Standard

Fastener Guide
 Standard US Machine Screw Sizes

#12 - 24
#4 - 40

#6 - 32
1/4” - 20

#8 - 32

5/16” - 18

#10 - 32

3/8” - 16
#10 - 24

Length
Length is measured from where the surface is assumed to be, to the
end of the screw. Therefore, pan head screws are measured from
under the head, and flat head screws are measured overall.

IMPORTANT: Make sure to print this chart to Actual Size (no scaling).
After printing, measure the scale check below to ensure correct scale.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 inches
 Sheet Metal Screw Sizes
Pan Oval

Flat
#4 Truss

#6

#8

#10

#12

#14

Fastener length is measured from where

Length the material surface is assumed to be, to Length
the end of the fastener.

IMPORTANT: Make sure to print this chart to Actual Size (no scaling).
After printing, measure the scale check below to ensure correct scale.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 inches
 Shoulder Bolt Size Chart

1/8"
#4-40 Thread

1/2"
3/16"
#8-32 Thread 3/8"-16 Thread

1/4"
#10-24 Thread 5/8"

1/2"-13 Thread
5/16"
1/4"-20 Thread

3/4"

3/8"
5/8"-11 Thread
5/16"-18 Thread

Length

Shoulder bolt size is determined by the diam- 1"

eter and length of the shoulder.
NOTE: The smaller threaded section is the same length
and diameter for all shoulder bolts with the same
3/4"-10 Thread
shoulder diameter.

IMPORTANT: Make sure to print this chart to Actual Size (no scaling).
After printing, measure the scale check below to ensure correct scale.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 inches
 Socket Button Head Size Chart

#2-56
#12-24
3/8"-16

#4-40 3/8"-24
1/4"-20

1/4"-28
#6-32

1/2"-13
#8-32
5/16"-18

5/16"-24
#10-24 1/2"-20

Length

Fastener length is measured from where

#10-32 the material surface is assumed to be, to
the end of the fastener.

IMPORTANT: Make sure to print this chart to Actual Size (no scaling).
After printing, measure the scale check below to ensure correct scale.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 inches
 Socket Cap Size Chart

#2-56
1/4"-20
7/16"-14

#4-40 1/4"-28

7/16"-20

#6-32
5/16"-18

1/2"-13
#8-32 5/16"-24

1/2"-20
#10-24
3/8"-16

#10-32

9/16"-12
3/8"-24

Length
#12-24
Fastener length is measured from where
the material surface is assumed to be, to
the end of the fastener. 9/16"-18

IMPORTANT: Make sure to print this chart to Actual Size (no scaling).
After printing, measure the scale check below to ensure correct scale.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 inches
 Socket Flat Head Size Chart

1/4"-20 7/16"-14

#2-56

1/4"-28
#4-40 7/16"-20

#6-32 5/16"-18
1/2"-13

#8-32 5/16"-24

1/2"-20

#10-24
3/8"-16

#10-32
5/8"-11
3/8"-24

Length

#12-24 Fastener length is measured from where

the material surface is assumed to be, to 5/8"-18
the end of the fastener.

IMPORTANT: Make sure to print this chart to Actual Size (no scaling).
After printing, measure the scale check below to ensure correct scale.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 inches
 US Nut Size Chart

1/4"

5/16"
#12

3/8"
#10

7/16" #8

#6

1/2" #4

5/8"

3/4"

Hex Jam Nylock Jam nylock

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0 1 2 3 4 5 6 inches
 SAE Flat Washer Size Chart

#2

#4

5/8"
#6 3/4"

#8

9/16"

#10

7/8"
1/2"
#12

1/4" 7/16"

5/16" 3/8" 1"

IMPORTANT: Make sure to print this chart to Actual Size (no scaling).
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0 1 2 3 4 5 6 inches
 USS Flat Washer Size Chart

#10

3/4"

1/4" 7/8"

5/16" 5/8"

1"
3/8"
9/16" Large USS Washer Sizes
Diameter
Size Inside Outside
1-1/8" 1-1/4" 2-3/4"
1-1/4" 1-3/8" 3"
1-3/8" 1-1/2" 3-1/4"
1-1/2" 1-5/8" 3-1/2"
1-5/8" 1-3/4" 3-3/4"
7/16" 1-3/4" 1-7/8" 4"
1/2" 2" 2-1/8" 4-1/2"

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After printing, measure the scale check below to ensure correct scale.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 inches
 Screw Eye Sizes
.365” wire

4
000

.225” wire
.331” wire

104

00
204
.307” wire

6
0
.192” wire
.264” wire

106

2
206

IMPORTANT: Make sure to print this chart to Actual Size (no scaling).
After printing, measure the scale check below to ensure correct scale.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 inches
 .135” wire .148” wire .160” wire

10
208
108
8-1/2

208-1/2
.092” wire .105” wire .120” wire .135” wire (continued)

12
211

112

212
210
110

213-1/2
212-1/2
210-1/2

.056” wire .062” wire .072” wire .080” wire

14

216
214
114

217-1/2
216-1/2
215-1/2
214-1/2
 Fastener Basics
Common Fastener Types
Fastener Materials
Hex bolts, or hex cap screws, are used in machin-
ery and construction. Can be used with a nut, or Zinc-plated steel is a
in a tapped hole. Fully threaded hex bolts are low carbon steel for
also known as tap bolts. general use. Relatively
inexpensive, with the
Wood screws have large threads and a smooth zinc plating providing
shank for pulling two pieces of material moderate corrosion
together. They can be used in wood and other resistance suitable for
soft materials. indoors or otherwise dry
Sheet metal screws have sharp points and conditions. Color is
threads, and are designed to be driven directly either a blue-ish tint or yellow depending on the
into sheet metal. They can also be used in softer exact process.
materials like plastic, fiberglass, or wood. Hot-dipped galvanized
steel has a thicker zinc
Machine screws are fully treaded for use with a
coating for better
nut or in a tapped hole. Certain types are
corrosion resistance,
sometimes referred to as stove bolts.
making it suitable for
Socket screws are machine screws with an outdoor use. Because of the thick plating, only
internal hex socket (Allen) drive. Longer lengths galvanized nuts and washers will fit galvanized
may have a smooth shank. bolts. The coating typically has a rough, dull grey
finish.
Lag bolts, or lag screws, are large wood screws
with hex heads. Typically used for wood Stainless steel offers
construction and landscaping. good corrosion
resistance, making it
Carriage bolts have smooth, domed heads with suitable for outdoor and
a square section underneath that pulls into the marine applications, but
material to prevent spinning during installation. is more expensive than zinc plated.

Nuts are used to fasten machine threaded Chrome and nickel

fasteners in through-hole applications. Lock nuts plated steel are smooth
help prevent loosening. and polished for
appearance. The plating
Washers spread the load over a greater surface offers moderate corro-
area when tightening a bolt, screw or nut. Lock sion resistance.
washers help preventing loosening. Brass and bronze are
copper alloys with good
corrosion resistance.
Grade / Class and Fastener Strength More expensive than
Fastener Grade (US) or Class (metric) refers to the mechanical properties steel, these materials are
of the fastener material. Generally, a higher number indicates a stronger, typically used for
more hardened (but also more brittle) fastener. decorative applications.
Colors can vary signifi-
US bolt head markings Metric bolt head markings cantly.

Alloy steel is highly

hardened and usually
8.8 10.9 12.9
black oxide and/or oil
Grade 2 Grade 5 Grade 8 Class 8.8 Class 10.9 Class 12.9 coated, offering little
Note: In addition to these markings, the head will often have a manufacturer stamp. corrosion resistance.
Note: Do not rely on this guide for color-matching. The appearance of
Page 1 these materials sometimes differs significantly from the photos.
How Fasteners are Notated: An Example

Machine screws, Phillips pan head, Stainless steel 18-8, #12-24 x 1"

Fastener type Material Diameter Length

Thread Count (TPI)

Drive Types Head Styles Measuring Diameter

Phillips and Slotted Hex heads are typically used For most
drives are common in with larger bolts and screws, types of
Phillips screws, but prone to and tightened with a wrench. fasteners, the
cam-out (stripping). diameter is
Combo drives, that Pan heads have a slightly measured on
can be used with domed head that sits above the outside of
Frearson
either driver, are the surface. the threads.
available for many Flat heads are installed in a Note: US diameters under 1/4” are given as numbers
fastener types. countersunk hole for a flat (e.g. #12) instead of inches, in order of increasing
Pozidriv
Frearson and Pozidriv surface. size.
are similar to Phillips, Round heads are tall domed
but less prone to heads, used primarily for
Slotted cam-out. decorative purposes.
Hex socket (Allen) Oval heads are a low domed
Thread Count and Thread Pitch
drives are compact and countersunk heads, used Machine threaded fasteners specify a thread density
Combo and easy to drive, but in Threads Per Inch (US) or as a Thread Pitch in
primarily for decorative
prone to cam-out. purposes. mm (Metric).
Torx and Square drive Truss heads are slightly For a given diameter, a fastener may be available in
Hex socket are resistant to coarse (standard), fine and sometimes super fine
(Allen) domed, with a wide head for
cam-out and can be an extra large surface area. thread.
installed single-
Socket heads are narrow
handed.
Square with a socket drive, and Measuring Length
(Robertson) Note: Most drive types knurled or smooth sides.
(Frearson and Slotted Fastener length is
Button heads feature a usually measured from
being notable exceptions)
medium dome. Typically used where the material is
require the correct driver
Torx with a hex socket drive. assumed to be to the
size for proper installation.
end of the fastener.
Thus, countersunk fasteners
are measured overall and
Nut and Washer Sizes non-countersunk fasteners
Nut and washer sizes indicate the screw or bolt they fit. For example: are measured from under
the head.

3/8”-16 Hex Bolt 3/8” Washer 3/8” -16 Nut

Different washer patterns have different outside

diameters. For example, hardened US washers are
available in USS (wider) and SAE (narrower) patterns.
Fender washers have large outside diameters.

1/4” 1/4” 1/4” x 1”

SAE USS Fender

Page 2
Metric Fastener
Guide
 Metric Machine Screw Sizes

4mm x 0.7mm 6mm x 1.0mm

Length

5mm x 0.8mm 8mm x 1.25mm

Length

For Pan Head - Measure length

from under the head to the end of
the screw. mm 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

For Flat Head - Measure length

from the top of the head to the
end of the screw.

IMPORTANT: Make sure to print this chart to Actual Size (no scaling).
After printing, measure the scale check below to ensure correct scale

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 inches
 Metric Hex Bolt Sizes and Thread Pitches

(Note: Head sizes may differ from what is shown due to differences between metric standards)

4mm x 0.7mm
10mm x 1.25mm
5mm x 0.8mm
14mm x 2.0mm

6mm x 1.0mm
10mm x 1.0mm

7mm x 1.0mm 14mm x 1.5mm

12mm x 1.75mm
8mm x 1.25mm

16mm x 2.0mm
8mm x 1.0mm
12mm x 1.5mm

10mm x 1.5mm
16mm x 1.5mm
12mm x 1.25mm
Length
Length is measured from under
the head to the end of the bolt

IMPORTANT: Make sure to print this chart to Actual Size (no scaling).
After printing, measure the scale check below to ensure correct scale.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 inches
 Metric Shoulder Bolt Size Chart

6mm 12mm
5mm x 0.8 Thread
10mm x 1.5 Thread

8mm
6mm x 1.0 Thread
16mm

12mm x 1.75 Thread

Length

10mm
20mm
8mm x 1.25 Thread

16mm x 2.0 Thread

Shoulder bolt size is determined by the diam-

eter and length of the shoulder.
NOTE: The smaller threaded section is the same length
and diameter for all shoulder bolts with the same
shoulder diameter.

IMPORTANT: Make sure to print this chart to Actual Size (no scaling).
After printing, measure the scale check below to ensure correct scale.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 inches
 Metric Socket Button Head Size Chart

4mm x 0.7

10mm x 1.5 12mm x 1.75

5mm x 0.8

10mm x 1.25 12mm x 1.5

6mm x 1.0

8mm x 1.25 10mm x 1.0 12mm x 1.25

8mm x 1.0
Fastener length is measured from where
the material surface is assumed to be, to
Length the end of the fastener.

IMPORTANT: Make sure to print this chart to Actual Size (no scaling).
After printing, measure the scale check below to ensure correct scale.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 inches
 Metric Socket Cap Size Chart

4mm x 0.7 10mm x 1.5

14mm x 2.0

5mm x 0.8 10mm x 1.25

6mm x 1.0
10mm x 1.0 14mm x 1.5

8mm x 1.25
12mm x 1.75

16mm x 2.0

8mm x 1.0
Length 12mm x 1.5

Fastener length is measured from where

the material surface is assumed to be, to
the end of the fastener.

12mm x 1.25 16mm x 1.5

IMPORTANT: Make sure to print this chart to Actual Size (no scaling).
After printing, measure the scale check below to ensure correct scale.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 inches
 Metric Socket Flat Head Size Chart

3mm x 0.5

10mm x 1.5 12mm x 1.75

4mm x 0.7

5mm x 0.8

10mm x 1.25 12mm x 1.5

6mm x 1.0

8mm x 1.25 10mm x 1.0 12mm x 1.25

8mm x 1.0 Fastener length is measured from where

the material surface is assumed to be, to
Length the end of the fastener.

IMPORTANT: Make sure to print this chart to Actual Size (no scaling).
After printing, measure the scale check below to ensure correct scale.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 inches
 Metric Nut Size Chart

2mm 20mm
4mm wrench

2.5mm
5mm wrench

3mm
5.5mm wrench

4mm 30mm wrench

7mm wrench

5mm
8mm wrench

6mm
10mm wrench
18mm
27mm wrench

8mm
13mm wrench

16mm
24mm wrench
10mm
17mm wrench

14mm
22mm wrench
12mm
19mm wrench Hex Jam Nylock Hex Jam Nylock

IMPORTANT: Make sure to print this chart to Actual Size (no scaling).
After printing, measure the scale check below to ensure correct scale.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 inches
 Metric Flat Washer Size Chart

1.6mm

2mm
16mm 18mm

2.5mm

3mm

14mm
3.5mm
20mm

4mm
12mm

5mm

22mm
10mm
6mm

7mm 8mm

Washer sizes correspond to the screw/bolt diameter they fit. For

example, an 8mm washer fits an 8mm bolt, and therefore has an 24mm
inner diameter of just over 8mm.

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After printing, measure the scale check below to ensure correct scale.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 inches
 Bolt Grade Markings and Strength Chart
Mechanical Properties
Nominal

Grade and Size

Head Marking Proof Min. Yield Min. Tensile
Material Range
Load Strength Strength
(inches)
(psi) (psi) (psi)

US Bolts

Grade 2 1/4 thru 55,000 57,000 74,000

3/4
Low or medium carbon
steel Over 3/4 33,000 36,000 60,000
No Markings thru 1-1/2

Grade 5 1/4 thru 1 85,000 92,000 120,000

Medium Carbon Steel,

Quenched and Over 1 74,000 81,000 105,000
3 Radial Lines Tempered thru 1-1/2

Grade 8 1/4 thru 1- 120,000 130,000 150,000

1/2
Medium Carbon Alloy
Steel, Quenched and
6 Radial Lines Tempered

Stainless markings vary. 18-8 Stainless All Sizes 20,000 65,000 Min.
Most stainless is non- thru 1 Min. 100,000 –
magnetic Steel alloy with 17-19% 65,000 150,000
Chromium and 8-13% Typical Typical
Nickel

Mechanical Properties
Nominal

Head Marking Class and Size Proof

Min. Yield Min. Tensile
Material Range Load
Strength Strength
(mm) (MPa) (MPa) (MPa)
 Metric bolts

Class 8.8 All Sizes 580 640 800

below
Medium Carbon Steel, 16mm
Quenched and
8.8 Tempered 16mm - 600 660 830
72mm

Class 10.9 5mm - 830 940 1040

100mm
Alloy Steel, Quenched
and Tempered
10.9

Class 12.9 1.6mm - 970 1100 1220

100mm
Alloy Steel, Quenched
and Tempered
12.9

Stainless markings vary. A-2 Stainless All Sizes 210 Min. 500 Min.
Most stainless is non- thru 450 700 Typical
Steel alloy with 17- 19% 20mm
magnetic. Typical
Chromium and 8-13%
Nickel
Usually stamped A-2

Tensile Strength: The maximum load in tension (pulling apart) which a material can withstand before breaking or
fracturing.

Yield Strength: The maximum load at which a material exhibits a specific permanent deformation

Proof Load: An axial tensile load which the product must withstand without evidence of any permanent set.

1MPa = 1N/mm2 = 145 pounds/inch2

 Fastener
Type Guide

Wood Screws
Screws with a smooth shank
and tapered point for use in
wood. Abbreviated WS
Self Drilling SMS
A sheet metal screw with a self
drilling point.
Socket Screws
Socket screws, also known as Machine screws with no head
Allen Head, are fastened with a for screwing all the way into
hex Allen wrench.
J-Bolts
J shaped bolts are used for
tie-downs or as an open eye
bolt.
Fastener Type Chart
Fastener Categories
Machine Screws
Screws with threads for use
with a nut or tapped hole.
Abbreviated MS
Hex Bolts
Bolts with a hexagonal head
with threads for use with a nut
or tapped hole. Abbreviated
HHMB or HXBT.
Set Screws
threaded holes.
U-Bolts
Bolts in U shape for attaching
to pipe or other round
surfaces. Also available with a
square bend.
Thread Cutting
Machine Screws
Machine screws with a thread
cutting (self tapping) point.
Carriage Bolts
Bolts with a smooth rounded
head that has a small square
section underneath.
Eye Bolts
A bolt with a circular ring on
the head end. Used for
attaching a rope or chain.
Shoulder Bolts
Shoulder bolts (also known as
stripper bolts) are used to
create a pivot point.
Sheet Metal Screws
Fully threaded screws with a
point for use in sheet metal.
Abbreviated SMS
Lag Bolts
Bolts with a wood thread and
pointed tip.
Abbreviated Lag.
Eye Lags
Similar to an eye bolt but with
wood threads instead of
machine thread.
Elevator Bolts
Elevator bolts are often used in
conveyor systems. They have a
large, flat head.
 Fastener Categories (continued)

Sex Bolts
Sex bolts (a.k.a. barrel nuts or
Chicago bolts) have a female
thread and are used for
through bolting applications
where a head is desired on
both sides of the joint.
Mating Screws Hanger Bolts
Mating screws have a Hanger bolts have wood
shoulder that matches the thread on one end and
diameter of the sex bolts machine thread on the other
they are used with. end

Head Styles

Flat Oval Pan Truss

A countersunk head with a flat A countersunk head with a A slightly rounded head with An extra wide head with a
top. rounded top. short vertical sides. rounded top.
Abbreviated FH Abbreviated OH or OV Abbreviated PN

Round Hex Hex Washer Slotted Hex Washer

A domed head. A hexagonal head A hex head with built in A hex head with built in
Abbreviated RH Abbreviated HH or HX washer. washer and a slot.

Socket Cap Button

A small cylindrical head using a A low-profile rounded head
socket drive. using a socket drive.

Phillips and Frearson
An X-shaped drive.
Abbreviated PH
One Way
Installs with a normal slotted
driver but can not be removed
without special tools.
Flat
A flat washer, used to distribute
load. Available in SAE, USS and
other patterns.
External Tooth Lock
A washer with external ‘teeth’.
Used to prevent nuts and bolts
from backing out.
Ogee
Thick, large diameter, cast iron
washers with a curved or
sculpted appearance. Typically
used in dock and wood
construction.
Drive Types
Slotted
A slot in the head.
Abbreviated SL
Square
Also known as Robertson drive.
Abbreviated SQ or SD.
Washer Types
Fender
An oversize flat washer used to
further distribute load
especially on soft materials.
Internal Tooth Lock
A washer with internal ‘teeth’.
Used to prevent nuts and bolts
from backing out.
Sealing
A soft neoprene washer
bonded to a metal backing.
Used to seal out air/water or
dampen noise and vibration.
Combination
A combination of slotted and
Phillips drives.
Abbreviated combo
Torx
A six-pointed star pattern,
specifically designed to
prevent cam-out and stripped
heads.
Finishing
A washer used to obtain a
‘finished’ look. Usually used
with oval head screws.
Square
A square shaped washer.
Socket, Hex or Allen
A hexagonal hole for use with
an Allen wrench.
Split Lock
The most common style of
washer used to prevent nuts
and bolts from backing out.
Dock
Dock washers have a larger
outside diameter and are
thicker than standard.

Hex
A six sided nut. Also referred to
as a Finished Hex Nut.
Nylon Insert Jam Lock
A nylock nut with a reduced
height.
Flange
A nut with a built in washer
like flange.
K-Lock or Kep
A nut with an attached
free-spinning external tooth
lock washer.
Nut Types
Nylon Insert Lock
Heavy Hex A nut with a nylon insert to Jam
prevent backing off. Also A hex nut with a reduced
A heavier pattern version of a
referred to as a Nylock. height.
standard hex nut.
Acorn
Wing Cap Acorn nuts are a high crown
A nut with ‘wings’ for hand A nut with a domed top over type of cap nut, used for
tightening. the end of the fastener. appearance.
Tee Prevailing Torque Lock
A nut designed to be driven Square A non-reversible lock nut used for
into wood to create a threaded A four sided nut. high temperature applications.
hole.
Coupling Slotted Castle
Coupling nuts are long nuts Slotted nuts are used in Castle nuts are used in
used to connect pieces of conjunction with a cotter pin conjunction with a cotter pin
threaded rod or other male on drilled shank fasteners to on drilled shank fasteners to
fasteners. prevent loosening. prevent loosening.