Medication Summary – Week 3

Antibiotic Classes
Class Mechanism Indications Interactions Contraindication Adverse
Of Effects
Action
Sulfonamides  Suppress  Effective against  Allergy GI  nausea,
bacterial growth gram “+” & “-“  Pregnancy vomiting,
by disrupting bacteria  Breastfeeding diarrhea
critical metabolic  Treatment of UTI  Infants < 2  GU 
reactions inside  Upper Resp. tract months old crystalluria
the bacterial cell infection  Integumentary
 Stevens-
Johnson
syndrome,
urticaria
Penicillins  Bactericidal  Broad spectrum  NSAIDs  Allergy  Allergic reactions
 Weakens the cell  Prevention +  Oral o Macrolides o Urticarial,
wall and allows treatment of contraceptives are often pruritis,
water to enter, infections caused by  Anticoagulants used as angioedema
thus killing the susceptible bacteria (Warfarin alternatives  Nausea, vomiting,
organism sodium) diarrhea
Cephalosporins  Bactericidal  1st gen.: surgical  NSAIDs  Allergy  Nausea, vomiting,
prophylaxis,  Oral diarrhea
susceptible, contraceptives
staphylococcal  Anticoagulants
infections
 2nd gen.: UTI, lower
resp. tract infection,
bone & joint
infection
 3rd gen.: ceftriaxone
sodium, ceftazidime
 4th gen.: UTI
Carbapenems  Complicated body  Drug-indices
cavity & connective seizure activity
Medication Summary – Week 3

tissue infections in
acutely ill
hospitalized pt.s
Monobactams  Bactericidal  Management of cystic
fibrosis clients w.
chronic pulmonary
infections
Macrolides  Bacteriostatic  “Strep” infections  Highly protein  Allergy  Erythromycin: GI
 Prevent protein  Resp. tract infections bound effects, nausea,
synthesis within  GI tract infections  Require vomiting
bacterial cells  H,Pylori cytochrome P450  Azithromycin &
 Gonorrhea,  Oral Clarithromycin:
chlamydia, contraceptives fewer GI advers
mycoplasma  Anticoagulants effects
Tetracyclines  Bind to Ca2+ &  Gram “-“ & gram “+”  Reduce oral  Allergy  Pseudomembrano
Mg2+ & Al3+ions bacteria absorption:  Pregnancy us colitis
to form insoluble  Acne antacids/antidiarr  Breastfeeding  Vaginal
complexes  Chlamydia heals, iron salts,  Children under candidiasis
 Inhibit protein  Mycoplasma calcium/dairy age 8  Photosensitivity
synthesis  Rickettsia products
 Bacteriostatic  Lyme disease  Anticoagulants
 Oral
contraceptives