TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY (MEIKTILA)

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

2022-23 ACADEMIC YEAR

Integrated Design Project

MESH WIRE FENCE SPECIFICATIONS

Group – V

Submitted by:
1. Mg Ye Man Aung V Mech – 8
2. Mg Hein Thet Naing V Mech – 10
3. Mg Kaung Myat Thu V Mech – 12
4. Mg Htet Aung Khant V Mech – 15
5. Mg Aung Thwin Htet V Mech – 45
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE

TABLE OF CONTENTS 1

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 2

CHAPTER TITLE

1 Introduction
3
1.1. Applications of mesh fencing 3

1.2. Aim 4

1.3.Objectives 5

2 Components classification procedure 6

2.1. Main components 6

2.2. Setting up the device step by step 7

3 Theories and calculations 9

3.1 Shear stress calculations 9

3.2. Calculation of strain on the mesh fence 10

3.3. Using implicit differentiation to measure the change 11

4 Discussion and conclusion 12

4.1. Discussion 12

4.2. Conclusion 12

Appendix 13

References 14

1
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We extend our heartfelt gratitude to Dr. San San Yee, the esteemed Rector of
Technological University (Meiktila), for her gracious permission allowing us to present this
Integrated Design Project Report.

Our sincere appreciation goes to Dr. Than Than Htay, Professor and Head of the
Department of Mechanical Engineering at Technological University (Meiktila), for her
invaluable suggestions and unwavering guidance throughout the course of this project.

We express our deep gratitude to Dr. Than Than Htay, our dedicated Supervisor from
the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Technological University (Meiktila), for her
consistent supervision, insightful guidance, and constructive recommendations that have been
instrumental in completing this project.

We would like to extend our thanks to the dedicated educators from the Department
of Mechanical Engineering at Technological University (Meiktila) who have generously
offered their assistance, support, and knowledge.

Our profound appreciation is owed to the relentless teamwork, effort, and cooperation
of our group members: Mg Aung Thwin Htet, Mg Kaung Myat Thu, Mg Htet Aung Khant,
Mg Hein Thant Naing, and Mg Ye Man Aung. Their contributions have been indispensable to
the successful completion of the "Mesh Wire Fence Specifications."

Lastly, we extend our sincerest acknowledgement to all our teachers who have
provided their guidance, mentorship, and encouragement that have been pivotal in the
realization of this project.

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 CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

Chain-link mesh wire used for fencing purposes is made through a manufacturing
process that involves weaving galvanized or coated steel wires into a diamond-shaped
pattern. The process begins with steel wires being fed through a machine that twists and
interconnects them to form the characteristic diamond pattern. If required, the wire mesh can
undergo additional processes such as galvanization or PVC coating for enhanced durability
and corrosion resistance. The finished chain-link mesh wire is then rolled and cut into desired
lengths or rolls, ready for installation as fencing material.

1.1. Applications of mesh fencing

Mesh fencing serves as a versatile and practical solution for a wide range of
applications, including security, agriculture, construction, and infrastructure development. In
developing countries like Myanmar, where rapid urbanization and industrial growth are
taking place, the use of mesh fencing has become increasingly relevant. This article provides
an academic examination of mesh fencing in Myanmar, considering its specific social,
economic, and environmental factors.
Chain-link fences are widely used in Myanmar for various applications due to their
affordability, durability, and versatility. These fences consist of a woven mesh of galvanized
steel wires formed into a diamond pattern. The chain-link fence design offers several
advantages, making it a popular choice in Myanmar.

1. Security and Perimeter Protection: Chain-link fences provide a secure barrier,

effectively deterring unauthorized access and trespassing. They are commonly used to
enclose residential properties, commercial establishments, and public spaces. The
tightly woven diamond pattern prevents climbing and provides a clear boundary
demarcation.
2. Infrastructure and Facility Protection: Chain-link fences are used to protect
infrastructure and facilities such as factories, warehouses, construction sites, and
utility installations. They serve as a physical barrier, preventing unauthorized entry
and safeguarding valuable equipment, materials, and assets.
3. Sports Facilities and Playgrounds: Chain-link fences are utilized in sports facilities,
including stadiums, tennis courts, and playgrounds. They help contain players and

3
 spectators, ensuring safety and providing clear visibility. The open mesh design
allows for airflow and visibility, reducing the risk of accidents and enhancing
spectator experience.
4. Agriculture and Animal Enclosures: In rural areas and agricultural settings, chain-link
fences are employed to enclose farmlands, livestock areas, and poultry farms. They
help protect crops from animals and prevent livestock from straying. The durability of
the galvanized steel wires ensures the longevity of the fence, even in harsh
environmental conditions.

Figure (1.1): Mesh Wire Fencing for Football Stadium of

Technological University (Meiktila)

1.2.Aim
The project aims to bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical
application by actively applying the basic principles of mechanical engineering in real-
world scenarios. This practical application fosters a deeper understanding of mechanical
engineering concepts and instills a sense of accomplishment in successfully translating
theory into practice.

1.3.Objectives
1. Understanding deformations: One of the key objectives of this project is to
comprehensively understand and analyze the deformations that mesh wire fencing

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 may undergo when subjected to various forces and impacts. By studying the behavior
of the fencing under different conditions, we purpose to enhance our knowledge of
structural integrity.
2. Setting up mesh wire making device: The project will provide step-by-step
instructions for setting up a functional mesh wire making device. By outlining the
construction process, this objective facilitates the creation of a device that can be used
for producing mesh wire for fencing purposes.
3. Applying implicit differentiation: Another objective of the project is to apply the
concept of implicit differentiation in the context of mesh wire fencing. By utilizing
this mathematical technique, it is with an aim to analyze the structural integrity and
stability of the final fencing product.

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 CHAPTER 2

COMPONENTS CLASSIFICATION PROCEDURE

These following devices and components, including the shaft, pipe, wire, nuts and
bolts, and frame, collectively contribute to the functionality and capabilities of the mesh wire
making device for fencing purposes. They are carefully selected and integrated to ensure
smooth operation, precise wire weaving, structural integrity, and ease of assembly and
maintenance.

2.1. Main Components

2.1.1. Shaft: The shaft is a cylindrical component that plays a crucial role in the mesh wire
making device. It serves as a central axis or spindle around which various other components
rotate or move. The shaft provides stability and support to the machine's moving parts,
ensuring smooth operation and alignment during the wire weaving process. It is typically
made of durable materials such as steel or aluminum to withstand the forces and stresses
involved in the wire making process.

Shaft

Figure (2.1): Shaft in the grinding process

2.1.2. Pipe: A pipe is a tubular component used in the mesh wire making device to guide and
direct the flow of materials or serve as a conduit or grooves for wires. In the context of the
machine, pipes may be used to create channels through which wires are fed or to provide
structural support for different sections of the device. They are typically made of materials
such as steel, aluminum, or PVC, depending on the specific application and requirements of
the machine.

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 Grooves

Figure (2.2): Pipe in operation

2.1.3. Frame: The frame is the structural framework of the mesh wire making device. It
provides the foundation and support for all the other components to be mounted and
assembled. The frame is typically constructed using rigid materials like steel or aluminum to
maintain stability and withstand the forces exerted during the wire making process. The
frame ensures proper alignment of the machine's mechanisms, guides the wire feeding and
forming process, and contributes to the overall durability and longevity of the device.

Frame

Figure (2.3) Frame in welding process

2.2. Setting up the device step by step

1. Frame Construction: Think safety first. Then, assemble the shafts to establish the
device's foundational frame. This will provide the structure needed to support
subsequent components and the wire weaving process.
2. Shaft Installation: Thread the shaft through one end of the wire spool, and securely
attach the shaft using bearings to ensure smooth rotation. To facilitate the weaving

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 process, create designated paths along the circular hollow shaft that will guide the
wire in a well-defined zigzag pattern.
3. Wire Feeding Setup: Commence the wire feeding process by anchoring the wire's
starting end to one side of the frame. Employ a deliberate zigzag pattern as guided the
wire over and across the frame, ensuring systematic coverage and alignment.
4. Wire Tensioning: Incorporate a manual tensioning that permits adjustments to wire
tension as required. The proper tension level plays a critical role in maintaining
consistent and uniform mesh openings, thus enhancing the overall quality of the end
product.
5. Weaving Process: Progress with the wire weaving process, methodically continuing
until the desired mesh height is achieved. It's imperative to secure the wire at each
intersection point to establish a sturdy and cohesive mesh structure.
6. Finishing Touches: Conclude the setup process by trimming any excess wire and
meticulously verifying the alignment and tension of the mesh. This attention to detail
will result in a finished product that is both visually appealing and functionally
effective.

Operation and Maintenance: Regularly check and adjust wire tension, lubricate
moving parts, and inspect for any wear and tear. Keep the device clean and put safety first to
prevent accidents. Figure (2.4) below provides the drawing to understand the device simply.
Top View

Front View Side View

Figure (2.4)

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 CHAPTER 3
THEORIES AND CALCULATIONS

3.1.Shear stress calculations

One critical aspect of this device is the punching operation, where a circular rod is
used to create holes in the metal sheet. The interaction between the circular rod and the metal
sheet gives rise to shear stress, which plays a significant role in determining the quality and
durability of the wire mesh machine. Shear stress is a mechanical force that acts parallel to a
plane, causing one layer of material to slide or deform relative to an adjacent layer. In the
case of punching metal sheets, shear stress arises due to the relative motion between the
circular rod and the metal sheet during the punching operation. Understanding shear stress is
crucial for optimizing the design and operation of the punching process to ensure efficient
and reliable wire mesh production.

Load, P

Diameter, d
Thickness, t

Figure (3.1) Punching process for base frame

The thickness of the sheet is considered to be 4 mm and the round punch has a
dimension of 2 cm. If the punch exerts a force of 5kN, the shear stress in the sheet is can be
calculated as follow.

Thickness, t = 4 mm
Diameter, d = 2 cm = 20 mm
Load, P = 5kN
Shear Stress, τ = ?

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 τ =

= 15.9155 MPa

3.2. Calculation of strain on the mesh fence

To consider the strain, first of all, the force exerted can be calculated. The typical
pressure on the football is considered to be 1 atm. To add the values, according to the ball
specifications of FIFA, a standard football has 0.6 to 1.1 atm in pressure and radius of
football is 22 cm. Assume the football’s pressure to be 1atm along with atmospheric pressure
of 1 atm and no friction losses. Since the pressure means the force exerted by a unit area,

P=

and area of a football, A = = = 0.152 m2

F = P × A = (1 +1) atm × 105 × 0.152 m2 = 3.04 × 104 N

Calculate the stress (σ) by dividing the applied force (F) by the original cross-
sectional area (A₀) of the mesh.

To consider the tensile force only exerted by the football to one unit of wire,

area of a cross-sectional area of wire, A = = = 3.142 × 10-6 m2

= 3.04 × 104 / 3.142 × 10-6 = 9.675 × 109 Nm-2

By using the fact that Young’s Modulus of steel at room temperature is 190 GPa,
,

190×109 = 9.675 × 109 /

= 9.675 × 109 / 190 × 109 = 0.05 m = 5 cm

This calculation is a simplified estimation, as real world factors such as fence material
properties, number of wires for one sample, boundary conditions, and other structural
considerations can influence the actual deformation.

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 3.3.Using implicit differentiation to measure the change

Consider a 5 m post leaning on the mesh fencing and the post will fall with 1 ms -1
because of an external force. How far the post will go opposing the fencing?

1 ms-1

5 m post y (t)

Mesh Wire Fence

x (t)

Ground

Figure (3.2)

(x(t))2 + (y(t))2 = 52 (Pythagoras’s Theorem)

2x (t) dx + 2y (t) dy = 0 (Using Implicit Differentiation)

Differentiating the equation with respect to time (t),

2x (t) + 2y (t) =0

When the post is falling, can be taken into consideration of speed as the distance
is differentiated with time and the value is minus since it is falling onto the ground. When the
time is the least value of approaching zero, y(t) is 4 and x(t) is 3. Therefore,

2 (3) + 2 (4) (-1) = 0

(6) =8

= = = 1.3333 m

The horizontal movement of the post can be calculated as above.

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 CHAPTER 4
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION

4.1.Discussion

Mesh wire fencing has several advantages, including its budget-friendly nature, low
maintenance requirements, easy installation, and versatility. However, it is important to
consider the disadvantages such as the lack of privacy, unattractive appearance, limited
impact on property value, and potentially compromised security. When choosing mesh wire
fencing, it is essential to weigh these pros and cons against the specific requirements and
priorities of the fencing project.

While mesh fencing offers numerous advantages, several challenges hinder its
widespread implementation in Myanmar. Limited access to quality materials, budget
constraints, and a lack of technical expertise pose significant barriers. Additionally, the
country's diverse terrain and climate variations require adaptable fencing solutions to
withstand extreme weather conditions, including heavy rain and high temperatures.
Addressing these challenges necessitates collaboration among stakeholders, including
government agencies, manufacturers, and local communities.

4.2.Conclusion

The design and functionality of the mesh wire making device showcase its
effectiveness as a step-by-step and customizable solution for producing mesh wire for fencing
purposes. The careful consideration given to material selection, engineering, and design
principles results in a device that meets the requirements of efficient and reliable mesh wire
production. Individuals and businesses can save on procurement expenses by producing their
own mesh wire, eliminating the need for outsourcing or purchasing pre-made products. The
device's ability to produce customized mesh wire opens up a range of possibilities, enabling
users to meet unique fencing requirements and explore new applications.
In conclusion, the mesh wire making device's effective design, engineering, and
material selection make it customizable solution for mesh wire production. It has potential
impact on individuals, small-scale businesses, reducing costs, and enhancing customization
capabilities.

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Appendix

Photos of Mesh Wire Making Device

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References

Machine Design Text Book, R.S.Khurmi

https://www.securitycaging.com/chain-link-vs-wire-mesh/
https://www.hooverfence.com/chain-link-fence-overview
https://www.hooverfence.com/chain-link-fence-installation-manual
https://www.chainlinkfencing.org/technology/chain-link-fence-production-process.html
https://mainlinefence.com/commercial/chain-link-
faqs/#:~:text=Chain%20Link%20Fabric%20(also%20commonly,)%20with%20%239%20ga
uge%20wire.
https://www.lawnstarter.com/blog/landscaping/fencing/pros-and-cons-of-chain-link-fencing/
https://www.lawnstarter.com/blog/landscaping/fencing/pros-and-cons-of-chain-link-
fencing/#types
https://byjus.com/physics/shearing-stress/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chain-link_fencing
https://www.britannica.com/science/Youngs-modulus
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1526612521006708
https://www.smergers.com/construction-materials-businesses-for-sale-and-investment-
opportunities-in-myanmar/c2210s114b/?PageSpeed=noscript
https://www.mes.org.mm/
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/materials-science/poisson-
ratio#:~:text=Poisson's%20ratio%20is%20defined%20as,as%20a%20result%20of%20strain.
https://thefencingstore.com.au/commercial/chain-wire-fencing
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e_Rs_V1mV6g
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xbviQHhU1rA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M0SMSWM2oZA
https://www.thenbs.com/PublicationIndex/documents/details?Pub=BSI&DocID=281035
https://allenconcrete.co.uk/fencing/strained-wire-fence-posts/

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