Number System

Objective
• Positive and Negative Numbers
• Integers: Even Odd
• Factors, Multiples, LCM& GCD
• Primes-Composites, Prime Factorization
• Remainder Theorem
• Fractions and Decimals
• Symbols and Functions
Different types of numbers
• Integers and non integers
The wholes and the naturals
What do they mean?
• Addition
• Multiplication
• Division
• Factors
• Multiples
 Decimals & Properties 00 58
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4 2 5 6 13
. If a = , b= , c= , d= , e= then which of the following
15 7 11 17 24
relationships among them is TRUE?

a<b<c<d<e
e<b<c<a<d
b<c<a<d<e
a<b<d<c<e
c<d<a<e<b

Answer : D
The primes and the composites
 Integers & Properties
Example 1.
S is a set of non-zero integers. Is the product of all of the elements in Set S
positive?
(1) Half of the number of elements in Set S are negative.
(2) There are seven negative integers in Set S.

Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient.
Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient.
BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is
sufficient.
EACH Statement ALONE is sufficient.
Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient.

Answer : B
Different types of numbers
• Rational and Irrational
The rational numbers are numbers which can be
expressed as a fraction and also as positive
numbers, negative numbers and zero. It can be
written as p/q, where q is not equal to zero
Example: 3/2 is a rational number. It means integer
3 is divided by another integer 2
The numbers which are not a rational number are
called irrational numbers. Now, let us elaborate,
irrational numbers could be written in decimals but
not in fractions which means it cannot be written as
the ratio of two integers.
Irrational numbers have endless non-repeating digits
after the decimal point. Below is the example of the
irrational number:
Example: √8=2.828…
Conversion of decimal to p/q form
0.3333333….=

0.323232….. =

0.3215151515151515..
Which of the following when multiplied with N =
0.ababab… will result in a positive integer? (a, b
are distinct positive integers)

1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Other number types
• Even, odd • Important things to note:
• Prime, composite • Odd x Odd = Odd
• Odd x Even = Even
• Important things to note:
• Even x Even = Even
• 2 is the only even prime
number • Odd + Odd + ….
• Even number of times is even
• Every prime number greater • Odd number of times is odd
than 3 is either 6k + 1 or 6k -1 • Even + even +…. = even
• There are 25 prime numbers
between 1 to 100. 1 is not a
prime number
 Integers & Properties
Odd and Even:
Example 2.
If m is an even number and n is an odd number, which of the following
statements can NOT be true?
(m + nm) is odd
(m + nn) + (mn + mn) is odd
(m + mm) is even
m
(m + n) –
()n
is odd
n
()
(m + n) + m is either even or odd

Answer : E
 Integers & Properties
Factors and Multiples:
Example 3.
How many multiples of 3 are from 201 through 427?
54
65
76
82
100

Answer : C
LCM, HCF and Prime Factorization
• Lets take 24 and 36
• Factors of 24:
• Factors of 36:
• HCF:
LCM, HCF and Prime Factorization
• Multiples of 24
• Multiples of 36
• LCM:
By prime factorization
• 24 =

• 36 =

• HCF : LCM :
Properties to remember
• All multiples of LCM are common multiples of a, b
• HCF has to be a factor of the LCM
• HCF X LCM = a x b
Number of factors and trailing zeroes
• If N = pa x qb x rc
• Total number of factors = (a+1)(b+1) (c+1)

• Number of trailing zeroes in N! is the highest power of 10( and so 5) which can divide N!
 Integers & Properties
Least Common Multiple(LCM) and Greatest Common Divisor(GCD):
Example 4.
How many integers between 100 and 300 inclusive, are divisible by 12 but not
by 8.
8
9
12
17
25

Answer : B
 Integers & Properties
Least Common Multiple(LCM) and Greatest Common Divisor(GCD):
Example 5.
The greatest common divisor of 28 and a positive integer k is 7, and the greatest
common divisor of k and 63 is 21. Which of the following could be the value of k?
7
35
49
70
105

Answer : E
 Integers & Properties 59
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Practice Set 1:
1. A number of chocolates are to be distributed evenly among number of gift
boxes. If there are 4 chocolates in each gift box or there are 6 chocolates kept in
each gift box, there is one chocolate left in either case. However, if there are 7
chocolates in each gift box, there is no extra chocolate left. What could be the
minimum number of chocolates in total?
8
21
25
35
49

Answer : E
 Integers & Properties 59
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Practice Set 1:
2. Is x an integer?
(1) x3 is an integer.
(2) 3x is an integer.
Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient.
Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient.
BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is
sufficient.
EACH Statement ALONE is sufficient.
Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient.

Answer : C
 Integers & Properties
Prime Factorization:
Example 7.
A shop has ropes in length of 2 feet, 3 feet, 5 feet, and 7 feet. Adam buys a few
ropes from this shop. If the product of the lengths of all the ropes he buys is
2940, how many ropes has he bought?
Four
Five
Six
Seven
Eight

Answer : C
The process of division

Dividend = Divisor x Quotient + Remainder

Important:
Whatever you do with the dividend the
remainder has the same effect
To illustrate
 Integers & Properties
Remainder and Quotient:
Example 8.
When a positive integer x is divided by 5, the remainder is 4. When positive
integer y is divided by 4, the remainder is 3. Which of the following values
CANNOT be the sum of x and y?
12
15
18
21
24

Answer : C
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Practice Set 2:
5. What is the remainder when the integer q is divided by 5?
(1) q is divisible by 2
(2) If q is divided by 35, the remainder is 14.

Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient.
Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient.
BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is
sufficient.
EACH Statement ALONE is sufficient.
Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient.

Answer : B
Example 10

A number when divided by a certain divisor, leaves a remainder 6. Five times

the number when divided by the same divisor, leaves a remainder 7. What is
the divisor?
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 Symbol & Functions
Example 12.
If m # n = 2m – n2, 5 # 2 equals:

9#2
10 # 3
11 # 4
12 # 5
18 # 6

Answer : C
 Symbol & Functions
Example 14.
For a function f, which of the following choices will satisfy f(a + b) = f(a) + f(b)
for all possible values of a and b?

f(x) = (x + 1)3
f(x) = 4x
x2
f(x) =
7
f(x) = x + 2
f(x) = x – x2

Answer : B
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Practice Set 4:
9. If f(x) = 5x – 27 and g(x) = x2 – 8, then what is the product of all values of
x for which f(x2) = g(x + 3)?
–7
3
–
2
3
2
7
2
7
Answer : A