Sociology and Anthropology
SOCIOLOGY
is a social science that focuses on society,
human social behavior, patterns of social
relationships, social interaction, and
aspects of culture associated with
everyday life.
Is the scientific study of society.
Comes from the word “socologie”
meaning companion and “ology”
meaning the study of
ANTHOROPOLOGY
Looks into the “origin” of our species,
and evolution of our existence around
the world through the time.
SOCIOLOGY AND THE
DEVELOPMENT OF SELF
GEORGE HERBERT MEAD
a sociologist who advanced the idea that
the development of the self is influenced
by significant persons in one‘s life.
PREPARATORY STAGE
the child learns to imitate others, usually
the primary care givers.
PLAY STAGE
involved children pretending to be other
people.
GAME STAGE
is characterized by the influence of the
generalized other, or society as a whole.
“ME” AND “I” SELF
ME
considered as the social self
I SO – social orientation
response to the social self.
ANTHROPOLOGY’S CONCEPTION OF
THE SELF
CLIFFORD GEERTZ
a French anthropologist
Geertz wanted to emphasize that to
understand culture, it is not enough that
you study culture. One must be ―in the
culture.
Geertz believed that culture serves as a
control mechanism that guides behavior.
PROSPERO COVAR
A Filipino anthropologist
likened the Filipino identity to a jar – it has
labas, loob, and lalim; Covar used the
method of tambalang lapit (dynamic
dualism) to dissect the Filipino identity.
When we use dynamic dualism as a
method, this is ME that is, if there is labas,
there is loob; if there is kaluluwa, there is
budhi.
LABAS (exterior)
in the labas that we witness the reflection
of the person‘s experience of culture.
LOOB (interior)
The loob is a broad concept which needs
to be understood deeply.
The loob, as a container, can contain
something.
LALIM
gives the loob its profound meaning.
THE SELF AS A PRODUCT OF THE
SOCIAL WORLD
family plays a significant role in our
acquisition of culture.
family is our first experience of the
social world and the culture embedded in
it making it one of the most important
elements of society.
family is where we first learn gender
roles or the expected behaviors based on
one‘s biological or perceived sex.
THE GENDER BREAD PERSON
shows how diverse gender is and why
we should start looking at it as a spectrum
of colors instead of a binary construct.
SOGIESC
an enduring emotional, romantic and
sexual attraction to other people.
GI – gender identity
the most innermost concept of the
self as female, male, or another
identity which may or may not
correspond to their assigned sex at
birth.
GE – gender expression
external appearance of a person’s
gender, usually expressed through
behavior, clothing, haircut of voice.
SC – sexual characteristics
physical traits that indicate
biological sex such as chromosomes,
genitalia, gonads, hormones, and
internal reproductive organ.
THE SELF AS EMBEDDED IN CULTURE
Culture is dynamic and always changing.
Language is another aspect that
influences the development of the self in
the context of culture.
CULTURAL DIVERSITY
Cultural relativism accentuates the idea
that understanding the self is a process
that involves knowing one‘s own
culture instead of other unfamiliar
cultures.
Cultural relativism emphasizes that no
culture is dominant over the other –
only different.
INDIVIDUALISTIC CULTURES
people are considered "good" if they are
strong, self-reliant, assertive, and
independent.
give importance to autonomy,
independence, self-sufficiency, and
uniqueness
COLLECTIVIST CULTURES
characteristics like being self-sacrificing,
dependable, generous, and helpful to
others are of greater importance.
family takes the central role in shaping
the person as a social being.
collectivist cultures are taught that one is
part of a greater whole – the society.

SIKOLOHIYANG PILIPINO
VIRGILIO G. ENRIQUEZ
the father of Sikolohiyang Pilipino
The concept of Kapwa, the selves outside
of the self. Kapwa has two categories:
Ibang Tao and Hindi Ibang Tao.
Ibang Tao starts with Pakikitungo,
Pakikisalamuha, Pakikilahok,
Pakikibagay, and lastly Pakikisama.
Hindi Ibang Tao, it is iniated through
Pakikipagpalagayang-loob, then
Pakikisangkot, and lastly,
Pakikipagkaisa.