SUBMITTED BY:

Muhammad Adnan
REGISTRATION NO:
21MDMLE043
DEPARTMENT
Mechanical Engineering
LAB:
Mechanics of material
LAB REPORT
02
SUBMITTED TO:
Engr. Abdul Hameed
Experiment: 02
To determine the impact toughness through charpy test

Theory:
Toughness is the ability to withstand shock loading without
fracture. Materials that have high toughness generally have high
hardness and high ductility. Toughness measures the energy required
to crack a material. It is important for things like hammers and cutting
tools which suffer impact and dynamic loads.

Impact tests are designed to measure the resistance to failure of a

material to a suddenly applied force. The test measures the impact
energy, or the energy absorbed prior to fracture. The most common
methods of measuring impact energy are the:

•Charpy Test

•Izodic Test

A metal may be very hard and therefore very strong but yet be
unsuitable for applications in which it is subjected to sudden loads in
service. Materials behave quite differently when they are loaded
suddenly than when they are loaded more slowly as in tensile testing.
Because of this fact, impact test is considered to be one of the basic
mechanical tests.

The term brittle fracture is used to describe rapid propagation of cracks

without any excessive plastic deformation at a stress level below the
yield stress of the material. Metals that show ductile behavior usually
can, under certain circumstances, behave in a brittle fashion. The stress
needed to cause yield rises as the temperature falls. At very low
temperatures, fracture occurs before yielding

Impact energy is a measure of the work done to fracture a test

specimen.

When the striker impacts the specimen, the specimen will absorb
energy until it yields. At this point, the specimen will begin to undergo
plastic deformation at the notch. The test specimen continues to
absorb energy and work hardens at the plastic zone at the notch. When
the specimen can absorb no more energy, fracture occurs

Scale:
There are two scale for this experiment

a) Scale 1
M=6.3kg for 50 j
L=436mm=0.436m
Maximum angle = α=145

B) Scale 2

M=3.125kg for 25 j
L=436mm=0.436m
Maximum angle = α=145
Procedure:
 First of all select the metal specimen and put it in anvil
 The distance between anvil is 40mm
 According to the specimen of material we chose the weight from
scale
 For more strengthen material we use 6.23 kg and energy should
be 50
 While for less strengthen material we use 3.125kg and energy
should be 25j
 Put the hammer at 145 degree and hit it on specimen for finding
the impact
 Record the data from scale
 The whole operation is shown in figure.1

Figure.1
Data:
Type of Loss of Energy Impact Energy Absorption
testing (J) (EAB+Eloss) Energy (EAB)

Charpy Test 1J 10 J 9J

Conclusion:
From this experiment we conclude that strength of
material depend on mass .if the we increase the mass of material the
material should be more strengthen .while the material should be less
strengthen.