Examination number……………………… NACTE Registration Number……………….

…………

THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA

MINISTRY OF HEALTH, COMMUNITY DEVOLOPMENT, GENDER, ELDERLY
AND CHILDREN.
MTWARA COLLEGE OF HEALTH AND ALLIED SCIENCES
DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES

TECHNICIAN CERTIFICATE IN PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES

PST 05210: BASIC PHARMACOGNOSY
CONTINOUS ASSESMENT TEST II SEMESTER 2
NTA LEVEL 5
TIME: 2 Hours DATE: July 2020
Instructions

(a) This examination consists of Five (5) sections A, B, C, D and E.

(b) Candidates will be required to answer ALL questions in ALL sections.
(c) Cellular phones are STRICTLY PROHIBITED in the examination room. Failure to
observe this regulation may lead to strict measures to be taken against you including
DISQUALIFICATION from studies.
(d) Write your examination number on every page of your answer booklet.
(e) Marks allocation are shown hereunder:

MARKS MARKS EXAMINER’S VERIFIER’S

SECTION SIGNATURE SIGNATURE
ALLOCATED (%) SCORED
SECTION A:
MULTIPLE CHOICE 10
QUESTIONS
SECTION B:
MUTLIPLE TRUE/ 20
FALSE QUESTIONS
SECTION C:
MATCHING ITEM 10
QUESTIONS
SECTION D:
SHORT ANSWERS 40
SECTIONE: GUIDED
ESSAYS 20

TOTAL 100

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SECTION A: MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 10 MARKS

Answer ALL questions in this section.
Choose the most correct answer in the following questions and circle its corresponding
letter.

1. Are concentrated, odoriferous liquids that entirely or almost entirely volatile in steam
A. Gums
B. Essential oils
C. Mucilage
D. Glycosides
E. Vitamins

2. Are natural mixtures of esters derived from higher monohydric alcohols

A. Esters
B. Lard
C. Proteins
D. Waxes
E. Wool fat

3. Arachis oil is an example of fixed oil derived from

A. Coconut
B. Palm
C. Peanut
D. Cashew nut
E. Almonds

4. The type of waxy submstance obtained from the head of the sperm whale, Physeter
macrocephalus and the bottle-nosed whale, Hyperoodon rostratus.
A. Spermaceti
B. White wax
C. Yellow wax
D. Carnauba wax
E. Bees wax

5. The following is one of the functions of stem in plants

A. Absorption of water and minerals
B. Exlusively for carring out photosynthesis
C. Transipiration of excess water in plant
D. Storage of food and and other ergastic substances
E. Facilitates movement of water, minerals, and food in the plant

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6. An external structure of the stem that can be used as a vegetative part.

A. Root hair
B. Buds
C. Epidermis
A. Nodes
B. Leave scar

7. One of the following statements below is correct

A. The castor oil contains ricinoleic acid 91%, glycerides and must have ricin
B. Bitter almond oil also contains amygdalin which decomposes to benzaldehyde and
HCN
C. Cod liver oil has high levels of the omega-3 FAs and very high levels of vitamins A,
B, and vit D
D. If FAs are separated (hydrolysis) the presence of arachidonic acid gives a melting
point below 71oC
E. Camphor oil is the fixed oil obtained by expression or extraction from the seeds of
Cocos nucifera (Palmae)

8. Method used for dry plant materials not destroyed by boiling for instance turpentine oil
A. Steam distillation
B. Water (simple) distillation
C. Hydrodifusion
D. Simple steam distillation
E. Double distillation

9. Essential oil obtained by steam distillation of the fresh aerial parts (dried leaves and
flowering tops) of the flowering plant of Mentha piperita (Labiatae)
A. Clove oil
B. Rosemary oil
C. Peppermint oil
D. Turpentine oil
E. Mentha piperita oil

10. Based on the fixed oils and fats

A. Wool fat is a hydrous lanolin that contains not more than 0.25% water
B. Waxes may be saponified by means of either aqueous or alcoholic alkali but fats and
oils are only saponified by alcoholic alkali
C. Carnauba wax consist of alkyl esters of wax acids mainly myricyl cerotate
D. All of the above
E. None of the above

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SECTION B: MULTIPLE TRUE/FALSE QUESTIONS 20 MARKS

Write TRUE or FALSE on each statement basing on its heading.
1. It is true of the following
A. Clove is used as an analgesic and antiseptic in oral health and entistry _______
B. Clove oil is obtained from dried stalks of Syzygium aromaticum _______
C. The major component of most citrus odor is (+)-limonene which can
be up to 97% of the oil _______
D. Anise Oil is distilled from the dried ripe fruits of Pimpenella anisum _______
E. Both lanolin and wool fat are rich in cholesterol, isocholesterol and
saturated monohydric alcohols _______

2. It is incorrect of the following regarding essential oils

A. Dill oil can stimulate milk flow in nursing mothers and promotes
healing of wounds _______
B. Peppermint Oil is obtained from dried leaves and flowering tops of
Mentha piperata (Labiatae) _______
C. Dill oil is often made of the fresh herb and given to babies and
children for colic, or other digestive disorders _______
D. Hydrocarbons are substances composed of 2-methylbutadiene units
such as - Pinene _______
E. They are sensitive to air (resinify on exposure to air) _______

3. Regarding volatile oils

A. Enfleurage method is applied in extraction of essential oils from
flowers used in perfumery, where the original fragrance has to be
retained _______
B. All essential oils are terpenoids _______
C. Oils showing antispasmodic activity and much used in popular
medicine includes those of Mentha piperita, Matricaria chamomilla _______
D. Volatile oils are frequently associated with other substances like gums
and resins _______
E. All of them have anthelminthic activity _______

4. The following are true

A. Fixed oils can be formed through decomposition of the resinogenous
layer of the cells wall _______
B. The FAs in TAGs of most animal products contain the maximum
possible amount of hydrogen atoms, then they are unsaturated fats _______
C. Oil obtained by heat expression is known as a virgin oil _______

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D.Castor oil is used pharmaceutically as cathartic _______

E.Rosemary oil is used topically for preventing and treating baldness,
eczema and promotion of wound healing _______
5. The following are incorrect
A. Olive oil is the product derived from ripe fruits of Oleo americana
(Oleaceae) _______
B. Arachis oil is only composed of Oleic acid ~ 24% and Linoleic acid
6% _______
C. Coconut oil when well purified from free FAs becomes odorless and
tasteless _______
D. Almond oil is highly unsaturated _______
E. Resins may be associated with volatile oils or gum or may be found in
irregular masses _______

6. The following are correct

A. All fatty acids are saturated _______
B. Fatty acids are the main component of soap, where their tails are
soluble in water and their heads are soluble in oily dirt to emulsify and
wash away the oily dirt _______
C. Naturally-occurring saturated vegetable oils have almost all cis bonds. _______
D. Most vegetable oils are liquid at ordinary temperatures _______
E. Linseed oil Used in lowering blood cholesterol levels (due to presence
of ALA), control blood pressure _______

7. Basing on the fixed oils and fats

A. Wool fat is a hydrous lanolin that contains not more than 0.25% water _______

B. Waxes may be saponified by means of either aqueous or alcoholic

alkali but fats and oils are only saponified by alcoholic alkali _______
C. Carnauba wax consist of alkyl esters of wax acids mainly myricyl
cerotate _______
D. Arachis oil is derived from seeds of Arachis hypogaea _______
E. High quality cod liver oil is a pale-yellow, thin, oily liquid, with a
slightly fishy and bland taste _______

8. It is true of the following regarding the essential oils

A. Oils with a high phenolic content, e.g. clove and thyme have antiseptic
properties, whereas others are used as carminatives _______
B. In distillation gain of more volatile compounds can occur in case of
ineffective condensation _______
C. They readily evaporate under atmospheric pressure at room
temperature _______

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D. Chloroform is among the solvents used in the extraction process _______

E. Are mixtures of hydrocarbons and oxygenated compounds derived
from these hydrocarbons _______

SECTION C: MATCHING ITEM QUESTIONS 10 MARKS

1. Match the following in Column A with their corresponding meaning in Column B by
writing the letter of the item from column B in the space provided.
2. Each correct response weighs 1 mark.

PART A:

S/N COLUMN A ANSWER COLUMN B

i. Fatty acids with double bond in the n-3 A. Lanolin
position
ii. Ripe fruits of Oleo europoea B. Castor oil
iii. The purified fatlike substance from the C. Olive oil
wool of the Ovis aries
iv. For treatment of pain and stiffness of joint D. ω-3 Fatty acids
in arthritis
v. Obtained from seeds of Ricinus communis E. Cod liver oil
F. Waxes
G. Straight chain saturated
fatty acids
H. Complex lipids

PART B:

S/N COLUMN A ANSWER COLUMN B

i. Applied to lemon, orange and bergamot A. dietheyl ether
oils
ii. Commonly used solvents in extraction B. Turpentine Oil
iii. Hydrocarbon essential oil C. Sponge method
iv. Syzygium aromaticum D. Rosemary Oil
v. It is a memory enhancer E. Distillation
F. Ketone
G. Clove Oil
H. Petroleum

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SECTION D: SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS 40 MARKS

 Fill in the blanks in the space(s) provided.

 Each question weighs as indicated.

1. What are the drawbacks of using distillation in volatile oil extraction? (4 Marks)
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................

2. Fill in the blanks (6 Marks)

Use the following options; antiseptic, solid vegetable oil, demulcent, glycoside,
carminative, counterirritant, liquid animal fat, ergastic substance, stimulant,
alkaloid, fixed fat, antipruritic.

A. Camphor found its enormous use in the treatment and cure of many ailments, for
instance: internally as a ___________ and _______________; externally as an
_____________, _____________ and ______________.
B. Cocoa butter is a __________________while Cod liver oil is a ______________
C. Belladonna leaves contain the maximum ___________ content just before flowering

3. Volatile can be classified on the basis of their functional groups and also can be classified
based on extraction method. List atleast four extraction methods (4 marks)
i. ....................................................................................................................................
ii. ....................................................................................................................................
iii. ....................................................................................................................................
iv. ....................................................................................................................................

4. (a) List down two (2) principle quinoline alkaloids found in Cinchona. (2 marks)
i. ....................................................................................................................................
ii. ....................................................................................................................................

(b) Mention three (3) uses of Cinchona. (3 marks)

i. ....................................................................................................................................
ii. ....................................................................................................................................
iii. ....................................................................................................................................

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5. (a)Define venation

................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................

(b) Elaborate types of venation

................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................

6. (A) Define plant root. (2 marks)

................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................

(B) Mention three (3) major types of roots. (3 marks)

i. ....................................................................................................................................
ii. ....................................................................................................................................
iii. ....................................................................................................................................

7. Enumerate any four (4) uses of volatile oils. (4 Marks)

i. ....................................................................................................................................
ii. ....................................................................................................................................
iii. ....................................................................................................................................
iv. ....................................................................................................................................

8. Mention any seven (7) clasess of volatile oil based on their functional groups (7 marks)
i. ....................................................................................................................................
ii. ....................................................................................................................................
iii. ....................................................................................................................................
iv. ....................................................................................................................................
v. ....................................................................................................................................
vi. ....................................................................................................................................
vii. ....................................................................................................................................
9.

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SECTION E: ESSAY QUESTIONS 20 MARKS

 Answer all questions.

 Each question weighs 10 marks.

1. Plant materials can be technically isolated in different ways. Generally explain any four (4)
methods of extraction of volatile oils.

2. In our daily lives oils are vital to human health as they are not made by the human body and can
be widely employed in medicine. Precisely discuss any five (5) application of fixed oils and fats.

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Essay Question No.: ……..

Essay Question No.: ……..

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Essay Question No.: ……..

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Essay Question No.: ……..

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