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Project # 1
Objectives:
Circuit configuration. Conception the processes of circuit building. how the inverting amplifier works.
2. Open Orcad Capture which is shown on desktop. 3. Go to file, new , and then select project, name this project. 4. Press analog or mixed, and choose the place that you want to save in.
5.
Press pice pace and choose LM324/OPAMP, and then drop it on block panel (press right button and choose end mode).
8. Type R/Analog and drop it on block panel. 9. Press on wire and draw it.
10. Click
The following figure shows the circuit of inverting amplifier after we did all the steps. (Figure#1)
(Figure #1)
Circuit Analysis
Rin=10k, Rf=100k, Rl =10k. Vin=0.5v we applied -+Vcc=18v
1-Acl=Rf/Ri = 100k/10k= 10. which is the gain for the Amplifire 2-Zin=Rin=10k. Amplfire Impedance. 3- The output impedance is slightly less than Zout. 4- The Common- mode rejection ratio(CMRR)= Acl/Acm where Acl is the closed loop voltage gain of the inverting amplifier and Acm is the common mode gain of the loop. = 10/0.001 = 10000. Vout= Acl*Vin=10*0.5=5Vpp. Vpk=0.5*10= 5v
From these result we could find that the first half cycle for the output voltage is negative 5v and the second cycle is positive 5v, hence the output is inverted and amplify from the input 0.5v. The input voltage amplified 10 times.
PSpice: In order to similate the circuit, there is a PSpice simolation bottom. First we have to creat new PSpice similotion and then set the time to 2 mS because we want to see the result. then , we did the Run and the result as its appear in the
next figure. As its appear from the result, the input voltage in the first half cycle is 0.5v while the output voltage is -5v and
the next half cycle the input and the output voltages reversed. In concluding, the inverting Amplifier inverts the input voltage and amplify it.