Factorisation by Grouping

Examples
1. Factorise each of the following.
(a) 5x + 5y + ax + ay
(b) 3px – 9py – 4qx + 12qy
(c) ax + ay + xy + x2
(d) 15mx – 2ny – 3nx + 10my
2. Factorise each of the following.
(a) 10 (2x – y) – p (y – 2x)
(b) 7x3 – x2 – 1 + 7x
(c) 3 (2 – 5y)2 – 8 + 20y
(d) (x – 2y) (5x + 3y) – (x – 2y) (x – 5y)

Exercises
1. Factorise each of the following.
(a) 3x + 6 + xy + 2y
(b) 3p – 4q – pq + 12
(c) ab + b2 – a – b
(d) xy + 2ax2 – 3y – 6ax
(e) 3xp – 6xq – 2py + 4qy
(f) px + 3py – 3qy – qx
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 (g) 5axy + 10ay – x – 2
(h) 10ax + 5by – 2ay – 25bx
(i) 2m2 + 8m – mn – 4n
(j) mq – nq + n – m
(k) 2xy – 2x + 6 – 6y
(l) x3 + x – 1 – x2
(m) 2pq2 – pqr – 6qr + 3r2
(n) m3n + m2 + mn + 1
(o) 1 + x + x2 + x3
(p) x3 – x2 + 5x – 5
(q) x2 + xy –axy – ay2
(r) 3x4 + x3 + 3x + 1
(s) p – q2 + pq2 – 1
(t) 25x2 – 2y – 10x + 5xy
2. Factorise each of the following.
(a) m2n – m2p – 8p + 8n
(b) 9x2y + x – 7y – 63xy2
(c) 4p4 + 6p2q2 – 8p3q – 12pq3
(d) 15a3bc – 12a3b3 – 30ac + 24ab2
(e) ( x – y )2 – 3x + 3y
(f) 2( 3x+2y )2 – 12x – 8y
(g) ( 8x – y )2 – 5z( 8x – y )

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 (h) 7x2( x2 + 1 ) – 4( x2 + 1 )2
(i) ( 3x + 8y )( x – 4y ) – ( x – 4y )2
(j) 3a( 2x – y ) – 7b( 6x – 3y )
3. Evaluate each of the following using algebraic rules.
(a) 25 × 78 + 25 × 22
(b) 38 × 15 + 38 × 85
(c) 17 × 285 – 185 × 17
(d) 49 × 399 – 49 × 299
(e) 69 × 45 + 31 × 45
(f) 3.8 × 5.7 + 4.3 × 3.8
(g) 777 × 57 – 57 × 757
(h) 28 × 72 + 282
(i) 96 × 39 – 43 × 78
(j) 89( 33 – 8 ) + 11( 33 – 8 )

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