Design of Integrated Circuits

Lab: Inverter Design & Pirani Part I-II

Students:

WILDER JAIME CALDERON MONTOYA 20225780

PABLO MAURICIO ORELLANA REYES 20225753
Asim ALI 20225721
Contents
IC Design PART – I ................................................................................................................................................... 3
I. Objective ........................................................................................................................................................ 3
II. Work Done ..................................................................................................................................................... 3
1. Create a personal library ............................................................................................................................ 3
2. Enter the diagram of a CMOS inverter ...................................................................................................... 3
3. Simulation Results - Simulate this inverter in modes: DC, AC et Transient. ......................................... 3
IC Design Part – II ..................................................................................................................................................... 6
I. Objective ........................................................................................................................................................ 6
II. Work Done ..................................................................................................................................................... 6
1. Opamp Analysis......................................................................................................................................... 6
2. Instrumentation amplifier design ............................................................................................................... 7
Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................................... 10
IC Design PART – I
I. Objective
The Finality of the Working presented is to we can develop and get familiarized with the tool
by designing an inverter and also, we could analyze the simulations obtained.
II. Work Done
1. Create a personal library
In this case we must following as per the instructions given. In this case we must following as
per the instructions given. we will also take into account the default library to obtain source
voltages, electrical components and also active components. As first step in the designing of
an inverter is create a working library which will help us to design and store all the circuits
required.
2. Enter the diagram of a CMOS inverter

It is noted in the laboratory so that we can create a CMOS inverter It’s necessary two MOSFET
(NMOS AND PMOS). It is used 350 nm process which is in the library PRIMLIB.
First, to create a CMOS inverter, we need two MOSFETs i.e., NMOS and PMOS. In thisLAB,
we used 350 nm process which is in the Library PRIMLIB. However, we have to test the
working of the inverter which we use voltage sources, gnd and other passive components by
means of we will take from analoglib.

Fig 1. Inverter Design – Component parameter

It is noted that to create a design with the proper symbols, then we could use it.
In this case we created an inverter that was designed with the constant minimum length of 350nm for
both (NMOS AND PMOS). It is taken into account that for NMOS the width is 5um while for PMOS it
is 16um. the relationship we used was 3.2 approx. which we will obtain the transition voltage in VDD/2.

3. Simulation Results - Simulate this inverter in modes: DC, AC et Transient.

 3.1 DC Analysis

It is observed in the graph that the transition voltage is exactly at VDD/2.

Fig2. DC Analysis

In this case the DC Analysis is done sweeping the DC input voltage by plotting the output inverter.
It is known this is a CMOS inverter which working at different regions for the entire range of voltage
from GND to VDD. Which is the following:

• 0 - Cut OFF region

• 1 - Linear or triode region
• 2 - Saturation region
• 3 - Sub threshold region
• 4 - Break down
In the graph above It is noted that during the transition both MOSFETs operates in saturation region
 3.2 AC Analysis

In this case we will work with AC, the latter is carried out to find the behavior of the circuit that
we will analyze at different frequencies. AC analysis is carried out to find the behavior of the
circuit at different frequencies which will help us to obtain the gain and Bandwidth mainly.

Fig3: AC Analysis – Gain Plot

In is shown in the image above that the DC gain of inverter by setting the operating point we get a
bandwidth of 19 MHz and applying the derivative obtained a gain of 25Db.

3.3 Transient Analysis

Now, as it is known the simulation run across time is called transient analysis. We simulated the
transient simulation, and we will plot its output.
 Fig4: Transient Simulation – Inverter

IC Design Part – II

I. Objective
The Objective of this Part of the Lab is to understand the Pirani sensor and to model the
sensor and design circuits to measure the sensor output.
We design three modules – sensor model, Pre-Amplifier and ADC.

Fig : Entire System – Modelled

II. Work Done

1. Opamp Analysis
The work required in these lab works consists of using the standard cells (Opamp and
Comparator) offered in the founder's libraries to design the requested readout circuit and to perform
electrical simulations using Cadence Virtuoso Schematic L. The components used Opamp(OP05B) and
Comparator(COMP01B) are used from the Library A_cell. The Schematic of Opamp and Comparator
are as follows
 Fig. Opamp Schematic

Fig. Comparator Schematic

2. Instrumentation amplifier design

An instrumentation amplifier is a type of differential amplifier that has been outfitted with input
buffer amplifiers, which eliminate the need for input impedance matching and thus make the
amplifier particularly suitable for use in measurement and test equipment.
2.1 Capture the schematic of the instrumentation amplifier.
The Instrumentation amplifier is designed with three Opamp (OP05B) as shown in the below
schematic.
 Fig. Schematic Diagram of Instrumentation Amplifier

2.2 Depending on the behavior of the sensor and the circuit power supply (Vdd=3.3V),in order to
take full advantage of the dynamic range, determine the voltage gain tobe achieved for the
instrumentation amplifier.
Calculation

Ad = 3.3V/36mV = 90
Ad = 20*log(90) = 39dB

2.3 To obtain this voltage gain, choose the appropriate values for the resistors.
Resistor Calculation
Ad = R4/R3 (1+2R/Rg), R4=R3
90=1+2R/Rg
R = 44.5 Rg
So, if the value of Rg is 1K Ohms then the value of R should be 44.5K Ohms.
 Fig. Instrumentation Amplifier Schematic – Component Parameter

2.4 Measure the performance of the amplifier by electrical simulation

2.4.1 DC analysis
We plot the derivative of the Vs/Ve function to get the threshold voltage, for this case it will be 1.63V
(Vdd/2) and the minimum slope of the function is equal to -90.

Fig. Instrumentation Amplifier Transfer Characteristic and its derivative

2.4.2 AC analysis

In this case, the gain calculated by the slope of the Vs/Ve function should be equal to the gain
 measured when we use a sinusoidal signal as input and this signal is amplified in the amplifier.

Fig. Instrumentation Amplifier gain – plot for 90V or 39 dB

Hence, we measured the amplifier gain by doing the stability analysis and found that is gain
is according to the theoretical calculated values and thus we get the gain of 90(39dB).

Conclusion
In this Lab, we got familiarized with the Cadence software and also learned to design circuits
and do various kinds of simulations by designing Inverter and Pirani Micro Sensor.
In the first part, from the Inverter design, we analyzed the inverter’s working, performance,
and operating regions under different input conditions.
In the Second Part, from the Pirani microsensor design, we understand the working of the
components of Pirani sensor Pre-Amplifier (Instrumentational amplifier) and ADC
(Comparator).