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I. WHAT IS RESEARCH? 1
II. WHAT IS RESEARCH IN ARCHITECTURE? 2
III. THE IMPERATIVE FOR ARCHITECTURAL RESEARCH 3
IV. OBJECTIVES OF RESEARCH 3
V. MOTIVATION IN RESEARCH 3
VI. WHY DO ARCHITECTS NEED TO UNDERTAKING RESEARCH? 3
VII. CRITERIA OF A GOOD RESEARCH 4
VIII. RESEARCH PAPER VS THESIS PAPER 5
IX. ETHICS OF RESEARCH 6
X. TYPES OF RESEARCH 7
XI. RESEARCH APPROACHES 8
XII. PROCESS OF RESEARCH 8
I. WHAT IS RESEARCH?
• Research in common parlance refers to a search for knowledge. Once can also define
research as a scientific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic.
In fact, research is an art of scientific investigation.
• The Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English lays down the meaning of research
as “a careful investigation or inquiry especially through search for new facts in any branch
of knowledge.”
• Redman and Mory define research as a “systematized effort to gain new knowledge.”
Some people consider research as a movement, a movement from the known to the
unknown. It is actually a voyage of discovery. We all possess the vital instinct of
inquisitiveness for, when the unknown confronts us, we wonder and our inquisitiveness
makes us probe and attain full and fuller understanding of the unknown. This
inquisitiveness is the mother of all knowledge and the method, which man employs for
obtaining the knowledge of whatever the unknown, can be termed as research.
• Research is an academic activity and as such the term should be used in a technical
sense.
• According to Clifford Woody research comprises defining and redefining problems,
formulating hypothesis or suggested solutions; collecting, organizing and evaluating data;
making deductions and reaching conclusions; and at last carefully testing the conclusions
to determine whether they fit the formulating hypothesis.
• D. Slesinger and M. Stephenson in the Encyclopedia of Social Sciences define research
as “the manipulation of things, concepts or symbols for the purpose of generalizing to
extend, correct or verify knowledge, whether that knowledge aids in construction of theory
or in the practice of an art.”
• Research is, thus, an original contribution to the existing stock of knowledge making for
its advancement. It is the pursuit of truth with the help of study, observation, comparison
and experiment. In short, the search for knowledge through objective and systematic
method of finding solution to a problem is research. The systematic approach concerning
generalization and the formulation of a theory is also research.
• As such the term ‘research’ refers to the systematic method consisting of enunciating the
problem, formulating a hypothesis, collecting the facts or data, analyzing the facts and
reaching certain conclusions either in the form of solutions(s) towards the concerned
problem or in certain generalizations for some theoretical formulation.
• A voyage of discovery; A journey; An attitude; An experience; A method of critical thinking;
A careful critical enquiry in seeking facts for principles
A systematized effort to gain new knowledge; a movement from the known to the unknown
• Search for (new) knowledge/ facts through objective, systematic and scientific method of
finding solution to a problem
• Implicit question + Explicit answer + data to answer the question
• Not synonymous with commonsense, but systematic, objective (purposeful), reproducible,
relevant activity having control over some factors
V. MOTIVATION IN RESEARCH
(1) Desire to get a research degree along with its consequential benefits;
(2) Desire to face the challenge in solving the unsolved problems, i.e., concern over practical
problems initiates research;
(3) Desire to get intellectual joy of doing
(4) some creative work;
(5) Desire to be of service to society;
(6) Desire to get respectability.
1. EDUCATION LEVEL
Research paper and thesis papers are written at different levels of education. Research paper is
written at undergraduate level. Thesis paper on the other hand is a requirement to obtain a degree
(e.g. Masters Degree).
2. CONTENT
The subject matter is research paper is different from that of a thesis. A research paper focuses
on an individual topic throughout the paper. Thesis paper on the other hand does not necessarily
focus on a single issue. In most cases, it reviews hypothetical matters presented by different
researchers.
3. AUTHORS OPINION
A research paper presents the authors opinions. Using the research collected the author attempts
critically analyze and interpret findings. A thesis paper on the other hand does not necessary
contain new ideas. It compiles research from different sources. The author/s opinion is more
objective, and the results and findings are technical and scientific. Bias is removed.
4. LENGTH
Research paper is much shorter than a thesis paper. It therefore takes a shorter period to
complete a research paper as compared to thesis. A research paper can take a few days, a week
or two at most. A thesis on the other hands takes months, perhaps a year or two to complete.
5. STUDY PERIOD
A research paper is usually written as part of a subject, while a thesis is independent study. A
thesis does not end and often requires further research. In most cases, authors prefer to continue
their thesis project at doctorate level.
6. DEFENSE
In most cases, research paper is concluded and handed over for grading. As for thesis paper,
once submitted to the thesis committee, the next step is to prepare an oral thesis defense. A
defense is an oral presentation presented to a thesis committee.
Academic requirements for a thesis, especially the demand of originality, are much higher than
for a research paper. Each university sets its own rules and regulations for presentation style and
the length of a thesis depending on the research area. In some universities the rules can be
stricter, foreseeing very specific style and format requirements.
• From the point of view of time, we can think of research either as one-time research or
longitudinal research. In the former case the research is confined to a single time-period,
whereas in the latter case the research is carried on over several time-periods.
• Research can be field-setting research or laboratory research or simulation research,
depending upon the environment in which it is to be carried out.
• Research can as well be understood as clinical or diagnostic research. Such research
follows case-study methods or in-depth approaches to reach the basic causal relations. Such
studies usually go deep into the causes of things or events that interest us, using very small
samples and very deep probing data gathering devices.
• The research may be exploratory or it may be formalized. The objective of exploratory
research is the development of hypotheses rather than their testing, whereas formalized
research studies are those with substantial structure and with specific hypotheses to be
tested.
• Historical research is that which utilizes historical sources like documents, remains, etc. to
study events or ideas of the past, including the philosophy of persons and groups at any
remote point of time.
• Research can also be classified as conclusion-oriented and decision-oriented. While
doing conclusion-oriented research, a researcher is free to pick up a problem, redesign the
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