University of Babylon MA Programme 2018-2019

College of Education for First Semester

Human Sciences ………….. Attempt
Department of English Time: Three hours

Final Examination in Phonetics and Phonology

Notes: (1) Answer Question 1 (10 Ms) and any other five questions (12 Ms each).

(2) Answers should be supported with illustrative examples.

Q1// What does the term “phonetically based phonological process” mean. Explain
supporting your answer with references to some of these processes.

Q2// Production of sounds is done through the collaboration of three sequential

systems. Elaborate.

Q3//In their attempts to identify the reality of the phoneme, phonologists hold three
different views. Explicate.

Q4// Mention and explain the distinctive features that relate to the manner in which a
segment is produced.

Q5// Precisely and concisely, explain each of the following terms:

a) Environment and Distribution

b) Allophonic relations
c) Alternation

Q6// Onset maximalism is one solution to the problem of the syllable boundaries.
Elaborate.

Q7// Intonation is very important in revealing the speaker’s feelings and attitudes.
Elucidate.

Good Luck!

Examiner Asst. Prof. Dr. Salih Mahdi Addai

Prof. Dr. Ahmed Sahib Mubarak Head of the Department