crises. Which of the following is NOT associated to this
statement.

a. Global warming

b. Ozone layer maintenance

C. Environmental pollution

d. Land degradation

Mention three problems that are associated with the indiscriminate use

of resources?

The following three problems are the result of indiscriminate use of resources:

1)Depletion of resources for satisfying the greed of few individuals.

2)Accumulation of resources in few hands, which in turn has divided the society into two segments-rich and poor.

3)Indiscriminate exploitation of resources has led to global ecological crises such as global warming, ozone layer depletion,
environmental pollution and land degradation.

Discuss the purpose of Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit and what was its outcome?

1)The first United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) was held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1992
to formulate an Agenda to promote sustainable development.

2)This convention endorsed the Global Forest Principles and adopted 'Agenda 21' for achieving sustainable development in
the 21st century.

3)The objectives of Agenda 21 are the elimination of poverty, hunger, sickness and illiteracy worldwide while halting the
deterioration of sustain life.

Resource planning is a complex process" Justify the statement with arguments.

1) Identification and inventory of resources across the regions of the country, which involve surveying, mapping and
measuring the quality as well as quantity of the resources.

2) Evolving a proper planning structure for the development of the resources by using appropriate skill, technology and
institutional set up.

3) Matching of resource development plans with overall national development plans.

What are the main advantages of India's land under a variety of relief features?

India has land under a variety of relief features. In India. 30 per cent area are mountainous, 27 per cent are plateaus and 43
per cent are plains, all of these have specific advantages to be utilized.

Mountains are source to many streams and rivers, some of them are perennial.
Plateaus are mostly laden (heavily loaded) with minerals, fossil fuels and forest, etc so are economically very useful.

Plains are the most important land resource for human beings. These are fertile and most of the food crops are grown here.

Distinguish between Khadar and Bangar soil.

Khadar Soils

1. It is new alluvial soil.

2. Lower concentration of kankar nodules and has more fine particle.

3. It is more fertile.

Bangar Soils

1. It is an old alluvial soil.

2. Higher concentration of Kanker nodules than the khadar.

3. It is less fertile.

Describe any three main characteristics of arid soil of India.

Arid soils are the soils of desert or semi-desert regions and colors varies from red to brown.

The soil has sandy texture and salinity. As precipitation is very low, the temperature is high and evaporation is faster,
therefore, the soil is deficient in moisture and humus.

The calcium content increase downward and forms kankar layers in arid soil. This layer restricts the infiltration of water.

What steps can be taken to control soil erosion in the hilly areas?

Following steps should be taken to control soil erosion in the hilly areas

Afforestation - This is done by planting trees.

Terrace farming and contour ploughing this is done across the hill slopes.

Restricted grazing of animals and they should be moved over different pastures so as to avoid erosion of soil.

Any other relevant point.