T NG H P Writing Quý 2

MỤC LỤC
NGÀY 06/05/2023 .......................................................................................................... 5

NGÀY 11/05/2023 ......................................................................................................... 7
NGÀY 20/05/2023 ....................................................................................................... 10
NGÀY 27/05/2023 ....................................................................................................... 12
NGÀY 03/06/2023 ....................................................................................................... 14
NGÀY 10/06/2023 ....................................................................................................... 17
NGÀY 24/06/2023 ....................................................................................................... 19
NGÀY 01/07/2023 ....................................................................................................... 21
NGÀY 06/07/2023 ....................................................................................................... 25
NGÀY 22/07/2023 ....................................................................................................... 27
NGÀY 29/07/2023 ....................................................................................................... 29
NGÀY 12/08/2023 ....................................................................................................... 33
NGÀY 19/08/2023 ....................................................................................................... 36
NGÀY 26/08/2023 ....................................................................................................... 40
CÔNG TY TNHH ANH NGỮ VIETOP
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TỔNG HỢP ĐỀ THI IELTS WRITING QUÝ 2/2023
NGÀY 06/05/2023
Task 1. The graph below shows the number of overseas visitors who came to the UK for
different purposes between 1989 and 2009.
Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make
comparisons where relevant.
The given line graph provides information about why international visitors travelled to
Britain over a two-decade period starting from 1989.
Overall, this country attracted a growing number of overseas travellers for all reported
reasons. In addition, the data on holiday trips, though erratic, nearly always topped the
chart.
6.5 million holidaymakers came to Britain at the start of the period, followed by a surge to
9 million in 1998 but later a six-year plunge to its starting point. After a passing plummet
from the initial 5 million, the figure for work-related visits soared to 7 million in 2004 and
outdid that for the previously mentioned group. Despite a consistent 3.5-million increase,
the number of visitors who arrived in the UK for family and friend reunions still ranked last
at 6 million at the same time.

The UK subsequently welcomed a wave of tourists, which climbed to the formerly recorded
peak of 9 million, in 2009. The figures for the other categories showed clear similarities in
the remaining years. They witnessed proportional rises before declines and ended at 7
million for those going on business trips and 6 million for those visiting friends and relatives.
 Holidaymaker (n): người đi nghỉ
 Passing (adj): thoáng quá
 Initial (adj): ban đầu
 A wave of (n): một làn sóng (một số lượng lớn hơn bình thường các sự kiện cùng
loại, xảy ra trong cùng một khoảng thời gian)
 Proportional (adj): cân xứng
Task 2. Directors of large organisations receive much higher salaries than ordinary
workers. Some think it is necessary, while others think it is unfair. Discuss both views and
give your opinion.
There have been wide income gaps between senior and junior staff in large organisations,
and the debate over how justifiable high executive pay is contentious. While some argue
that generous salaries are vital to attract and retain top talents, others believe they
exacerbate inequality in the workplace. This essay will discuss both views and provide my
opinion on the matter.
On the one hand, I understand why some people believe that executives’ salaries should
be as much as the company is willing to pay. Advocates of the idea believe that running an
enterprise or institution requires unique skills and substantial experience, and those
possessing these qualities are in high demand. In the quest for executive candidates,
financial rewards are bound to give recruiters a competitive edge. Additionally, high
salaries can serve as an incentive for high-powered individuals to strive for better results,
which in turn benefits the organisation as a whole.
On the other hand, many maintain that directors are not solely responsible for a company's
success and that other employees, such as frontline workers, also play a crucial role. Pay
disproportionate to contributions may provoke perceptions of unfairness among staff,
hence lowering the overall morale. Furthermore, when executive compensation accounts
for a sizeable part of the annual budget, salaries and incentives for employees of lower
ranks are unlikely to increase regularly or considerably.
From my perspective, senior-level positions are of great importance and should therefore
be rewarded with high salaries. That said, the income gap between ranks should be within
limits to create a sense of fairness within an organisation and make room for pay rises in
recognition of junior roles.

To conclude, lucrative offers help recruit talents and motivate leaders to manage their
organisations successfully. However, there should be a cap imposed on income differences
between high and low positions to maintain a fair work environment for everyone.
 Senior and junior staff (n): nhân viên cấp cao và cấp dưới
 Executive pay (n): lương điều hành
 Attract and retain top talents (v): thu hút và giữ chân những tài năng hàng đầu
 A competitive edge (n): lợi thế cạnh tranh
 High-powered (adj): năng lực cao
 Disproportionate (adj): không cân xứng
 Morale (n): nhuệ khí
 Executive compensation (n): Bồi thường điều hành (bồi thường theo hình thức tài
chính hay phi tài chính mà một giám đốc điều hành trong một công ty nhận được sau những
đóng góp của họ cho tổ chức, có thể bao gồm tiền lương, tiền thưởng, cổ phiếu hay thưởng
hiệu suất…)
 A lucrative offer (n): lời đề nghị hấp dẫn về tiền lương
 A cap (n): sự giới hạn
NGÀY 11/05/2023
Task 1. The charts compare the number of people per household in the UK in 1981 and
2001.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make

The two stacked bar charts detail the UK’s household demographics in 1981 and 2001. The
initial impression from the chart is that 1-person and 2-person households were the
second most and the most common family classifications in both given years, and they
also experienced rises in percentages. The remaining groups made up smaller proportions
and underwent corresponding drops, with the 6-person household being the least popular
one.
In 1981, 2-person household made up 31%, ranking first among the given household type,
after which the rate underwent a mild rise to 34% in 2001. A similar picture is evident in
1-person household, with its figure accounting for 17% and thereafter rising to 26% in
2001.
Opposite patterns could be observed with regard to the remaining groups. In 1981 the
shares of 3-person, 4-person, 5-person and 6-person were 20%, 18%, 8% and 6%
respectively. Over the next 20 years, they all decreased by similar margins (of around 2-
3%) to 17%, 15%, 6% and 2%.
Task 2. Advertisements are becoming more and more common in our everyday lives. Is
it a positive or negative development?
Advertisements are growing increasingly popular in recent years, and whilst some people
are of the opinion that advertising greatly assists us in making purchase decisions, we can

also hear some others decrying ads for being annoying and misleading. In my opinion, it
has both positive and negative sides in equal measure.
There are several disadvantages inherent in advertising. Advertisements, with the advent
of the Internet, have been rising on an unprecedented scale. Pop-ups, flyers and billboards
are virtually everywhere, and since we are simply unable to avoid seeing them, such
advertising overload has been considered to be an unwelcome intrusion rather than useful
information. Furthermore, several ads attempt to tempt people into making unnecessary
purchases. Every year, many people, under the manipulation of alluring and provocative
ads, queue for the latest flagship phones, even though their old ones are still in perfectly
good condition. Discarding things when they are still of good use is a huge waste of money
and resources. There are several disadvantages inherent in advertising. Advertisements,
with the advent of the Internet, have been rising on an unprecedented scale. Pop-ups,
flyers and billboards are virtually everywhere, and since we are simply unable to avoid
seeing them, such advertising overload has been considered to be an unwelcome intrusion
rather than useful information. Furthermore, several ads attempt to tempt people into
making unnecessary purchases. Every year, many people, under the manipulation of
alluring and provocative ads, queue for the latest flagship phones, even though their old
ones are still in perfectly good condition. Discarding things when they are still of good use
is a huge waste of money and resources.
However, advertisements and commercials are instrumental in promoting a new product
to the market. Along with marketing, advertising plays a vital role in bringing fresh
products and services closer to consumers who have not heard about them. Were it not
for commercials, it would be very difficult for sellers to get their products to the market,
and for buyers to be informed of new commodities. Also, in recent years, advertising has
become very thought-provoking and educational. Messages of love, friendship, family
core values, and environmental protection that are included in some commercials have
been very well received by the audience.
In conclusion, my firm conviction is that advertising is detrimental for its intrusive and
manipulative natures, but it can be very informative and meaningful as well. Wise
consumers are those who demonstrate the ability to see through those pieces of
advertising and make sensible buying decisions.
 Inherent in: hiện hữu, là một phần của
 With the advent of: với sự ra đời của
 On an unprecedented scale: ở một quy mô chưa từng thấy
 Unwelcome intrusion: sự xâm phạm không được chào đón
 Tempt people into V-ing: dụ dỗ người ta làm gì

 Alluring/ Provocative (adj): hấp dẫn mời gọi (thường mang nghĩa xấu)
 Instrumental in: rất quan trọng
 Commodities (n): hàng hóa
 Thought-provoking (adj): gợi nhiều suy nghĩ
NGÀY 20/05/2023
Task 1. The diagrams below show the changes that have taken place ai West Park
Secondary School since its construction in 1950.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make
The maps show the development of West Park Secondary School during a 60-year span,
from 1950 to 2010.
As evidenced by the maps, the erection of a parking lot was clearly the most significant
alteration at the school. In addition, houses and farmland had completely disappeared by
2010.
The school was fairly modest in 1950, and it was situated south of the major road. In the
northwest corner, there were residential dwellings, but these were removed in 1980 to
make way for a parking space and a science block. Farmland was also demolished and
replaced with a sports field, while the southeast area’s playground remained.

Between 1980 and 2010, the car park was significantly expanded, and the sports field was
forced to relocate to the east, reducing the size of the playground. Meanwhile, the school’s
science block and main building remained its former position by the main road.
Task 2. The use of social media is replacing face-to-face interaction among many
people in society. Do you think the advantages outweigh the advantages?
Although not new in modern life, networking has attracted more and more public
attention, especially with the advent of online social networking channels. Debatable as
it is, the positive aspect of social media use as a way to supersede face-to-face
communication is somewhat superior to its downside.
Given the fact that the current world is facing an increasing number of issues, it is sensible
to believe in the dark side. Of the commonly-heard problems, the most serious of them is
the fear that the human species, to whom emotions play a crucial role, might become
robots , or emotionless machines. Sitting in front of the computer, or holding hand-held
phones, for hours surfing the internet and reading Facebook news on a daily basis, users
will sooner or later become more and more passive, ending up being couch potatoes, and
are likely to forget the usefulness of in-person interaction.
However, we need to be optimistic as social media are not that bad. They will not turn us
into machines that have no emotions. Provided that we live a healthy lifestyle with daily
workouts, social networking sites, as the term suggests, will bring us closer and closer to
one another simply because we are now living in a global village. Thousands of merits,
including making friends with people from abroad, will result.
All in all, the negatives of using social networks instead of traditional meeting and talking
appear to be overtaken by the positives. Even conservative people, mostly the old, find it
hard to reject the power of social media. It is impossible to imagine how the human species
of Homo sapiens has reached this far without social networking in the strictest sense of
the term.
 (Online) social networking channels = social media = social networking sites: mạng
xã hội
 To supersede face-to-face communication: để thay thế sự giao tiếp trực diện
 The fear that the human species might become robots: nỗi sợ là loài người có thể
trở thành những cái máy vô hồn
 Sooner or later: không sớm thì muộn
 Live a healthy lifestyle with daily workouts: sống (theo) một lối sống lành mạnh
có tập thể dục hàng ngày
 In the strictest sense of the term: theo nghĩa sát nhất của thuật ngữ này

NGÀY 27/05/2023
Task 1. The graph below shows the pollution levels in London between 1600 and 2000.
The line graph illustrates the amount of sulphur dioxide and smoke released in London from
1600 to 2000, measured in micrograms per cubic metre. The initial impression from the
chart is that the figures for both pollutants generally increased in the first three centuries,
before undergoing a decline in the remaining time, despite slight fluctuations. It is also clear
that there was a larger proportion of sulphur dioxide in the air compared to smoke in the
period shown.
Prior to 1600, the pollution levels of sulphure dioxide and smoke were non-existent.
However, the two pollutants witnessed a considerable incline, with sulphure dioxide seeing
the faster growth to over 750 cubic metres in early 1700s. The levels of sulphure dioxide
and smoke, despite an insignificant drop, saw a rise to approximately 850 and 480 cubic
metres by 1900. From that onwards, both statistics saw overall downward trends to almost
0 cubic metre after experiencing slight fluctuations. GOOD!
 Pollutant (n): Chất gây ô nhiễm

 Non-existent (adj): không tồn tại
 From that onwards (phrase): Từ đó trở đi

Task 2. Some employers believe that job applicants’ social skills are more important
than their academic qualifications. Do you agree or disagree with this opinion?
Some are of the opinion that interpersonal skills play a more significant role in applying for
job vacancies than educational background does. While academic knowledge is necessary
to a certain extent, I am more inclined toward the view that it is better for job candidates
to hone their social abilities.
It is understandable why educational qualifications are essential in job application. Backers
of this notion posit that such credentials are prerequisites in recruitment procedures
among many major companies. This appears to be because the human resources
department of these corporations would consider prioritizing candidates who acquire
outstanding technical skills given in their curriculum vitae or have certain certificates that
prove their abilities. In fact, these competencies are often mentioned in many job
descriptions posted globally as they may help recruiters have a clear view of what their job
applicants could deliver. This point has some merit on the surface. However, it ignores the
fact that qualification submission is merely an initial step which can help employers select
potential candidates and the probability of being employed is highly dependent on how
those employees can highlight their soft skills in addition to technical capabilities. Google,
a tech giant for which attracts a colossal number of applicants to work, have long been
known to conduct in-depth interviews where shortlisted candidates are required to
demonstrate their problem-solving skills and how well they can collaborate with their
colleagues. The company’s questions to check those qualities usually vary overtime and are
unpredictable, compelling interviewees to be adequately prepared. Those who can give
outstanding performance in such nerve-wracking interviews can have more chances to be
hired to work in this organization.
Nevertheless, I would side with those who contend that having excellent social skills is far
more important compared to academic knowledge. The fundamental rationale for this is
that acquiring such soft skills can provide career longevity. According to LikedIn which is
one of the most accountable platforms for job recruitment and application, a lack of soft
skills is one of the major factors that put workers at risk of being sacked after a relatively
short time of employment even though those people are academically viable. This is a
powerful testament as for why workers should hone their interpersonal abilities in order
to soar in their career. Another compelling reason is that these intangible qualities can
allow candidates to have a more competitive edge over others in job applications.
Leadership and management skills, as a matter of fact, are in high demand as such
transferable skills provide foundation on which to building other skills. In addition to those
qualities, effectively communicating and collaborating have proven useful in today’s world
where hybrid and remote work models have become prevalent. As a result, the
aforementioned abilities have become bigger priorities among large corporations, leading

to the fact that people should hone these skills in order to keep them highly employable
compared to those who solely have academic knowledge.
In conclusion, my firm conviction is that while educational attainment is needed to some
degree, obtaining soft skills is more critical to success in individuals’ career as it can offer
job security and higher probability of employment.
 Interpersonal skills: những kỹ năng giữa người với người
 Job vacancy: vị trí công việc
 Credentials: bằng cấp chuyên môn
 Prerequisites: những điều kiện tiên quyết
 Technical skills: những kỹ năng chuyên môn
 Tech giant: tập đoàn công nghệ
 Nerve-wracking interview: buổi phỏng vấn căng thẳng
 Provide career longevity: cung cấp sự đảm bảo công việc lâu dài
 Sacked: bị đuổi việc
 Intangible qualities: những phẩm chất vô hình
 hybrid and remote work models: Mô hình làm việc kết hợp từ xa
NGÀY 03/06/2023
Task 1. The table below shows the number of mobile phones and personal computers
per 1000 people in 2003 in 6 different countries.

The given table compares six countries in terms of how many people per one thousand
people owned mobile phones and personal computers in the year 2003.
Overall, Luxemburg remained the dominant country in terms of the ownership of both
mobile phones and personal computers, whereas China had the lowest numbers of people
owning both of these devices. In addition, apart from Italy and Germany, the number of
PC owners exceeded that of mobile holders.
Regarding countries with generally the highest and lowest ownership levels, Luxemburg
was the country having the majority of owners of both mobile phones and personal
computers, and their figures were relatively similar, at 872 and 900 people per thousand
people respectively. Singapore also exhibited relatively small disparities and slightly lower
ownership rates, with 684 out of every thousand people being mobile phone users and
690 out of every thousand people owning a personal computer. By contrast, few people
in China owned a personal computer and a mobile phone, with the former (88 people)
outnumbering the latter (35 people).
737 people in Italy owned a mobile phone, which was significantly higher in comparison
to the data for personal computer ownership (480 people). A difference of approximately
130 people was seen in the number of people who had a mobile phone and a personal
computer in Germany, at 586 and 452 people respectively. Finally, there were 452 people
in South Korea owning a personal computer, in contrast to 380 people with a mobile
phone.

Task 2. Some believe that younger family members should be legally responsible for
supporting older family members when they become physically, mentally and financially
unable to look after themselves.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?
It is believed that it should be made a legal responsibility for younger family members to
take care of their elderly family ones, who become physically weak and financially
disadvantaged. Although there are certain justifications for such a proposal, I disagree
with this school of thought for several reasons.
On the one hand, there are sound arguments to say that the elderly need to receive proper
care from young caregivers when they are no longer able to take care of themselves. First
of all, at this age, the general health condition of older family members, most of whom are
parents, tends to deteriorate and they may have the time but not the physical strength to
care for themselves. For aging parents residing in the countryside who have to be
hospitalized in the city center to receive long-term treatment, it is of great importance for
these old inpatients to be well looked after by their children. From a mental perspective,
if parents at an old age feel that they are being neglected, they can suffer from a sense of
loneliness, and anxiety, which could have a negative impact on their overall well-being. In
fact, there is a widespread recognition that mental support outweighs medicine when it
comes to assisting patients to make a recovery from their illnesses. On a financial level,
most parents have made sacrifices so as to invest quite a great deal of money in their
children’s education, and as a result children are expected to reciprocate such parental
devotion when their parents age.
On the other hand, I believe that the enactment of filial responsibility laws should not be
made. The first argument is that care and affection should stem from a child’s actual
willingness to look after their physically weak parents. If they are forced to do something
against their will, feelings of hostility and tension between young and old family members
can exist, which in turn detrimentally affects old people’s health, not only physically but
also mentally. Moreover, not all children have the financial resources to afford medicine
and healthcare services. Indeed, some of them, especially those who have already got
married and have babies to care for, are still financially struggling with their own family’s
lives, let alone taking care of their aging parents. Finally, it is quite unreasonable to make
filial responsibility laws legal for all households, for the reason that not all young members
used to be well raised by parents, and some might even suffer from abuse and domestic
violence.

In conclusion, while it is understandable why the younger generation should be liable to
provide proper senior care for their family members in their old age, I am of the opinion
that such an initiative should not be put into practice as personal circumstances need to
be taken into account.
 Financially disadvantaged: gặp khó khăn về tài chính
 Caregiver (n): người chăm sóc
 Deteriorate (v): suy giảm, làm cho tệ hơn
 Neglect (v): phớt lờ
 Widespread recognition: sự công nhận rộng rãi
 Reciprocate (v): đáp lại
 Enactment (n): việc thi thành
 Filial responsibility law (n): luật về trách nhiệm hiếu thảo
 Against one’s will: chống lại ý chí của 1 người
 Financially struggle with: vật lộn về tài chính
 Domestic violence: bạo lực gia đình
 Personal circumstances: tình huống cá nhân
NGÀY 10/06/2023
Task 1: The tables and pie chart show in percentage terms of the results of a survey of a
new shopping complex in Auckland, New Zealand.

The provided tables and pie chart illustrate the proportion of the satisfaction survey results
conducted in a new shopping complex in Auckland, New Zealand. The statistics are
categorized based on gender and three distinct aspects: shops, restaurants, and overall
design. At first glance, a substantial majority of customers are either satisfied or very
satisfied with their experiences at the mentioned establishment. [good start]
45% of male respondents express satisfaction with the quality of the shops, while 17% of
them report an even higher level of satisfaction. At the same time, over two-thirds of
female respondents state that they are either satisfied or quite satisfied. By contrast,
dissatisfaction is voiced by one-fifth of both male and female participants. [generally well
written]
As for the restaurants, more than half of the male respondents are satisfied, with one in
four expressing extreme contentment. The proportion expressing dissatisfaction with the
restaurant quality is negligible, at only 5%. In comparison, the percentage of dissatisfied
females is slightly less than one-fourth. A small number of participants refrain from
commenting on the quality of both the shops and restaurants, ranging from 9% to 20% for
both genders.
In terms of the shopping complex's design, more than 60% of respondents express
satisfaction, while exactly 17% report being very content with it. Approximately one in ten
participants do not provide any comments on the design, and a similar proportion of
individuals express dissatisfaction.
[this is a great response!]
 Respondent (n): người phản hồi

 To voice your satisfaction/dissatisfaction: nêu lên sự hài lòng/bất mãn
 Negligible (adj): nhỏ lẻ, không đáng đề cập
 Refrain from s.t: từ chối, kiềm chế không làm điều gì đó
NGÀY 24/06/2023
Task 1. The table shows the amount of oil produced everyday in Nigeria Chad, Congo and
Somalia during a 5-year-period, from 2000 to 2004.
The table compares the number of oil barrels produced daily in 4 African countries between
2000 and 2005.
A glance at the graph provided indicates that each country experienced different
production trend in this period, resulting in the volatility of the region’s overall output.
Chad, however, stood out the most as the country with biggest growth rate in oil
production despite being the smallest producer most of the time.
Looking first at the two major producers, in 2000, Congo’s production was at 275 thousand
barrels per day (tb/d), which was nearly half as much as that of Nigeria, at just 205 tb/d. In
the next 4 years, Congo’s production output slipped by more than a quarter to just 203
tb/d while that of Nigeria was broadly unchanged amid some fluctuations, dethroning
Congo as the largest producer in the process.

Turning to less significant producers, Somalia’s output in 2000 was negligible at merely 5
tb/d. Nevertheless, production rose 10 fold in the next 4 years, establishing the country as
a sizable oil producer in the region. Chad, on the other hand, had had no oil production
until 2003 when their initial capacity stood at 8 tb/d. In 2004, this figure would become a
robust 50 tb/d however.
 Barrel (n): thùng
 Glance (n): cái nhìn
 Indicate (n): cho thấy
 Growth rate (n): tốc độ tăng trưởng
 Major producer (n): nhà sản xuất lớn
 Slip (v): trượt dốc
 A quarter (n): một phần tư
 Broadly unchanged (adj): nhìn chung không đổi
 Amid (prep): trong bối cảnh
 Dethrone (v): tước ngôi
 Output (n): sản lượng
 Negligible (adj): không đáng kể
 Merely (adv): chỉ
 Sizable (adj): đáng kể
 Capacity (n): công suất
 Robust (adj): lớn đáng kể
Task 2. Nowadays, more and more people decide to have children later in their life. What
are the reasons for this? Do the advantages of this outweigh disadvantages?
In today’s world, it has been observed that people across all social milieu do not have
childbearing intentions until much later in their life. This phenomenon stems from several
factors and in my opinion, is generally a negative development.
Several factors can be attributed to the decision to delay childbearing but the biggest one
has always been financial concerns. Child-rearing is a costly process involving astronimical
expenditures from food, education, child care to clothing and many other miscellaneous
expenses. Such spending does not stop when the child reaches maturity but usually
continues well until he or she graduates from higher education institutions. This explains
why couples nowadays tend to wait until one or both of them have become well-
established in their career since it gives them a sense of financial stability. Loss of freedom,
though not as significant, is also another underlying factor. People now have burning
desires for novelty. Many aspire to travel the world, meet new people and broaden their
horizon, all of which are not achievable should they become parents and thus, many simply
decide to postpone the task for the later stage in their life.

Admittedly, having children latter enables parents to be better prepared both in terms of
knowledge and finance. Raising a baby is not a simple task since parents needs to be
equipped with lots of knowledge such as baby sitting, nutrition, psychology and so on so
that they can successfully raise their kids. A strong financial foundation is also required to
bring up a well-rounded child. These factors are more strongly present in older parents.
Having said that, mothers having children late in life are often blamed for miscarriages,
birth defects from chromosomal issues and the child’s poor overall heath due to their
significantly lower fertility rate, hence their poor chance of conceiving a healthy baby. Such
problem far exceeds any benefits that having a child late in life can bring about since it can
result in a lifetime of suffering for the child, disregarding all the aforementioned
advantages.
In conclusion, although the reasons behind couples having children later in their life are
best explained by their financial worries and desire for freedom, the disadvantages of this
trend still overshadow its advantages.
 Social milieu (n): tầng lớp xã hội
 Childbearing intention (n): mong muốn có con
 Child-rearing (n): việc nuôi lớn con cái
 Astronomical (adj): to khủng khiếp
 Maturity (n): trưởng thành
 Well-established (n): vững chắc
 Novelty (n): sự mới lạ
 Aspire (v): khao khát
 Well-rounded (n): toàn diện
 Miscarriage (n): ca sảy thai
 Birth defect (n): dị tật bẩm sinh
 Chromosomal issue (n): vấn đề về nhiễm sắc thể
 Conceive (v): thụ thai
 Exceed (v): vượt qua
 Suffering (n): sự thống khổ
 Disregard (v): làm cho mất đi tính quan trọng
NGÀY 01/07/2023
Task 1. The chart below shows the percentage of male and female teachers in six different
types of educational setting in the UK in 2010.

The bar chart delineates the proportion of teaching staff in both genders within six different
academic settings in the UK in 2010. Overall, there was the widest discrepancy in the
percentage of teachers in nursery and elementary levels. It is also worth highlighting that ,
women constituted a higher proportion of staff in lower educational levels while the
opposite was true for tertiary education, except for College.
In terms of lower educational levels, there were the largest proportion of female teachers
working for Nursery/Pre-school and Primary school, with their figures amounting to nearly
90%. In contrast, men accounted for a mere 10% in these sectors. The gender gap, however,
was less pronounced in secondary schools, with slightly over 40% for men and 50% for
women.
When it comes to tertiary education, the figures for male and female teaching staff who
worked in College were at around 50% each. More male mentors were employed in Private
Training Institutes than female ones, with nearly 60% the former and around 40% for the
latter. A similar picture is evident in University where there were approximately 70% of
male lecturers, compared to only a third for females.
 Tertiary education: Giáo dục bậc ba
 Lower educational levels: Các bậc giáo dục thấp hơn
 Mentor : giảng viên, người hướng dẫn
 Less pronounced: Ít đáng kể hơn

Task 2. People think that old buildings should be knocked down and give way to modern
buildings. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Some are of the opinion that ancient structures should be demolished to make way for
modern infrastructure. I completely disagree with the given standpoint as this practice
can adversely impact the environment and historical buildings can help promote local
tourism.
The first rationale for my disagreement is that demolishing old buildings and replacing them
with new ones can exert a negative impact on the environment. These buildings, in fact,
are mainly constructed using concrete which is considered to contain a large amount of
cement which has a massive carbon footprint. Therefore, there would be an excessive
amount of CO2 released to the atmosphere if we mindlessly pull old buildings down.
Additionally, the construction of new buildings is a great contributor to global warming.
The Royal Institute of Charter Surveyor – one of the most respected and high profile global
organisations for construction and environmental issues has estimated that almost 40% of
the lifecycle carbon of a typical office development is emitted even before the building is
opened. They also proved that bricks and steels used for erecting new buildings can cause
vast amounts of CO2, with cement alone causing about 8% of global emissions.
Another justification for my argument is that some historical buildings play a vital role in
the development of local tourism. It is obvious that such buildings have held cultural and
historical values as they embody architectural styles specific to an era and allow tourists
to envision what life was like in the past. To those who are interested in exploring a new
location, historic sites can have an allure to them that newer buildings cannot replicate.
This means that the more old buildings maintaining cultural identity are kept within the
local area, the higher the number of tourists will likely be. This means that such
indispensable cultural relics can potentially boost the growth of the tourism industry.
In conclusion, I contend that deconstruction policies on old buildings to make room for
modernized facilities should not be adopted as it can detrimentally affect the environment
and local tourism can be significantly boosted through the sustainability of those buildings.
 Demolish: dỡ bỏ, phá huỷ
 Modern infrastructure: cơ sở hạ tầng hiện đại
 A massive carbon footprint: lượng khí thải carbon lớn
 Global warming: sự nóng lên toàn cầu
 Erect: xây dựng
 Hold cultural and historical values: mang các giá trụ văn hoá và lịch sử
 Embody architectural styles: chưa đựng những phong cách kiến trúc
 Cultural relics: di vật văn hoá

Task 2. More and more people are becoming seriously overweight. Some people say that
the price increase of fattening foods will solve this problem. To what extent do you agree
or disagree?
Obesity rates have been steadily rising, raising concerns about the overall well-being of
individuals. To address this issue, some argue that increasing the price of high-calorie foods
would provide a solution. I believe that this approach is insufficient at best.
On one hand, raising the price of fattening foods can certainly produce a positive impact
on curbing the obesity epidemic. It is quite obvious that excessive consumption is mostly
traced back to the availability and affordability of unhealthy food options. By increasing the
price of these items, individuals will be deterred from frequent purchases, as higher price
generally leads to reduced demand. Consequently, this measure may encourage people to
make healthier food choices, which usually include fruits, vegetables, whole grains and lean
meats, leading to a reduction in obesity rates. [well reasoned]
On the other hand, there are limitations to the effectiveness of price manipulation, mostly
concerning the equality in its application. The socio-economic factor plays a crucial role
here, as individuals from lower-income backgrounds may still find it challenging to afford
healthier alternatives. Additionally, price increase alone fails to address the root causes of
obesity, such as the lack of education on nutrition and limited access to exercise facilities.
Therefore, solely relying on price hikes may not yield comprehensive and long-lasting
results. [there’s virtually nothing to comment - everything’s good]
From my perspective, while raising the price of fattening foods can be a step in the right
direction [great collocation], it is crucial to supplement it with other comprehensive
measures. Public awareness campaigns on healthy eating habits and the importance of
regular exercise should be implemented on a national scale. Moreover, the government
must spare no effort to improve the accessibility and affordability of nutritious food
options, particularly in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas. Combining these
initiatives with price increases can create a more holistic approach to combating obesity.
In conclusion, although raising the price of high-calorie foods may discourage their
consumption and have some positive effects on reducing obesity rates, it should not be
considered a standalone solution. A multi-faceted approach that includes education,
accessibility and affordability of healthier food choices is necessary for long-term success.
 Curbing the obesity epidemic: đẩy lùi bệnh béo phì

 Price manipulation: thao túng giá cả
 To yield results: mang lại kết quả
 Socioeconomically disadvantaged areas: vùng kinh tế xã hội khó khăn
 A more holistic/multi-faceted approach: hướng tiếp cận/giải pháp toàn diện

NGÀY 06/07/2023
Task 1. The bar charts below show the performance of a bus company in terms of
punctuality, both actual and target (what actually happened compared to what the
company was trying to achieve), and the number of complaints and passengers.
The bar charts present target and actual statistics about the punctuality of a bus company
and the number of complaints made by its passengers between 1999 and 2003.
Overall, the percentage of journeys arriving on time was always lower than the target
percentage, except for the final year. Additionally, customer dissatisfaction with the
company generally increased over the period.
The punctuality goal tended to follow a pattern of remaining unchanged for two years
before being marginally lowered in the third year. Specifically, the proportion of punctual
services was 86% in 1999-2000, 85% in 2001-2002, and fell by approximately 0.5% at the
end. Similarly, the actual punctuality rate also repeatedly saw a drop before experiencing
a climb throughout the period. Starting at 85%, it subsequently hit a trough of 82% after

one year, resulting in the most significant discrepancy between the target and actual data.
The actual proportion continued to fluctuate until almost reaching the initial point in 2003.
Regarding customer feedback, the number of complaints received by the company's staff
per thousand passenger journeys was 70 in 1999. Despite a decrease in 2001, this number
grew significantly by 50 complaints in 2003.
 Follow a pattern (v): theo một khuôn mẫu
 Be marginally lowered: được hạ thấp hơn một chút
 The actual punctuality rate (n): tỷ lệ đúng giờ thực tế
 Discrepancy (n): sự chênh lệch
Task 2. Many students find it difficult to concentrate or pay attention at school. What are
the reasons? What could be done to solve this problem?
Many students appear to have increasingly shorter attention spans and find it challenging
to fully focus on their lessons in class. There are several factors contributing to this issue,
which can be addressed by implementing feasible measures.
One of the main contributors to dwindling attention spans among students is the growing
influence of social media. According to recent reports, students comprise a significant
percentage of registered users on platforms like Facebook, YouTube, and TikTok. These
platforms are notorious for their algorithms that collect real-time data to track users'
habits and preferences, resulting in extended online time. This creates a habit of constantly
checking social network applications and makes it difficult for students to concentrate on
their studies without being interrupted by notifications. Moreover, becoming accustomed
to a constant stream of sensational and short content undermines the ability to maintain
attention since their brains are conditioned to receive constant stimulation.
Although many schools have implemented regulations banning or restricting phone use on
campus, this has not been very effective due to inadequate resources for effective
enforcement. However, with the help of technological aids such as surveillance cameras
and increased personnel, this solution is likely to prove effective. Parental involvement
also plays a vital role in addressing these issues. It is often parents who provide their
children with technological devices but fail to supervise their usage. Setting limitations on
children's access to certain applications at specific times can help bring them back from the
virtual world and improve their concentration on real-life tasks.
In conclusion, social networking sites are primarily responsible for students' inability to
focus and pay attention. Cooperation between educators and parents is crucial in resolving
this phenomenon.
 A registered user (n): người dùng đã đăng ký
 An algorithm (n): thuật toán
 Track users' habits and preferences (v): theo dõi thói quen và sở thích của người dùng

 Sensational (adj): gây sốc
 Condition (v): làm cho ai đó trở nên quen với một thứ gì đó hoặc có thói quen làm
điều đó
 Effective enforcement (n): sự thực thi hiệu quả
 Parental involvement (n): sự tham gia của phụ huynh
 Set limitations on (v): đặt giới hạn lên việc gì
NGÀY 22/07/2023
Task 1. The bar chart illustrates the number of people in the UK eating more than 5
portions of vegetables and fish per day.
The given chart gives information about the proportion of women, men and children in the
UK who consumed more than five portions of vegetables and fish daily in seven consecutive
years from 2011.
The bar chart shows the percentage of women, men and children in the UK who ate more
than five servings of vegetables and fish per day from 2011 to 2017. It reveals that women
had the highest consumption of these foods in every year, while children had the lowest. It
also indicates that all three groups increased their intake over time, with some
fluctuations.

Exactly 20% of the women ate more than five portions of vegetables and fish in the first
three years. This number thereafter soared to around 37% in 2016, before experiencing a
drop to 30% in 2017. The proportion of men started at roughly 17% and climbed gradually
to just above 25%, despite a drop to approximately 23% in 2016.
Beginning at a much lower position compared to the other groups, the figure of children
grew from 10% to about 14% in the first year, after which it fluctuated slightly and reached
15% in 2017.
 Consecutive years (n): những năm liên tiếp
 Serving (n): phần ăn
 Soar (v): tăng mạnh
 Roughly (adv): khoảng, xấp xỉ
Task 2. Some people argue that we should do research into their family history. Others
agree with the view that we should focus on the present and future generations. Discuss
both views and give your own opinion.
Some individuals hold the belief that people should trace their ancestral line. However,
others are opposed to this idea, saying that the present and future generations are more
important, and therefore should be prioritized. This essay discusses both of these
perspectives, and then I will give my own perspective on the matter.
I can understand why genealogy research may be advantageous in terms of preventing
diseases and finding lost family members. It is true that medical knowledge gained from
records about ancestors could be highly beneficial in tracking diseases running in a family.
This is because a majority of illnesses like cancer, cardiovascular diseases and mental
disorders are hereditary, and therefore, collecting family medical information could show
any potential health risk a person is facing. Apart from the health benefits, researching
about the collateral line of a family allows a person to find their distant relatives. This
could be life-changing for those who have lost family members in unfortunate situations
such as wars.
However, it is my belief that dedicating resources to genealogy research is often a misuse
of valuable assets, and we should prioritize the current and future generations for the
betterment of society. On an individual level, exploring the past can be a costly and time-
consuming endeavor, with exorbitant fees charged by skilled genealogists. Instead, those
funds could be better invested in nurturing the academic growth of future generations,
paving the way for groundbreaking discoveries in various fields. By focusing on guiding
and educating the youth, we can ensure a morally upright society that contributes
positively to the world's development.

In conclusion, both perspectives hold merits, but I firmly advocate for prioritizing the
present and future over genealogy research. While ancestry investigations are essential
for those with specific reasons, such as finding lost relatives or tracking unidentifiable
diseases, our attention should primarily be directed towards shaping a prosperous and
ethical society. By investing in the education and development of future generations, we
can foster progress and prosperity for generations to come.
 Ancestral line (n): dòng dõi tổ tiên
 Prioritize (n): ưu tiên
 Genealogy (n): gia phả học
 Cardiovascular diseases (n): bệnh tim mạch
 Hereditary (adj): di truyền
 Distant relatives (n): họ hàng xa
 Life-changing (adj): mang tính thay đổi cuộc đời
 Dedicate (v): cống hiến
 Asset (n): tài sản
 Endeavor (n): nỗ lực
 Exorbitant (adj): đắt đỏ
 Skilled genealogists (n): nhà phả hệ học có tay nghề
 Groundbreaking (adj): đột phá
 Prosperous (adj): thịnh vượng
NGÀY 29/07/2023
Task 1. The maps below show the changes of a community center in 10 years time.

The maps illustrate changes that have taken place in a community center over a period of
10 years. Overall, the community center has undergone a number of modifications, the
most significant of which are the disappearance of most offices and the addition of
amenities catering for recreational purposes.
Regarding changes in the middle of the map, a hall with a capacity of 100 people, which
used to occupy a large area in the centre, remains unchanged, while the facilities to the
north and south of it saw major developments. In particular, in terms of the former, there
used to be a storage room, but this area has been redeveloped into another storage room
whose size reduces by a half and toilets, which are adjacent to it. As for the latter, no
changes have been made to the cloakroom with a reception area, whereas an office was
constructed, replacing the toilets and the coffee bar.
The area on the west and east side of the community center witnessed two primary
changes, with the garden in the north-west corner being converted into an indoor sports
center, and the four offices and storage room to the south of them being combined and
transformed into a spacious cafe area. Finally, a parking space for cars and a kitchen area,
which were situated to the left and right of the hall respectively, have remained the same
throughout the 10-year period.
 Undergo modifications: Trải qua sự thay đổi, sửa đổi
 Catering for recreational purposes: Cung cấp các tiện ích phục vụ cho mục đích giải
trí
 Saw major developments: Chứng kiến những thay đổi, phát triển quan trọng

 Redeveloped into: Tái phát triển, xây dựng lại thành cái gì đó khác
 Witnessed primary changes: Chứng kiến những thay đổi chính, quan trọng nhất
Task 2. The use of mobile phones is as antisocial as smoking. Smoking is banned in certain
places so mobile phones should be banned like smoking. To what extent do you agree or
disagree?
Sample Essay (Band 6.0)

Some argue that using mobile phones is similar to smoking, being annoying and harmful
to society. While there are reasons to support a ban on phones, I disagree with this view.
Supporters of the ban claim that both mobile phones and smoking have negative social
consequences, leading to reduced human interaction and feelings of isolation. Phone
users, like addicted smokers, focus on virtual relationships, ignoring those around them.
Additionally, phone usage in social settings can cause inattentiveness and disrupt
conversations, affecting others' experiences.
However, I believe a complete ban on mobile phones is unreasonable. Phones serve
essential functions like entertainment, information access, and emergency
communication. Banning them would create difficulties and distress, especially in
emergencies. Instead, the government should educate people about responsible phone
use through awareness campaigns and establish phone-free zones in public places to
encourage face-to-face interactions.
While addressing the negative aspects of mobile phone use is important, a total ban is not
the best solution. Encouraging responsible phone usage can strike a balance in society.

It is thought that using mobile phones bears a similarity to smoking in that both of these
behaviors are annoying and harmful to society in general, which explains why there is an
opinion that people should be prohibited from the use of these digital devices. Although
there are certain justifications for such a proposal, I disagree with this school of thought
for several reasons.
On the one hand, there are certain arguments in favor of a ban imposed on the use of
mobile phones. To begin with, both mobile phones and smoking share some negative
social consequences, as they are both associated with reduced human interaction and
consequently feelings of isolation and detachment from the surrounding environment.

This is because mobile phone users tend to devote most of their time to surfing social
media or forming virtual relationships, ignoring those around them, which is quite similar
to smokers who are addicted to their cigarettes. Another explanation is that mobile phone
usage in social situations, such as at meeting points, galleries, theaters or restaurants, can
lead to inattentiveness and distraction. People who are engrossed in their phones do not
display active participation in conversations, which would be responsible for
disengagement, misunderstanding and potential conflicts in worst-case scenarios. Besides
being a source of distraction, the intrusive sounds from mobile phones may disturb and
ruin the experience of others while they are concentrating in the aforementioned public
places.
On the other hand, I am of the opinion that placing a complete ban on mobile phones
would seem to be unreasonable. This firstly stems from the fact that mobile phones cater
for a variety of crucial functions, varying from entertainment, information access to
emergency communication. This means that a complete ban would make it hard for most
people to carry out their daily life’s activities effectively, and especially would result in
great difficulties and distress in case of emergencies. Instead of enforcing an outright
prohibition of mobile phone usage, the government should place emphasis on striving
towards an environment in which the public are educated to be responsible phone users.
For instance, a publicity campaign can be held to raise people’s awareness of limiting their
phone use and engaging in more meaningful face-to-face interactions. It is also essential
that the government encourage the establishment of designated phone-free zones in
certain public places so that people can refrain from using these handheld devices, and
thus are able to stay focused and engaged.
In conclusion, while it is understandable why the use of mobile phones can be considered
as anti-social behaviour and should be discouraged, I am of the opinion that rather than
imposing a total ban, the government should promote responsible phone usage.
 Bears a similarity to: có sự tương đồng hoặc giống nhau với
 Ban imposed on: sự cấm hoặc hạn chế đối với
 Reduced human interaction: giảm sự tương tác giữa con người
 Inattentiveness (n): thiếu tập trung hoặc tập trung không đúng
 Disengagement (n): hành động rút lui hoặc tách rời
 Enforcement (n): sự thi hành hoặc áp dụng một quy tắc hoặc luật lệ
 Refrain from Ving: tránh hoặc kiêng cữ sử dụng

NGÀY 12/08/2023
Task 1. The table below shows the percentage of the population by age groups in one
town who rode bicycles in 2011.
The table gives information about the percentage of men and women of different ages
who engaged in a bicycle-riding activity in a specific town in the year 2011. Overall, in all
age groups, males outnumbered women in riding bicycles, with the highest participation
rates of both genders being recorded in the age group under 9. In addition, the figures
decreased significantly with age, although there was evidence of this trend reversing in
the oldest age category.
Regarding age groups with a larger proportion of participants, the youngest age group was
the dominant one, with 51.3% of the 0- to 9-year-old females taking part in this activity
compared to 50.3% of males. However, from the age of 10 to 17 onwards, the numbers
saw a decline, and a significant difference of approximately 20% was witnessed in the
percentages of males and females who participated in a bike ride, which were 42.2% and
24.6% respectively.

In terms of the remaining older age groups, the older participants generally rode bicycles
less than their younger counterparts. The percentage of males aged over 60 who engaged
in this activity (18.5%) overtook the corresponding figures for men aged 18-39 (17.1%)
and 40-59 (12.3%). A similar pattern was seen in the opposite gender, whose participation
rate in the oldest age bracket accounted for 13.2%, as opposed to 9.7% and 8% of women
who fell into the age groups of 18-39 and 40-59 respectively.
 Engaged in (v): Tham gia vào
 Outnumber (v): Vượt trội hơn về số lượng
 Participation rates: Tỷ lệ tham gia
 Reverse (v): Đảo ngược lại
 Corresponding figures: Dữ liệu tương ứng
Task 2. The best way to reduce poverty in developing countries is by giving up to six years
of free education, so that they can at least read, write and use numbers. To what extent
do you agree or disagree?

Providing free education for up to six years is believed to be an effective way to alleviate
poverty in developing nations. This approach has its merits, but it may not be the ultimate
solution to address the serious issue of poverty.
Education has the potential to help reduce poverty. By offering vocational training, people
can acquire skills needed for better job prospects. A well-educated workforce can
contribute to a country's economy and break the cycle of poverty. Education is also
important for empowering marginalized groups, like women, who lack access to
education. With education, they can improve not only their literacy skills but also critical
thinking and leadership abilities, enabling them to participate in society and voice their
opinions.
However, offering education alone might not fully solve poverty. Basic necessities like
shelter, food, and healthcare are fundamental before educational opportunities can be
effective. Without these, individuals cannot engage in learning effectively. Moreover, the
quality of education matters. Rote memorization should be avoided in favor of practical
skills and soft skills. Also, funding free education is a significant challenge that requires
international cooperation and assistance.

While providing free education is an important step, it may not be the sole solution for
poverty in developing nations. Addressing poverty requires considering basic needs,
improving education quality, and collaborating with developed countries. In essence, a
comprehensive approach is necessary to effectively combat poverty.

It is thought that in order for poverty in developing countries to be alleviated, a free
provision of 6-year education to equip citizens with basic literacy and numeracy skills is
the most effective method. While this approach can work to a certain extent, it is by no
means the best solution there is to deal with the alarming issue of poverty.
On the one hand, there are sound reasons to argue that education can contribute to the
mitigation of impoverishment. This firstly stems from the fact that educational initiatives,
especially those in the form of vocational training, can equip individuals with necessary
skills and knowledge to get access to better employment opportunities. A well-educated
workforce would, in turn, contribute to the economic sustainability of a country, and is
likely to break the poverty cycle as a result. Another explanation is that education has an
important role to play in empowering individuals, especially women and groups being
marginalized by discriminatory practices, who cannot escape from poverty due to lack of
access to education. With education, they can enhance not only their ability to read and
write, but also sharpen their critical thinking, leadership and decision-making skills, all of
which potentially allow the underprivileged the power to take up space in society, the
ability to voice their opinions, and eventually would be able to improve their country’s
state of well-being.
On the other hand, I am of the opinion that offering education alone cannot tackle the
problem of poverty holistically, and there are several more important factors to be taken
into account. To begin with, basic human necessities, including shelter, food and
healthcare must be guaranteed first before any considerations can be given to educational
opportunities. Without having access to these immediate needs, individuals cannot fully
engage in education and the benefits of the proposal can be limited. Additionally, besides
widespread accessibility, the quality of education cannot pale into insignificance.
Education should stay away from rote memorization, like what has long been observed in
the education system in many developing countries. Instead, such a system should ensure
the teaching of relevant job-related skills, crucial soft skills and promote the
empowerment of an individual. Finally, free education is a massive undertaking that
cannot be carried out just by the domestic government. In other words, cooperation from

developed countries and international aid are essential for comprehensively addressing
the issue of poverty.
In conclusion, while it is understandable why offering free education is an essential first
step, it might not be the only way to combat poverty in developing nations. Tackling
poverty is a complex issue which requires the offer of basic human needs, the quality of
education offered and the collaboration of advanced countries.
 Alleviate (v): Giảm nhẹ, làm dịu đi

 Mitigation (n): Sự giảm nhẹ, làm dịu
 Impoverishment (n): Sự nghèo khó
 Vocational training: Đào tạo nghề
 Marginalize (v): Bị cách biệt, bị xem thường
 Empowerment (n): Sự cấp quyền, trao quyền
 Sustainability (n): Sự bền vững
 Holistically (adv): Toàn diện, tổng thể
 Rote memorization (n): Học vẹt, học thuộc lòng
NGÀY 19/08/2023
Task 1. The line graph below shows the production of paper, wood pulp and sawn-wood
in the UK from 1980 to 2000.

The line graph illustrates how much paper and packaging, wood pulp and sawn-wood were
produced in the UK between 1980 and 2000.
Overall, there was a dramatic increase in paper and packaging production in the UK,
especially in the latter half of the period, while a falling trend can be seen in that of sawn-
wood compared to wood pulp whose production fluctuated slightly. Additionally, paper
and packaging was consistently the dominant category/material produced in the UK.
The amount of paper and packaging produced in the UK started at about 240 million
tonnes, after which it saw a slight increase to 250 million tonnes ten years later. Opposite
patterns can be seen in the figures for wood pulp and sawn-wood, which decreased from
200 and 165 million tonnes respectively to exactly 150 million tonnes in 1990.
From 1990 to 2000, the amount of paper and packaging which the UK manufactured rose
significantly, reaching 350 million tonnes. The manufacture of wood pulp saw similar
changes, albeit at a much lower rate, growing to roughly 160 million tons. By contrast,
the production of sawn-wood continued its downward trend, and by the final year it had
fallen to approximately 125 million tonnes.
 In the latter half of the period: vào nửa giai đoạn sau

 Consistently (adv): luôn luôn
 Dominant (adj): chủ đạo
 Opposite patterns: khuynh hướng ngược lại
 Albeit (adv): mặc dù
Task 2. The increase in the production of consumer goods results in damage to the
natural environment. What are the causes of this? What can be done to solve this
problem?

The rising production of consumer goods has negative effects on the environment. This
can be due to several factors, and solutions can be proposed to lessen these impacts.
There are two main reasons why the increased manufacturing of consumer goods harms
the environment. Firstly, as these products are consumed, the waste they create can
accumulate, leading to landfills and groundwater pollution unless proper disposal and
recycling methods are implemented. The environmental damage also results from the high
energy demands in the production process, often fueled by non-renewable sources like
fossil fuels. This leads to air pollution from greenhouse emissions and exacerbates
resource depletion.
Various strategies can address these issues. Incorporating green design into products can
reduce waste by using degradable materials and ensuring recyclability and reusability.
Raising consumer awareness is essential; educating them about the environmental
consequences of their choices and supporting eco-conscious companies can curb
consumerism and promote reusable products. Additionally, industries should adopt eco-
friendly manufacturing practices by utilizing green technologies and renewable energy
sources to decrease energy consumption and emissions.
In conclusion, while the increased production of consumer goods generates waste,
polluted air, and resource depletion, environmental degradation can be mitigated by
integrating sustainable design, promoting consumer awareness, and adopting eco-friendly
production methods.

An increasing number of consumer goods being produced have negative impacts on
environmental sustainability. This could be attributed to a number of factors, and some
viable solutions can be put forward in order to mitigate the adverse influences.
There are two main explanations as to why surge in consumer goods manufacturing does
damage to the natural environment. The first reason is that upon being consumed, the
wasted products would contribute to a significant amount of waste, which would take up
landfills sites and be responsible for fresh groundwater pollution unless these discarded
products undergo proper disposal and recycling procedures. Such damage to the natural
environment could also stem from the fact that considerable energy inputs, which are
often obtained from the use of non-renewable energy sources in the form of fossil fuels,
are required during the manufacturing process. This could be associated with air pollution
due to harmful greenhouse emissions resulting from the combustion of these
unsustainable energy sources, and at the same time the alarming issue of resource
depletion caused by over-exploitation.
There are a number of strategies which can be employed to tackle these aforementioned
matters. One solution is for business owners to incorporate green design into their
products. In other words, the products need to be made from degradable packaging, have
ease of recycling and the quality of being reusable, which possibly reduces the amount of
waste generated. This could also be tackled by promoting consumer awareness and
behaviour. This means that consumers ought to be educated about the environmental
effects of their choices, support companies that encourage sustainable business practices,
avoid consumerism and favor reusable products over disposable ones. In order to address
the issues of resource depletion and air contamination, industries should adopt
environmentally-friendly manufacturing practices, which could involve the use of green
technologies and renewable sources of energy to reduce energy consumption and
emissions.
In conclusion, although it is clear that the escalating production of consumer goods result
in the generation of a considerable amount of waste, polluted air and a faster consumption
of resources, environmental degradation can be alleviated by integrating sustainable
design into the products, raising consumers’ awareness of their buying behaviors, and
investing in more eco-friendly production methods.
 Environmental sustainability: Bền vững môi trường
 Mitigate (v): Giảm bớt, làm dịu bớt
 Surge (v): Sự gia tăng đột ngột
 Waste products: Rác thải
 Landfill sites: Bãi rác

 Fresh groundwater pollution: Ô nhiễm nước ngầm sạch
 Non-renewable energy sources: Nguồn năng lượng không tái tạo
 Green design: Thiết kế xanh
 Degradable packaging: Bao bì phân hủy được
 Recycle (v): Tái chế
 Consumer awareness (n): Nhận thức của người tiêu dùng
 Sustainable business practices: Thực hành kinh doanh bền vững
 Resource depletion (n): Cạn kiệt tài nguyên
 Eco-friendly manufacturing practices: Thực hành sản xuất thân thiện với môi
trường
NGÀY 26/08/2023
Task 1. The diagram below shows the development of the cutting tool in the Stone Age.

The given diagrams depict the development of a Stone Age cutting tool between 1.4
million years ago and 0.8 million years ago.
In general, over the given time frame, the Stone Age cutting tool has been refined from a
simple fragmented piece of rock to a sharper, more sophisticated one.
The cutting tool from 1.4 million years ago was a jagged piece of rock with no identifiable
shape. Its front and back side were somewhat asymmetric, and looking at the rear view,
we can see that the tool was thick, and its edge was quite blunt. The overall length of the
tool was about 7-8 centimeters.
Further refinement was made to the 0.8-million-year-old stone cutting tool. The tool was
2-3 centimeters longer, and it was shaped to more or less resemble a primitive, teardrop-
shaped knife that was quite rough in the front and rather smooth in the back. The tip of

the tool was pointed, and its edge appeared to be relatively sharp compared to its earlier,
1.4-million-year-old version.
 Depict (v): khắc họa, mô tả
 Refine (v): ⇒ refinement được điều chỉnh cho tốt hơn
 Fragmented (adj): bị phân mảnh, thành mảnh nhỏ
 Sophisticated (adj): tinh xảo, tinh vi
 Jagged (adj): gồ ghề
 Asymmetric (adj): bất đối xứng, không đối xứng
 Blunt (adj): cùn, lụt
 Resemble (v): trông giống như
 Primitive (adj): sơ khai
 Teardrop-shaped (adj): hình giọt nước
Task 2. Nowadays, the number of obese children is increasing at an alarming rate. What
are some of the causes of this increase and how can the problem be solved?
The number of children who are suffering from obesity can be said to have reached
epidemic proportions. So, what are the factors behind this obesity epidemic, and how can
it be brought under control. This essay will attempt to answer these pressing questions.
Firstly, it seems that a significant amount of blame can be given to poor diet combined
with the marketing of unhealthy food toward young people. Children’s diets often consist
of junk food, such as potato chips and candy, which is not only low in nutrients but also
high in calories. This dietary issue is also compounded by the fact that these kinds of food
are often marketed directly at children with fun cartoon mascots and bright colours that
are designed to attract children’s attention.
Another undeniable reason is a sedentary lifestyle. Children in the modern world tend to
lead lives that are shockingly inactive compared to their predecessors. Much of their time
is spent sitting in front of a screen, whether it be television, a computer, or a smartphone.
In fact, studies have shown that children in urban environments tend to get only two hours
of exercise per week compared to two hours per day just a generation ago.
Nevertheless, through concerted action by parents and governments, this worrying
situation can be alleviated. In terms of diet, parents need to play a greater role in
controlling what their children eat. For the government’s part, they can introduce
legislation restricting the promotion of unhealthy food to children. Similarly, parents need
to make a greater effort to ensure their children are getting sufficient exercise on a daily
basis, while the government can launch some kind of ‘stay active’ health campaigns.

Overall, the rise in the number of obese children is certainly worrying, especially and kids
are a vulnerable part of the population. However, by taking some simple practical steps,
we can help to make sure that the next generation grows up healthy and strong.
 Suffer from obesity: Mắc bệnh béo phì

 Obesity epidemic: Nạn béo phì
 Poor diet: Chế độ ăn uống nghèo nàn
 Low in nutrients: Ít chất dinh dưỡng
 High in calories: Chứa nhiều năng lượng
 Dietary issue: Vấn đề về chế độ ăn
 Sedentary lifestyle: Lối sống bị động
 Inactive (adj): Kém năng động
 Sufficient exercise: Vận động đầy đủ
 Health campaign: Chiến dịch vì sức khỏe




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NGÀY 06/05/2023 .......................................................................................................... 5

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 Pollutant (n): Chất gây ô nhiễm

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 Respondent (n): người phản hồi

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 Curbing the obesity epidemic: đẩy lùi bệnh béo phì

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Sample Essay (Band 6.0)

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