Date: Thursday 29 June 2023 Box and VWhis ker Plot La Median ua | 1 6 2 3 4 The box and whisker pet slous/gives the skewness of the data set Histogram plot It is a plot of Frecprency clrsity FD VB class width. Frequency OL Area urder the graph f£ 2 kx FDx CW whee k & the Gnstant of FD = _f propor tonality Kx CW So, fora data cet with equal claes widths , => FD=-_f _— CK. Cw) onetant So, We aan use FD=Th the above exam ple ) plot a histogram for the ttaset . Class width (w) Frequency density (FD) OS Root of the mean oF the Sopare of the devictor fron the mean valve . Standard deviahion a gies q megsuc ft the Cevichon of the deta st from the mean value. . N 2 a= laine = (t= G-» Mean square \alve of a ckta seb 3 N 2 2 = xX oc = =i EL 3 => Mean square Nalue of the date seb .N \eriane o7= + 2 (aj -2)* = + = Gj - 2xi= +=?) ~ og ed ~ RL Se FH N ! N ! 2 ote Fa oe +E 2 ote So ~ 2x +E N I ete Lex - e f NU oy 2 x07 a xe = per oe for the exam ple of the apartments => Grouped dete Set x =M= = xfi lofe: SH =N > Bal =f number of item in He ch, cet Variance ots 2% a$) =F;Simplified . ste =x Fi F Baqi fy? FF { ZF i Gompute the Yariance a2 for the example of the Apartments « 6 ste = Ge -2) Fr EL. Sf vst 2 2 _ (1-28) *8 + (2-2-9 x4 + G2 «7 Si, + G-2-8)x 2 + G2 Ss + @-28) «1 Ztmt i+ i245 +1 = 5-184 => Standard deviation o = Us164 = 7184 Note: The starderd deviction 0 a mesure of the chuiahin of the dalaset from He man value . Example, : Consicler fad, = a -2:3, 52, -6-4,3°6, st Compute the mean Verrance Sand starr devia on os . Show that ot = M47.Foo} = fy -23 » 3; ~64, 56, 8} vet Mean = x = q = “i = 4 fi-zsesa-64+3e +8] 6 _ ix GI = 1567 6 N _ a. cj -Z) Nariance ve 4 z,¢ - err Gr ey-ee cera Coay CB) 22-9081 I O- = Standard cky ction ~ [Van'ance = Jaa-gori = #186? a —_ N vp %.. Hot o7= (-SIET + 22-908 | = 25-285 = =? [Proven]Besic Deseriphe Stoheties Sets and Gunking The concept of q set 6 te mathe mah «al background to probability and stekstics - & s B A - 8 A Disjemt sets Aan8 are mauctually exclusive events . s a | CD ANB >A AnNDS AUB > AoeS \ > andy (GD D ony SAnoT’ > A\B A= NoTAS Goghent s ANB = & GH ee! ZOLZ A@B = Aor & Nor BoTH — os +5 @ve)\Ane) Aus) = AnB A\B Uv BNA @ne)u Gans) We can express theee Set reltienships 19 efferent Ways eg :A= fx: xEU,x tA} x GA or ES} Aus = t=: ANB = fx: xeA AND xe8} A\B = fa: xEA wp x 885 A\B is ake written as ANOTB A-86 An 8 A®OBS> a exciusive or & A og & Not BOTH Que \ a8) A@B> A\d ve) Ronly B ONLY A@Bs Anau Gna Laws of Algelrs of ects +o be applied tp probabilt later . (1) _Idempatent laws Aug = A An&=A(2) Associative laws Qua)uc = Avleue) @na)nc = An(nc) (3) Commutative lows AuB = BUA An& = BNA (®) Distibotve laws AU(BNG) = @uB n@vo) An (Buc) = ane) U (anc) © |denkty laws AUG =A Ang=¢ AuUaU Anu=A )_lnyolotion lew A = A [Complement of the compkrent Std] (1) Grplement law S_ AUKR= U ANK u =f G= II ce(g) De Morgan's laws AuB = An8& U = OR Ang = AvUB A = AND 6 Ls — a = AuB= ANB Ang = AUB Exam ple Le at combinchons : Sim platy the following expressions (1) (an®) N (80 A) (@) Cand) Ug (ANB) Gorrechion a) (Aa®) 9 (BaD) AA (BNB) AD > Using Assocehve bw AN BAK > $ a) Qn®B) uv CAnB) AA (BUR) > Using ROKL= Wy islribotive lav | {]Faclorval Noteheo al =” (n-0. (n -2). (n-3) «=> - 2 o! =14 Gombinahion (“Jer % r objects tat fen n objects . (0) = Then! Binomia | expans’oo (atb)" = 2 +() ont b +(2) ot P+ (aan +b mears the number of combinations of sae Example The number of commi Hees of 3 people hat car Le fornal from a grup of & peope '8 Ro = BIE _ sé 3 Sxa2xt Permy ta hens "p= No of germutatons Carra ments) of © abjecks daken from 0 objects = , \ a mp. = xl = Permuteaben > Arrangements — ar)!Example (D 3 cards are chesen from @ pack of S2 cards feom 52. cards With re placement : Every draw 5 With re placement ) thes can be done i'n Withe ut replacement » This can be done in = 52x51x50= 132,600 WS . (I) Consier 3 objets aken from 4 objects abo . No of combinahios = tes = 4 abc , abd, acd, bed No of permutations = ths oe 5) Gambinations Rerrnutahions (Qrrangements) abe ach bac bea cab cha se 140,68 ways . S52 Ps = 4yx3x2= 74+ abe abd ahd adb bad bde dab dba ace acd ade cad eda dac dca bed hed bde cbd cdb dle deb. Each combinahon => sla 6 arcangerrentsPermutotines with cepetitons The numer of permutahos fa objects (taken n ata tyme) of which on, are alike, A, are alike, Ng ore alike, .. . Og oe alike is given by t nt 0,) 92) ng! --- ng! Hows many S better words car be made fom the werd DADDY? nls sl = “Hs 20 => — 3] a) Explanation DDD, AT , DiDsDsAT, DDDSAY, DsPeP AY D,DDAY , Ds PDA all give the same word when be a,! =o! =6 the subscripts are re moved , Defatin of Probability and Accoctated laws