Artikl

•
INGILIS DILININ QRAMMATIKASI

Azarbaycan dilindan farqli olaraq,

ingilis dilinda artikl adh qrammatik
forma movcuddur. Artikl asasan ismin
alamatidir. Artikhn i ki novU vard1r:
1. Qeyri-mUayyanlik artikh ➔ a/an
"a/an" yaln1z takda clan say1la bilan va
sifatla tayin edilan mUcarrad isimlarla
i§ladilir. Dilimizda asasan "bir/har
hans1 bir" manalar1nda farz edila
1

bilar:
a + samit ➔ a book, a pen va s.
an + sait ➔ an apple, an egg va s.
2. Muayyanlik artikll ➔ the
"the" say1la bilan, say1la bilmayan,
tak, cam, xUsusi isimlarla i§ladila bilir.
Dilimizda daha <rox "o" i§ara avazliyi
kimi farz edila biliar.

Nasa haqq1nda ilk data dan1§d1qda a/

an i§ladilir. ilk malumatdan sonra,
hamin isim haqq1nda clan digar
cumlalarda the i§ladilir:
My father bought a magazine and a
newspaper yesterday. The
magazine was very interesting,
but the newspaper was boring.
My father bought a magazine and a
newspaper yesterday. ➔ Jurnal va
qazet haqq1nda ilk dafa malumat
verilir
The magazine was very interesting,
but the newspaper was boring. ➔
Art1q biza malumdur ki, sohbat dunan
ahnm1§ jurnal va qazetdan gedir.

Fikirimizda tutdugumuz a§ya

muayyandirsa the artikh, qeyri-
muayyandirsa a/an artikh i§ladirik:
It is very hot. Can you open a
window ➔ Sohbat otaqdak, har-hans1
bir pancaradan gedir. ➔ pancara
malum deyil
It is very hot. Can you open the
window nearest the door ➔ Sohbat
yaln1z qap1n1n yan1ndak1 pancaradan
gedir. ➔ pancara malumdur
A§ag1dak1 hallarda a/an artikh i§ladilir:

Sanat, pe§a va ixtisas haqq1nda

malumat verdikda: • I am a
teacher. • My brother is a doctor.

$axs va ya a§yanI tasvir

etdikda: • The sun is a star. • Tim
is a seventeen years old boy. • She
is a very beautiful girl.

Ol~U, mablag, ~aki, masafa, vaxt1

tayin etdikda: once a month, 5
manats a kilo, 90 kms an hour, five
days in a week ...

Hundred/thousand/million/
billion saylar1n1n qar§1s1nda i§ladila
bilar: a hundred, a thousand va s.

"To have" feli digar manalarda

i§lanarak yaratd191 birla§malarda: to
have a rest, to have a bath, to
have talk ...
istisna: "to have+breakfast/lunch/
dinner/supper"birla§malari bu
qaydaya tabe deyil: • I am having
dinner now. • I am having a dinner
now
•
lstisna: "to have+breakfast/lunch/
dinner/supr" birla§malari bu qaydaya
tabe deyil: • I am having dinner now.
• I am ha1ving a dinner now

A§ag1dak1 hallarda the artikh i~ladilir:

Dunyada1tak olmas1 ila farqlanan

isimlarin qar§1s1nda:
the Sun, the Moon, the capital, the
earth, the nature, the universe, the
cosmos, the world, the atmosphere,
the sky, the horizon, the equator...
•
lstisna-1: agar bela isimlarin
qar§1s1nda tayinedici soz olarsa, o
zaman a/an artikhn1n i§ladilmasi da
mumkundur: • A bright sun rises
above the sea.
istisna- 2.: the Sun/the Moon/tlhe
Earth istisna olmaqla digar planetlar
artikls1z i~ladilir.

Vaziyyatdan as1h olaraq malum

isimlarin qar~1s1nda the artikh i~ladilir.
Masalan, agar biz har hans1 bir otag1
sozla tasvir etsak the
floor (do~ama), the
ceiling (tavan), the light (i~1q), the
door (qap1) va s. kimi sozlarin
qar~1s1nda the artikh i~lanacakdir,
~Unki har bir otaqda yaln1z bir tavan
va ya do~ama vard1r: • It was a new
house. The roof was red, the
door was brown.

Radio/ difference/ following/ whole/

same sozlarinin qar~1s1nda
hami~a the artikh
i§ladilir:
• I have read the whole book. I do
not like to listen to the radio.
Diqqat et:Radio sozUnUn
qar~1s1nda the artikhn1n i~ladilmasina
baxmayaraq television sozUnun
qar~1s1nda the artikh i~ladilmir: I
 -
watch television everyday. I watch the
television everyday.
Diqqat et:Radio sozUnUn
qar§1s1nda the artikhn1n i§ladil masina
baxmayaraq television sozUnOn
qar§IStnda the artikh i§ladilmir: I
watch television everyday. I watch the
television everyday.

S1ra saylar1n1n qar§1s1nda the artikh

i~ladilir: the first, the second ...
Qeyd: "at+ s1ra say1"
kombinasiyastnda the artikh
i~ladilmir: • At first I did not like her,
but in the end we became good
friends. (ilkin olaraq man onu
xo~lam1rd1m, amma sonda biz dost
olduq.)
in + the + morning/afternoon/
evening • Where do you go in the
evening? (San ax~amlar hara
gedirsan?)
MUayyan sosial qrupu va ya sinifi
itada_e..danJsi mJari.n_oarstsmd.a :_the
agar onlar Past Participle (Ke~mi~
zaman feli-sifati) formas1 ila tayin
edilarsa: • The phoned Fuad is my
friend. (Zang edan Fuad manim
dostumdur.)

agar onlar,n qar~1s1nda pe~a, sanat

manalar1n1 ifada edan soz
i~ladilarsa: • the engineer Aliev -
Muhandis aliyev

Cam hahnda olan ad va soyadlar,n

qar~1s1nda qar~1s1nda the artikh
i~ladilir: the Adams/ the
Asgarzadehs ..

Mehmanxana/restoran/teatr/kinoteatr/
muzey/qalareya/qazet/ta~ki lat va
digar bina adlar1n1n qar~1s1nda the
artikh i~ladilir:
The Hilton Hotel The
Anadolu Restaurant
 the south - canub

the west - qarb

the east - ~arq

the north-east/ the south-west ...

•
lstisna-1: northen/ southen/western/
• eastern sozlari istisnahq ta~kil
edir: Southern The Southen
north-eastern the north-eastern
istisna-2: agar cografi cahatlar yer,
makan bildirarsa va qita, olka, arazi
ila tayin edilarsa the artikh
i~ladilmir: North Asia The North
Asia He came from East. He
came from the East.
A~ag1dak1 hallarda cografi adlarIn
qar~1s1nda the artikh i~ladilir:

Qutb adlar1n1n qar~1s1nda: the North

Pole - $imal Qutbu; the South Pole -
Canub Qutbu; the Arctic -Arktika
•
Cografi region adlar1n1n qar~1s1nda:
the Far East - Uzaq ~arq; the Near
East - Yax1n ~arq

Okean, daniz, kanal, kanal, gel, <tay

adlar1n1n qar~1s1nda: the Atlantic
Ocean, the Pacific Ocean, the North
Sea, the Baltic Sea, the Strait of
Magellan, the Bosporus, the Panama
Canal, the Suez Canal, the
Mississippi, the Thames, the Neva,
the Baikal, the Ontario ...

Ada qruplar1n1n qar~1s1nda: the

British Isles, the Azores ...

Dag silsilalarinin qar~1s1nda: the Alps,

the Rockies, the Andes ..

Sahra adlar1n1n qar~1s1nda: the

Karakum, the Sahara...
Ayr1-ayr1l1qda ada adlar1
qar~1sInda: Great Britain, Cuba,
Sicily... the Great Britain, the Cuba,
the Sicily...
Ayr1-ayr1l1qda dag va zirva adlar1
qar~1s1nda: Elbrus, Kilimanjaro ...
the Elbrus, the Kilimanjaro...
Qita adlar1 qar~1s1nda: Europe, Asia,
North/South America, South Africa,
South-East Asia ... the Europe, the
Asia,
.. the North/South America ..
Olka adlar1 qar~1s1nda: France, China,
Russia, England ...the France, the
China, the Russia, the England ...
•
lstisna-1: the Ukraine/the Argentine/
the Congo/the Sudan/the Yaman/the
Netherlands kimi dovlatlarin adlar1
istisnahq ta~kil edir.
 ~

istisna- 2: Qita, dovlat, ada adlar,

republic/ king.darn/ state/ continent/
island va s. sozlarla i~landikda onlar,n
qar~1s1nda the artiklt i.§ladilir: The
Azerbaijan Repu'blic/ The United
Kingdom etc.
Vilayat, ~tat, ~ahar, qasaba, kand
adlar, qar~1s1nda the artikh
i~ladilmir: Quebec., Texas, California,
Paris, Washington, Moscow, London,
Oxford ...
Qeyd:Cam haltnda olan cografi/yer
adlar1n1n qar~1s1nda the i~ladilir: the
Taylors/ the Netherlands/ the
Bahams/ the Alps va s.
The + nationality Bazi xalq adlar1n1n
qar~1s1nda the artikhntn i~ladilmasi
onlar,n cam formas1n1 duzaldir:
1- ch/sh ila qurtaran xalqlar- The
i=rench- frans,zlar/a Frenchman-
frans.12 (ki~i)/ a Frenchwoman·- fransaz
(qad,n)/ the English/an Englishman va
s.
2- ese ila qurtaran xalqlar- The
Chinese- Qinlilar/ a chinese- <tinli/