FOCUS QUESTION 6.1 AND 6.

FOCUS QUESTION 6.3

Reactants are continuously fed into a cell, and each reaction's products are filtered out (as
reactant for the next reaction or as waste products to be expelled)

FOCUS QUESTION 6.4

a. adenine

b. ribose

c. three phosphate group

d. a hydrolysis reaction breaks the termina phosphate bond and releases a molecule of inorganic
phosphate:

ATP + H2O ---> ADP + Pi + energy

e. Due to the close proximity of the negatively charged phosphate groups, this region is unstable.
The comparatively greater energy release is explained by the chemical transition to a more stable
state with lower free energy.

FOCUS QUESTION 6.5

The utilization of an exergonic process to propel an endergonic one is known as energy coupling.
By linking the energy-releasing activities of catabolism with the energy-consuming processes of
cellular work, the ATP cycle serves as an example of this linkage.

However, each side also serves as an illustration: On the left, the exergonic hydrolysis of ATP to
ADP and Pi serves as the immediate energy source for cellular function, while on the right, the
endergonic synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi is related to the exergonic processes of
catabolism.
FOCUS QUESTION 6.6 and 6.7

FOCUS QUESTION 6.8

An inhibitor that is competitive would look like the substrates and contend with them for the
active site. A non-competitive inhibitor would have a shape that might attach to a different
location on the enzyme molecule and alter the shape of the enzyme, decreasing the efficiency of
the active site.

FOCUS QUESTION 6.9

If the supply of ATP exceeds the demand, ATP would function as a catabolic pathway inhibitor,
delaying the breakdown of fuel molecules. ADP (or its breakdown product, AMP), which acts as
an activator of these catabolic enzymes, would increase the production of ATP if ATP supplies
were to decrease.

STRUCTURE YOUR KNOWLEDGE

1.