Combinepdf

8/18/23
HOUSING
IN HUMAN SETTLEMENTS
WEEK NO. 01
RENMAR B. YUTOC uap rmp
PL153B
HOUSING IN HUMAN SETTLEMENTS
Course Description:
This course will explore issues of housing policy and planning issues at the national, and local levels in the Philippines and draw
comparisons with housing policies in other countries. This course is oriented toward the issues faced by local housing practitioners
and policymakers in the struggle to ensure a decent, affordable home for all. It explores the larger economic and political context of
housing today including demographic and market issues.
It involves systematic review of housing programs for homeownership; national and local policies and programs with an emphasis
on the land use and regulatory powers of municipal and national governments in rural and urban areas. It covers the socio-cultural,
ecological, and institutional implications of housing policy, process and design for effective delivery of low-cost housing in the
Philippines.
1
8/18/23
Break things down into manageable bits.
PL153B
Course Description:
This course will explore issues of housing policy and planning issues at the
national, and local levels in the Philippines and draw comparisons with housing
policies in other countries. This course is oriented toward the issues faced by
local housing practitioners and policymakers in the struggle to ensure a
decent, affordable home for all. It explores the larger economic and political
context of housing today including demographic and market issues.
12
2
8/18/23
PL153B
Course Description:
It involves systematic review of housing programs for homeownership;

national and local policies and programs with an emphasis on the land use
and regulatory powers of municipal and national governments in rural and
urban areas. It covers the socio-cultural, ecological, and institutional
implications of housing policy, process and design for effective delivery of low-
cost housing in the Philippines.
16
TITLE / TOPIC
COURSE OUTCOMES:
CO1
To understand and intertwined the socio-economic, cultural, political,
religious, and other issues relative to housing and its effective delivery.
To acquire a more rational basis for housing design based on a given site
CO2 constraint/end-user profile towards attainment of evolving United Nation’s
(UN) sustainability goals.
To demonstrate working knowledge with the history, conventional, and

CO3 emerging concepts/theories, relevant laws and codes pertaining to housing
and its delivery.
17
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8/18/23
TITLE / TOPIC
COURSE OUTCOMES:
CO1 Understand and intertwined issues relative to housing
Acquire rational basis for housing design based on site

CO2 constraint/end-user towards attainment of United Nation’s
(UN) sustainability goals.
CO3
Demonstrate working knowledge with the history,
concepts/theories, and laws pertaining to housing.
20
HOUSING
CO1
WEEKS 1 - 2
Lecture
MODULE I : INTRODUCTION TO HOUSING AND SETTLEMENTS
• Settlement Evolution and Planning Theory
• Overviews the economic and demographic trends that drive urbanization and
review global projections in urbanization, mega-cities, and the need for
responsible urban management.
• Consider the history and background of housing and settlements that will affect
the design of buildings.
21
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8/18/23
HOUSING TITLE / TOPIC

CO1
WEEKS 3 - 4
Lecture
MODULE II : HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT LAWS AND AGENCIES
• Significance of law and its relationship to Urban Planning.
22

CO1
WEEKS 4 - 6
Lecture
MODULE III : HOUSING TYPOLOGIES AND PHILIPPINE HOUSING SUBSIDIES
• Identify the Housing Typologies & Philippine Housing agencies that provide
subsidies for local housing projects
• Survey ideologies that shape public sector interventions and housing policy
development (e.g. subsidies, tax incentives, legal and regulatory frameworks,
etc)
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8/18/23

CO2 CO3
WEEK 7
Lecture
MODULE IV : THE DREAM AND NIGHTMARE OF HOUSING: THE ROLE OF HOUSING TO
COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
• Understand the role of housing to community development. (Documentary Film:
Pruitt-Igoe Public Housing Complex, St. Louis, Missouri, USA)
• Understand the architect’s role in housing (Documentary Film: Nemausus 1
Social Housing Project, Nimes, France)
• Understand Philippine local housing (Documentary Film: Transformative
Resettlement of Informal Settler Families in the Philippines)
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CO2 CO3
WEEKS 8 - 9
Lecture
MODULE V : HOUSING AS A DRIVER OF CHANGE
• Factors the affect development: economic, social and civic.
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8/18/23

CO2 CO3
WEEKS 10 - 12
Lecture
MODULE VI : ORGANIZATIONAL AND INSTITUTIONAL CHALLENGES
• The housing process, need for a housing policy, aims and objectives in relation
to settlement planning objectives, housing situation at national, regional and
local levels.
• Basic considerations for the formation of viable housing policy and programs in
consonance with availability of resources and feasibility of implementation and
management.
26

CO2 CO3
WEEKS 10 - 12
Lecture
• Housing policy problems in rural settlements, preparation and implementation
of feasible rural housing programs as part of rural development strategy.
27
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8/18/23

CO2 CO3
WEEK 13
Lecture
MODULE VII : PHILIPPINE LOCAL SHELTER PLANNING
• The role of LGU in providing shelter for their constituents and the processes to
be considered in executing local shelter planning.
• Understanding financing for low-cost housing
28

CO2 CO3
WEEKS 14 - 18
Lecture
MODULE VIII : APPROACHES IN HOUSING THE POOR AND URBAN UPGRADING
• Evaluate the affordability of housing for the poor (socialized, economic, and
open market)
• Housing design and standards their significance in the housing process and
relation to comprehensive social, economic and physical planning
29
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8/18/23

CO2 CO3
WEEKS 14 - 18
Lecture
• Discuss direct nexus or interconnectedness between the informal/marginal
land and the development of slums.
• Review social stereotypes of the urban poor and associated detriments of
marginal settlements such as lack of political voice and development controls,
health issues, social vices, economic disenfranchisement and loss of municipal
revenue.
• Understanding technologies for housing
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PL153B TITLE / TOPIC

PRELIM EXAM WEEK September 18 – 23 (Week 6)

MIDTERM EXAM WEEK October 6 – 11 (Week 13)
FINAL EXAM WEEK December 11 – 16 (Week 18)
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8/18/23

Course Requirements (Prelims and Midterms):
Grade
Requirements Percentage
Distribution
RE Individual / Group Project Research / Assignment

QL Quizzes / Long Examinations 2/3
AT Attendance per term
CP Class Participation
1/3
TE Term Examination
per term
Note: This may adjust a bit depending on the activities given.
32

Course Requirements (Finals):
Grade
Requirements Percentage
Distribution
RE Individual / Group Project Research / Assignment

QL Quizzes / Long Examinations 1/2
AT Attendance per term
CP Class Participation
1/2
TE Term Examination
per term
Note: This may adjust a bit depending on the activities given.
33
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8/18/23

FINAL OVERALL GRADE
PRELIM GRADE (0.30) + MIDTERM GRADE (0.30) + FINAL GRADE (0.40)
34

MAXIMUM OF THREE UNEXCUSED ABSENCES
35
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end.
LAST UPDATED: 2023, AUGUST 17
36
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HOUSING
WEEK NO. 02
HOUSING
WEEKS 1 - 2
Lecture
MODULE I : INTRODUCTION TO HOUSING AND SETTLEMENTS
• Settlement Evolution and Planning Theory
• Overviews the economic and demographic trends that drive urbanization and
review global projections in urbanization, mega-cities, and the need for
responsible urban management.
• Consider the history and background of housing and settlements that will affect
the design of buildings.
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8/26/23
HOUSING SITUATION IN THE PHILIPPINES

SETTLEMENT EVOLUTION
WHAT IS A HOUSE?
A house is a building or structure that

has the ability to be occupied for
habitation by humans.
Derives directly from Old English Hus

meaning "dwelling, shelter, home,
house,"
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HUMAN SETTLEMENT
A place where people live.
https://link.springer.com /referencew orkentry/10.1007/978-3-319-71063-1_88-1
HUMAN SETTLEMENT
It refers to the totality of human community with all the

social, material, organizational, spiritual, and cultural
elements that sustain it.
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https://w orkpointtoday.com /get-to-know -bondee-new -hype-app/
https://w w w .theverge.com /
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HUMAN SETTLEMENT
Any form of human dwelling, from the smallest house to the

largest city, where group of people reside and pursue their
life goals, can be understood as settlement.
TO ROAM FREE OR TO SETTLE DOWN?
Mode of living Features Advantages Disadvantages
Vulnerable to
Mobility; Seasonal Flexibility; Low-
control by stronger
Nomadic / diet, Small, impact, simple
groups; Limited
Semi-nomadic egalitarian technology and
child-bearing
community lifestyle
(rearing)
Large and
Stable food supply Vulnerable to site-
structured
over time; Short specific disaster;
Settled community;
birth-spacing, May form rigid
Permanence;
learning, High-tech hierarchies
Characteristic diet
Lecture: UP Dilim an, jagom ez,
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BUILT SHELTER
TEMPORARY SHELTER: Nomadic shelter (hunter-

gatherer); built with limited
investment in time and energy
PERMANENT DWELLINGS: Sedentary lifestyle; farming and

domestication of animals.
Designed in direct response to
lifestyle, local materials, and
climate
Ar. Dianne (JPT)
TIPI / TEPEE
Conical Indian dwelling made out

of barks and animal skin.
Light, movable dwelling which can

be easily transported.
Reflected the migratory lifestyle of

native Indians, making seasonal
journeys to find resources.
Ar. Dianne (JPT) | Photo: https://w w w .britannica.com /technology/tepee
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WIGWAM
American Indian semi-permanent

domed dwelling usually of round or
oval shaped, formed of poles
overlaid with bark, rush mats, or
animal skins.
Ar. Dianne (JPT)

https://w w w .centralm aine.com /2021/06/18/w igw am -exhibit-to-open-at-skow hegan-history-house/
HOGAN
A traditional Navajo Indian dwelling

constructed usually of earth and
logs and covered with mud and
sod.
An energy-efficient dwelling; kept

cool in the morning by the mud
pack roof, and during cold nights,
the heat trapped on the roof is then
released for added warmth to the
interior.
Ar. Dianne (JPT)

https://w w w .centralm aine.com /2021/06/18/w igw am -exhibit-to-open-at-skow hegan-history-house/
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TRULLO
A traditional rendered stone

dwelling in Southern Italy, in which
square chambers are roofed with
conical vaulted roofs.
It uses a prehistoric building

technique of mortar-less
construction still in use in this
region.
Ar. Dianne (JPT) | Photo: Berthold W erner
HUMAN SETTLEMENT
Human settlements come in many forms and can be

permanent and temporary, rural and urban, mobile and
sedentary, disseminated and agglomerated.
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HUMAN SETTLEMENT
HOW CAN WE SUSTAIN IT?
HUMAN SETTLEMENT
Inhabitants must at least meet their basic needs and live a

dignified “human” life.
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HUMAN SETTLEMENT
Human settlements commonly posses, at least:
https://com m ons.princeton.edu/m g/ancient-civilizations-of-the-old-w orld-3500-to-after-600-bce/
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HUMAN SETTLEMENT
1. Available food and potable water for all members of the group.
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https://w w w .youtube.com /w atch?v=xVf5kZA0HtQ
JERICHO
one of the earliest continuous settlements in the world,
dating perhaps from about 9000 BCE.
https://w w w .thearchaeologist.org/blog/ancient-jericho-the-first-w alled-city-in-history

https://w w w .britannica.com /place/Jericho-W est-Bank
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It provides important evidence of the transition from settled villages to urban agglomeration, which was
maintained in the same location for over 2,000 years. It features a unique streetless settlement of houses
clustered back to back with roof access into the buildings.
ÇATALHÖYÜK
M urat Ö zsoy 1958 & https://w hc.unesco.org/en/list/1405/
HUMAN SETTLEMENT
2. Shelter that is adequate as a defense against elements, and

against other human groups.
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HUMAN SETTLEMENT

3. A technology at a certain level, or at least convenient to the

present inhabitants.
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https://w w w .vecteezy.com /vector-art/119778-ancient-tools
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https://com m ons.w ikim edia.org/w iki/File:2304Hom e_cooking_in_Bulacan_province_09.jpg

https://snv.org/project/clean-and-im proved-cooking-m ekong-region
https://w w w .claim sjournal.com /new s/national/2016/12/01/275314.htm
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HUMAN SETTLEMENT

3. A technology at a certain level, or at least convenient to the

present inhabitants.
4. A recognizable community identity, propagated and shaped by

accepted social relations and ways of communicating.
HOUSING
HOUSING SITUATION
IN THE PHILIPPINES
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8/26/23
https://unhabitat.org/sites/default/files/2023/06/5._un-habitat_philippines_country_report_2023_final_compressed.pdf

NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS
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NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS (2020)
Out of the 26,374,653 households, 21,577,285 households (81.8%) lived in

housing units/lots that they owned/amortized. These were the
households who either:
(i) Own or have owner-like possession of the house and lot (57.3%);
(ii) Own house but rent lot (3.9%);
(iii) Own house in a rent-free lot with consent of the owner (18.6%); or
(iv) Own house in rent-free lot without consent of the owner (2.1%).
2020 Census | https://psa.gov.ph/statistics/population-and-housing
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8/26/23
2,858,920 households (10.8%) rented the housing unit and lot that they
occupied.
The remaining households (7.3%) either reported that their housing unit is
rent-free, with or without consent of the owner, or did not report the
tenure status of their housing units/lots.
Among the 17 regions, 14 had a proportion of households living in

owned/amortized housing unit/lot higher than the national figure of 81.8
percent. In six of these regions, about 9 out of 10 households had
occupied housing units/lots that they owned/amortized.
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8/26/23
These were the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao

(BARMM) and Region VI-Western Visayas with 94.2 percent each, Region
VIII-Eastern Visayas with 92.4 percent, Region II-Cagayan Valley with
92.3 percent, Region V-Bicol Region with 91.0 percent, and Region I-Ilocos
Region with 90.8 percent.
Of the 17 regions in the country, the National Capital Region (NCR) posted
the highest proportion of renter-households, comprising 32.6 percent of
its total number of households, followed by Region IV-A- CALABARZON
with 16.4 percent, Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) with 13.3 percent,
and Region III-Central Luzon with 10.0 percent.
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HOUSING PROFILES
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Proliferation of slums and larger number of urban poor

families without secure housing tenure underscores the high
cost of legal and formal housing and the short supply of govt.
subsidized or assisted housing in urban areas.
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8/26/23
Continuing rapid pace of urbanization has increased

demand for housing, beyond the capacity of the government
to address the problem.
More than half of the 109 million Filipinos are living

in urban areas; urban growth is concentrated in the
16 most populous cities.
The level of urbanization has been steadily increasing in the past decades, from
45.3% in 2010, to 51.2% in 2015, and 54% in 2020. Population is unequally distributed
among urban areas, with urban growth concentrated in the top 16 populous cities.
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HOUSING BACKLOGS
The government’s inability to meet the demand and poor

people's lack of financial capital to enable to have access
land, has resulted in the growth of slums.
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HOUSING BACKLOGS (2022)

6.5 MILLION
May rise up to 10.9 million by the end of Marcos Administration.

UN Habitat even estimated it to reach to 22 Million by 2040.*
https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1198417 & https://www.bworldonline.com/special-features/2022/11/14/489812/closing-the-gaps-in-philippine-housing/

* https://unhabitat.org/sites/default/files/2023/06/5._un-habitat_philippines_country_report_2023_final_compressed.pdf
Continuing rapid pace of urbanization has increased

demand for housing, beyond the capacity of the government
to address the problem.
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The tall demand and limited supply have resulted in backlog

across different housing categories, with the most extensive
backlog in the economic housing category related to
families with a monthly income of Php 15,000 to Php 30,000.
This category accounts for 58% of the backlog, highlighting
the urgent need for affordable housing for low-income
families.
https://www.ianfulgar.com/property-development/shda-addressing-the-housing-backlog-in-the-
philippines/#:~:text=A%20growing%20gap%20between%20the,Housing%20Developers%20Association%20(SHDA).
The housing backlog distribution varies across the country.

Certain regions, such as the National Capital Region (NCR)
and Region IV-A, have a higher backlog due to their
increased population density and rapid urbanization. These
regions also have an increased incidence of informal settlers,
further exacerbating the housing problem.
https://www.ianfulgar.com/property-development/shda-addressing-the-housing-backlog-in-the-
philippines/#:~:text=A%20growing%20gap%20between%20the,Housing%20Developers%20Association%20(SHDA).
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HOUSING OCCUPANCY
Based on the 2020 Census of Population and Housing (2020

CPH), a total of 28,503,757 housing units were listed
nationwide. Of this total, 25,191,610 housing units were
occupied by households/household population as of 01 May
2020. In 2015, out of the 24.22 million housing units, 22.42
million were occupied, while in 2010, out of the total 21.29
million housing units, 19.72 million had occupants.
https://www.psa.gov.ph/content/housing-characteristics-philippines-2020-census-population-and-housing
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88.4%
OCCUPANCY RATE
The occupancy rate or the ratio of the total occupied

housing units to the total number of housing units in 2020
was posted at 88.4 percent. The occupancy rate in 2015 was
higher at 92.6 percent. This means that there were more
vacant housing units in 2020 than in 2015.
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Bangsamoro Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao

(BARMM) posted the highest occupancy rate of 98.8 percent
in 2020. This was followed by Region IX (Zamboanga
Peninsula) with 92.5 percent then Region V (Bicol) and Region
II (Cagayan Valley) with 90.8 percent each. The lowest
occupancy rate was recorded in the Cordillera
Administrative Region (CAR) at 81.6 percent.
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8/26/23
The top three regions with the largest population sizes

(CALABARZON, NCR, Central Luzon) are also the top three
regions in terms of number of occupied housing units.
CAR, which had the smallest regional population size,

recorded the least number of occupied housing units.
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8/26/23

WORLD RISK INDEX
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The Philippines is number 1 in the

World Risk Index (WRI) 2022.
The WRI measures countries' disaster risk from extreme natural events and the
effects of climate change based on each nation's exposure to disasters such as
storms, flooding, droughts, and sea level rise; and vulnerability—or its
susceptibility, ability to cope, and ability to adapt to these events.
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FACTORS THAT CONTRIBUTE TO HOUSING PROBLEMS
• Direct relationship between economic growth and rate of urbanization.

• High population growth
• Political and governance issues
• Urban Poverty (high standard of living in urban areas
• Family of five (5) must have more than P 10,000.00 to cover basic needs i.e.,
clothing, food, shelter, etc.) (NSCB report)
• Minimum monthly rate salary is not adequate to meet the daily cost of living.
• Migration
• Lack of income and employment
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Direct relationship between economic

growth and rate of urbanization.
https://psa.gov.ph/price-indices/cpi-ir
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8/26/23
https://psa.gov.ph/price-indices/cpi-ir
High population growth
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109,035,343
2020 Census of Population and Housing
https://www.psa.gov.ph/content/age-and-sex-distribution-philippine-population-2020-census-population-and-housing#:~:text=Other%20Events-
,Age%20and%20Sex%20Distribution%20in%20the%20Philippine%20Population,Census%20of%20Population%20and%20Housing)&text=Based%20on%20the%20202
0%20Census,99.7%20percent%20or%20108%2C667%2C043%20persons.
37
Confusing graphics!
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8/26/23
The overall dependency ratio of the Philippines was

computed at 57, which indicates that for every 100 working-
age or economically-active population, there were about 57
dependents (48 young dependents and 8 old dependents).
This is lower than the dependency ratio in 2015, which was
recorded at 58 dependents per 100 working-age population
(50 young dependents and 8 old dependents).
https://www.psa.gov.ph/content/age-and-sex-distribution-philippine-population-2020-census-population-and-housing#:~:text=Other%20Events-
,Age%20and%20Sex%20Distribution%20in%20the%20Philippine%20Population,Census%20of%20Population%20and%20Housing)&text=Based%20on%20the%20202
0%20Census,99.7%20percent%20or%20108%2C667%2C043%20persons.
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Political and governance issues
https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1683284/natl-housing-authority-to-halt-existing-new-projects-due-to-lack-of-budget
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8/26/23
NHA PROPOSED
BUDGET FOR 2023 P70.28 BILLION
APPROVED BUDGET
FOR 2023 P2 BILLION
2023 NATIONAL EXPENDITURE PROGRAM ALLOCATION
2022 BUDGET P5.1 BILLION

https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1683284/natl-housing-authority-to-halt-existing-new-projects-due-to-lack-of-budget
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8/26/23
Urban Poverty (high standard of

living in urban areas)
Family of five (5) must have more than P 10,000.00 to cover

basic needs i.e., clothing, food, shelter, etc.) (NSCB report)
Minimum monthly rate salary is not adequate to meet the

daily cost of living.
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NCR Minimum Wage 2023
Non-Agriculture Sector Php610

Agriculture Sector Php573
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PHILIPPINES’ MINIMUM WAGE : P16,470 per month (P610 x 27 days = Monday to Saturday work)
SINGAPORE’S LOCAL QUALIFYING SALARY : P58.669.10 per month (SDG 1,400 per month | 1 SGD = P41.91)
Singapore Ministry of Manpower : https://www.mom.gov.sg/faq/work-pass-general/what-is-the-local-qualifying-salary
https://www.philstar.com/business/2022/11/18/2224547/its-more-expensive-philippines
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8/26/23
Migration
Globally, more people than ever seek better lives outside their
home countries. There are 10 million Filipinos live abroad and
more than 1 million Filipino leave the country each year to
work abroad. Remittances to the Philippines from around the
world continue to grow.
https://www.ilo.org/manila/areasofwork/labour-migration/lang--en/index.htm
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https://migrationnetwork.un.org/sites/g/files/tmzbdl416/files/docs/philippines_network_terms_of_reference.pdf
Lack of income and employment
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Employment Underemployment Unemployment

Philippines
Rate Rate Rate
2019 94.9 (13.8) 5.1
2020 89.7 (16.2) 10.3
2021 92.2 (15.9) 7.8
December 2022 95.7 (12.6) 4.3
May 2023 95.7 (11.7) 4.3
https://psa.gov.ph/content/unemployment-rate-may-2023-was-estimated-43-percent
The employment rate in May 2023 was estimated at 95.7

percent, which was higher than the reported employment
rate in May 2022 at 94.0 percent and in April 2023 at 95.5
percent. In terms of magnitude, the number of employed
persons was posted at 48.26 million in May 2023, higher than
the reported number of employed persons in the same
period last year at 46.08 million.
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The country’s unemployment rate dropped to 4.3 percent in

May 2023 from 6.0 percent in May 2022 and 4.5 percent in
April 2023. The May 2023 unemployment rate was the second
lowest since April 2005, following the 4.2 percent
unemployment rate in November 2022.
The average hours worked in a week by an employed person

in May 2023 was 39.3 hours, which was slightly lower than the
estimate in May 2022 at 39.8 hours per week. However, this
was higher than the average hours worked in April 2023 at
36.9 hours per week.
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The top five sub-sectors with the highest year-on-year increase in

the number of employed persons in May 2023 were the following:
a. Agriculture and forestry (1.25 million);

b. Accommodation and food service activities (398 thousand);
c. Other service activities (365 thousand);
d. Fishing and aquaculture (351 thousand); and
e. Arts, entertainment, and recreation (305 thousand).
The top five sectors that exhibited a drop in the number of

employed persons from May 2022 to May 2023 were as follows:
a. Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and

motorcycles (-781 thousand);
b. Construction (-274 thousand);
c. Manufacturing (-253 thousand);
d. Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation
activities (-78 thousand); and
e. Information and communication (-51 thousand).
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“Our housing policy is focused towards numbers of homes

when the reality is quality is extremely important like
livability, sustainability, resilience, spatial equality. These are
things we need to make our cities smart and more
importantly competitive.
https://www.philstar.com/business/2022/06/08/2186742/housing
end.
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9/2/23
HOUSING
WEEK NO. 03
URBAN PLANNING AND SETTLEMENTS

SETTLEMENTS
1
9/2/23
HUMAN SETTLEMENT
A general term used in archaeology, geography, landscape

history, and other subjects for a permanent or temporary
community in which people live, without being specific as to
size, population or importance.
https://w w w .earthdata.nasa.gov/topics/hum an-dim ensions/hum an-settlem ents#:~:text=A%20general%20term %20used%20in,to%20size%2C%20population%20or%20im portance.
HUMAN SETTLEMENT
A settlement can therefore range in size from a small

number of dwellings grouped together to the largest of
cities with surrounding urbanized areas.
https://w w w .definitions.net/definition/HUM AN+SETTLEM ENT
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9/2/23
HIERARCHY OF HUMAN SETTLEMENTS
Megalopolis Where conurbations have joined to become one large urban area. 10 million + people
A group of large cities and their suburbs that have strong links
Conurbation 3-10 million people
connecting them to each other.
A city and surrounding towns that are in close proximity and have
Metropolis 1-3 million people
started to merge into each other.
300,000 - 1 million
Large city A city with a large population and many services.
people
A city would have a wide range of services but not as many as a 100,000-300,000
City
large city. people
Jot Scroll | https://w w w .jotscroll.com /forum s/3/posts/202/settlem ent-first-hum an-settlem ent-definition-types-hierarchy.htm l

Large towns now see a much more varied range of shops 20,000-100,000
Large Town
available when compared to villages. people
Towns see an increase in services, for example, they would have 1,000-20,000
Town
senior schools and police stations. people
Villages start to have some basic services like a petrol station or a

Village 100 - 1,000 people
vilage shop.
Hamlet Hamlets have very tiny populations and few services, if any. < 100 people
Isolated Isolated dwelling often in rural areas, these tend to be farmhouses a few buildings at
Dwelling or holiday homes. most
Jot Scroll | https://w w w .jotscroll.com /forum s/3/posts/202/settlem ent-first-hum an-settlem ent-definition-types-hierarchy.htm l
3
9/2/23
Research Gate. Paolo Neil Seludo Navata, Rocky How ard D. Yap | https://w w w .researchgate.net/publication/334162742_National_Land_Use_Policy_Enhancing_Urban_Concentration

SETTLEMENTS ACCORDING TO SHAPE
4
9/2/23
A dispersed settlement is where the

buildings are spread apart.

https://w w w .internetgeography.net/topics/patterns-of-settlem ent/
5
9/2/23
In linear pattern of settlement, houses are

located along a road, railway line, river, canal
edge of a valley or along a levee.
https://old.am u.ac.in/em p/studym /100008596.pdf

Rene Beaudoin
6
9/2/23
REVIEW
LINEAR CITY
URBAN PLANNING CONCEPT
REVIEW
LINEAR CITY
The linear city was an urban plan for an elongated urban formation.
All other functions were arranged along that axis with defined width
and indefinite length, intersected at certain intervals by secondary
perpendicular streets. The layout consisted of large blocks with
residential buildings surrounded by vegetation with commercial and
public structures situated at intersections.
https://w w w .architerrax.com /post/linear-city-concept
7
9/2/23
REVIEW
LINEAR CITY
ARTURO SORIA Y MATA
A nucleated settlement occurs in a circular shape with

buildings mainly concentrated around a common
center such as a road junction, park or service area.

8
9/2/23
DISPERSED LINEAR NUCLEATED

https://iandslcis.w eebly.com /unit-4-settlem ent.htm l
9
9/2/23

SETTLEMENTS ACCORDING TO FUNCTION
The function of a settlement helps to identify the economic and social

development of a place and can show its main activity. Most large
settlements have more than one function though in the past one
function was maybe the most important in defining the success and
growth in importance of the settlement.
https://w w w .bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z3n9gdm /revision/3
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9/2/23
The main functions of a settlement are:
• Market Town • Service Center

• Mining Town • Cultural/ Religious Center
• Industrial Town • Administrative Center
• Port • Residential Town
• Route Center • Tourist Resort
Market town
Where farmers will buy and sell their goods and
materials
• Found in fertile farming sites

• Many services e.g. shops and offices
• Good transport links – often they are route centers
Today, it provides services and processes, farming, machinery,

and produce.
https://w w w .bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z3n9gdm /revision/3 & http://geoeveryw here.w eebly.com /settlem ent1.htm l
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9/2/23
Mining town
Where minerals and fuel might be extracted.
Industrial Town
Where raw materials will be processed into
manufactured products.
• Has railways and canals for transports

• Has housing and industry mixed together
• Newer industrial town planning ensures the
housing and industry are apart.
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9/2/23
Port
A place where goods can be imported and exported.
• Found where there are sheltered harbors

• Modern ports need deeper water for today’s
larger ships
• Many ports have gone through a lot of
redevelopment
Route Centre
A place where several important roads/
transport links will meet.
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9/2/23
Service Center
A place that will provide for the main needs
and services for people living in a particular
area.
Cultural/ Religious Center

A place that will welcome people from different
places for learning or religious observance.
Attracting people, for a short period, for

religious purposes.
https://w w w .bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/z3n9gdm /revision/3 & http://geoeveryw here.w eebly.com /settlem ent1.htm l
14
9/2/23
Administrative Center
Where government offices and departments
will be located.
Residential Town
A place where people will live but will travel to
work somewhere else.
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Tourist / Seaside Resort

Where people visit to relax and enjoy themselves.
• Close to industrial areas with large populations, with

good rail and roads
• On the sea−front are hotels and entertainments such
as pubs and bingo
• Guest houses are found inland where the land is
cheaper to buy
• Housing found further inland, with industry on the
outskirts
• Promenades pedestrian roads along the front of the
resort
REVIEW
LAND USE
RESIDENTIAL
COMMERCIAL
INDUSTRIAL
INSTITUTIONAL
PARKS / PLAYGROUNDS
INFRASTRUCTURE / UTILITIES
AGRICULTURE
FOREST
TOURISM
MINING / QUARRY
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REVIEW
LAND USE
CLUP Guidebook | 2014
REVIEW
LAND USE
17
9/2/23
REVIEW
LAND USE

URBAN VS RURAL SETTLEMENTS
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9/2/23
URBAN : One that’s in a city or town: lots of people live

there, and there are lots of different kinds of buildings
close together.
RURAL : One with lots of nature and open spaces, with

fewer people and buildings than urban or suburban areas.
KHAN ACADEMY
https://www.khanacademy.org/ela/cc-2nd-reading-vocab/xfb4fc0bf01437792:cc-2nd-rural-suburban-urban/xfb4fc0bf01437792:rural-suburban-urban-
building-knowledge/a/rural-suburban-urban-unit-vocabulary
Urban and rural settlements differ in demographics, land

area, and usage, population density, transportation
networks, and economic dependencies. These
characteristics are the defining differences that
geographers and city planners observe between rural and
urban centers.
US Census 2000
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DEMOGRAPHICS
Urban settlements contain a heterogeneous population

consisting of different ages, cultures and ethnicities,
whereas,
Rural areas contain a more homogenous population based

on family, similar ethnicities and fewer cultural influences.
US Census 2000

LAND AREA AND USAGE
Urban settlements are more expansive and contain a wide

range of land uses.
For instance, major metropolitan areas use density zoning to indicate
different levels of development.
Rural settlements are more or less self-contained and may

not use zoning controls or have limited planning and
development regulations.
US Census 2000
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9/2/23

POPULATION DENSITY
The U.S. Census Bureau defines urban settlements as areas

with more than 50,000 people and at least 1,000 people per
square mile; including contiguous census tracts or blocks
with at least 500 people per square mile.
Rural settlements contain less than 2,500 people, at a

density between one and 999 people per square mile.
US Census 2000

POPULATION DENSITY
Philippine Context
More on this later.
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9/2/23

TRANSPORTATION NETWORK
Urban settlements contain highway infrastructure as well

as airports and light or heavy commuter rail.
Rural transportation networks consist of local and county

roads with limited interconnectivity to rail and bus lines.
US Census 2000

ECONOMY
Urban areas are dependent on a global economy of import

and export.
Rural economies rely on a local and agricultural-based

economy with dependencies on services, such as hospitals
and educational establishments in nearby urban centres.
US Census 2000
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9/2/23

URBAN SETTLEMENTS
URBAN SETTLEMENTS
Most governments define urban settlements based on one
or a combination of criteria, including population size,
population density, and social and economic factors, such
as the proportion of the labor force engaged in non-
agricultural activities; the administrative or political status
of a locality, such as national, provincial, or district capitals,
or census designations.
Hardoy et al., 2001
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9/2/23
https://ourw orldindata.org/urbanization
REVIEW
WHAT IS URBAN? (Philippine Setting)
(1) If a barangay has a population size of 5,000 or more, then a

barangay is considered urban, or
(2) If a barangay has at least one establishment with a

minimum of 100 employees, a barangay is considered urban, or
(3) If a barangay has 5 or more establishments with a minimum

of 10 employees, and 5 or more facilities within the two-
kilometer radius from the barangay hall, then a barangay is
considered urban.
NSCB Resolution No. 9 | Series of 2003
https://psa.gov.ph/article/adoption-operational-definition-urban-areas-philippines
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9/2/23
REVIEW
BE IT RESOLVED FURTHER that:
• All barangays in the National Capital Region be

automatically classified as urban;
• All highly urbanized cities be subjected to the urban-

rural criteria in order to determine its urban-rural
classification;
REVIEW
3 KM
REQUIREMENTS:
(1) Population size of 5,000 or

more
2 KM
(2) At least one
establishment with a
minimum of 100 employees
(3a) 5 or more 1 KM
establishments with a
minimum of 10 employees,
11
(3b) 5 or more facilities
within the two-kilometer 12
radius from the barangay
hall
14
NOT URBAN
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9/2/23
REVIEW
3 KM
REQUIREMENTS:

more 102
2 KM
(2) At least one
(3a) 5 or more 1 KM
11
hall
14
URBAN
REVIEW
3 KM
REQUIREMENTS:

more
2 KM
(2) At least one
10
(3a) 5 or more 1 KM
11
hall
14
NOT URBAN
26
9/2/23
REVIEW
3 KM
REQUIREMENTS:

more
2 KM
(2) At least one
10
(3a) 5 or more 1 KM
11
hall
14
12
NOT URBAN
REVIEW
3 KM
REQUIREMENTS:

more 5
2 KM
(2) At least one
10
(3a) 5 or more 1 KM
minimum of 10 employees, 4
11
within the two-kilometer 12 12
hall
14
10
12
7
URBAN
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9/2/23
REVIEW
3 KM
REQUIREMENTS:

more 102 5
2 KM
(2) At least one
10
(3a) 5 or more 1 KM
minimum of 10 employees, 4
11
within the two-kilometer 12 8
hall
14
7
URBAN
REVIEW
• The NSO adopt the recommended definition starting in

the 2005 Census of Population (PopCen);
• The NSO conduct parallel runs for generation of data on

urban population using the old and new definitions in
the 2005 PopCen; and
• The NSO and NSCB spearhead the conduct of an

advocacy campaign to inform users on the new
definition of urban barangays.
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9/2/23
URBANIZATION
Refers to the concentration of human populations into

discrete areas. This concentration leads to the
transformation of land for residential, commercial, industrial
and transportation purposes. It can include densely
populated centers, as well as their adjacent peri-urban or
suburban fringes.
https://w w w .epa.gov/caddis-vol2/urbanization-overview #:~:text=Urbanization%20refers%20to%20the%20concentration,fringes%20(see%20Figure%201).
URBANIZATION (PH SETTING)
https://psa.gov.ph/population-and-housing/node/167692
29
9/2/23
https://psa.gov.ph/population-and-housing/node/167692
URBANIZATION
Today, some 56% of the world’s population – 4.4 billion

inhabitants – live in cities. This trend is expected to continue,
with the urban population more than doubling its current
size by 2050, at which point nearly 7 of 10 people will live in
cities.
https://w w w .w orldbank.org/en/topic/urbandevelopm ent/overview
30
9/2/23
URBANIZATION
Much of this urbanization will unfold in Africa and Asia,

bringing huge social, economic and environmental
transformations. Urbanization has the potential to usher in a
new era of well-being, resource efficiency and economic
growth.
https://w w w .unfpa.org/urbanization#readm ore-expand
But cities are also home to high

concentrations of poverty.
31
9/2/23
Number of people living in urban and rural areas, World
Number of people living in urban and rural areas, World
32
9/2/23
Share of people living in slums
Just under 1-in-3 urban dwellers live

in slum households
33
9/2/23
Slum Household
Defined as a group of individuals living under the same roof

lacking one or more of the following conditions: access to
improved water, access to improved sanitation, sufficient
living area, and durability of housing.
34
9/2/23
URBANIZATION
By 2050, it’s projected that 68% of the world’s population will

live in urban areas. In fact, by 2050 there are very few
countries where rural shares are expected to be higher
than urban. These include several across Sub-Saharan
Africa, Asia, Pacific Island States, and Guyana in Latin
America.
35
9/2/23
URBANIZATION-RELATED ARTICLE:
https://ourworldindata.org/urbanization
with Hannah Ritchie and Max Roser
36
9/2/23

CURRENT AND FUTURE URBAN CHALLENGES
DEMOGRAPHIC CHALLENGES
A key problem is that most of the rapid urban growth is
taking place in countries least able to cope – in terms of the
ability of governments to provide, or facilitate the provision
of, urban infrastructure; in terms of the ability of urban
residents to pay for such services and in terms of resilience
to natural disasters. The outcome of this has been the rapid
growth of urban slums and squatter settlements.
37
9/2/23
ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES
It is predicted that with urbanization, climate change will

negatively affect access to water and that hundreds of
millions of people will be vulnerable to coastal flooding and
related natural disasters as global warming increases. The
poorest countries and people will be the most vulnerable to
this threat and who will suffer the earliest and the most.
https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2022/04/global-urbanization-material-consumption/
38
9/2/23
ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES
The dependence on oil of urban settlements is also a major

environmental concern. Sprawling and low-density
settlements prove to encourage the use of fossil fuel
compared to high-density communities. Vehicle emissions
contribute significantly to greenhouse gas emissions and
hence global warming.
HISTORY OF SETTLEMENTS IN THE PHILIPPINES

PRE-COLONIAL
39
9/2/23
BEYER’S WAVE
MIGRATION THEORY
H. Otley Beyer
Founder of the Anthropology Department
University of the Philippines
BEYER’S WAVE MIGRATION THEORY

According to Dr. Beyer, the ancestors of the Filipinos came in different "waves of migration", as
follows:
• "Dawn Man", a cave-man type who was similar to Java man, Peking Man, and other Asian
Homo erectus of 250,000 years ago.
• The aboriginal pygmy group, the Negritos, who arrived between 25,000 and 30,000 years
ago via land bridges.
• The seafaring tool-using Indonesian group who arrived about 5,000 to 6,000 years ago and
were the first immigrants to reach the Philippines by sea.
• The seafaring, more civilized Malays who brought the Iron Age culture and were the real
colonizers and dominant cultural group in the pre-Hispanic Philippines.
40
9/2/23
CORE POPULATION
THEORY
Felipe Landa Jocano
Anthropologist
University of the Philippines
TABON CAVE
https://w w w .nationalm useum .gov.ph/our-m useum s/regional-area-and-site-m useum s/tabon-cave-com plex/
41
9/2/23
200-500 AD
The emergence of Barangay city-states and trade
Ethnic groups established numerous city-states formed by

the assimilation of several small political units known as
barangay each headed by a Datu which was answerable to
a Rajah.
BALANGAY
42
9/2/23
200-500 AD
Each barangay consisted of about 100 families. Some

barangays were big, such as Zubu (Cebu), Butuan, Maktan
(Mactan), Mandani (Mandaue), Lalan (Liloan), Irong-
Irong(Iloilo), Bigan (Vigan), and Selurong (Manila). Each of
these big barangays had a population of more than 2,000.

SPANISH OCCUPATION
43
9/2/23
CEBU
Following Magellan, Spanish explorers

led by Miguel López de Legazpi sailing
from Mexico arrived in 1565 and
established a colony in the island of
Cebu.
CEBU
The Spaniards established settlements, trade flourished and

renamed the island to "Villa del Santíssimo Nombre de
Jesús" (Town of the Most Holy Name of Jesus). Cebu
became the first European settlement established by the
Spanish Cortés in the Philippines.
44
9/2/23
INTRAMUROS
It was built to protect the seat of the Spanish government

from hostile native revolts, and raiding Chinese sea pirates.
The plans for Intramuros were based on King Philip II of
Spain's Royal Ordinance issued on July 3, 1573 in San Lorenzo,
Spain.
INTRAMUROS
Its design was based upon a star fort or trace italienne and
covered 64 hectares of land, surrounded by 8 feet thick
stones and high walls that rise 22 feet.
45
9/2/23
TRACE
ITALIENNE
https://w w w .google.com /search?q=trace%2
0italienne&tbm =isch&tbs=isz:l&client=safari
&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CAIQ pw VqFw oTCKiVg-
-
b_YADFQ AAAAAdAAAAABAQ &biw =1425&bih
=823#im grc=VlFVshxqLq0w JM
INTRAMUROS
46
9/2/23
INTRAMUROS
BINONDO
Founded in 1594, Binondo was created by Spanish Governor

Luis Pérez Dasmariñas as a permanent settlement for
converted Chinese immigrants (called sangleys) across the
river from the walled city of Intramuros where the Spaniards
resided.
47
9/2/23

AMERICAN PERIOD
48
9/2/23
BAGUIO
The region around Baguio was first settled primarily by the

Kankana-eys and the Ibalois. In the nearby town of La
Trinidad, Spaniards established a commandante or military
garrison, although Kafagway, as Baguio was once known,
was barely touched.
BAGUIO
The famous American architect Daniel Burnham, one of the

earliest successful modern city planners, laid a meticulous
plan for the city in 1904. His plan was, nevertheless, realized
only to a small extent, primarily due to growth of the city
well beyond its initial planned population of 25,000 people.
49
DANIEL BURNHAM
50
9/2/23
9/2/23
51
9/2/23
MANILA
52
9/2/23
MANILA, IF THE PROPOSED PLAN WAS FOLLOWED
Above the Philippines – Facebook
end.
53
9/2/23
HOUSING
WEEK NO. 04
HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT LAWS & AGENCIES

HOUSING AGENCIES
1
9/2/23
GOVERNMENT OFFICES ON
HOUSING AND SETTLEMENTS
Housing and Urban Development

Coordinating Council
HUDCC
Was the highest policy-making and

coordinating office on shelter programs.
It was established by President Corazon

Aquino through Executive Order No. 90,
Series of 1986.
2
9/2/23
Housing & Land Use

Regulatory Board
HLURB
Formerly Human Settlement Regulatory Commission
The sole regulatory for housing and land

development. It ensures rational land use
for the equitable distribution and
enjoyment of development benefits.
Housing & Land Use

Regulatory Board
HLURB
It is charged with encouraging greater

private sector participation in low-cost
housing through liberalization of
development standards, simplification of
regulations, and decentralization of
approvals for permits and licenses.
3
9/2/23
Housing & Land Use

Regulatory Board
HLURB
It extends comprehensive and

productive planning assistance to
provinces, cities, and municipalities
toward the formulation of
Comprehensive Land Use Plans (CLUPs).
National Housing Authority

NHA
The sole government agency engaged in

direct shelter production focused on
providing housing assistance to the
lowest 30% of urban income-earners
through slum upgrading, squatter
relocation, development of sites and
services, and construction of core
housing units.
4
9/2/23
National Housing Authority

NHA
In addition, it undertakes programs for

the improvement of blighted urban
areas and provides technical assistance
for private developers undertaking low-
cost housing projects.
Home Guarantee Corporation

HGC
Formerly Home Insurance Guarantee Corporation
Mobilizes all necessary resources to

broaden the capital base for the
effective delivery of housing and other
related services, primarily for the low-
income earners through a viable system
of credit insurance, mortgage guarantee,
and securities.
5
9/2/23

HGC
It supports homeownership among

Filipinos by encouraging banks and
financial institutions to lend to individual
home buyers and housing developers.

HGC
It assures lenders and investors in

housing by issuing loan and
securitization guarantees.
The HMDF and NHMFC, however, directly lend money to housing

developers and individual/group borrowers.
6
9/2/23
National Home Mortgage

Finance Corporation
NHMFC
With the mandate of increasing the

availability of affordable housing loans to
finance the Filipino homebuyer's on their
acquisition of housing units through the
development and operation of a
secondary market for home mortgages.
7
9/2/23

Finance Corporation
NHMFC
Consistent with this mandate NHMFC

bought mortgages originated by private
financial institutions and eventually sold
them back to the public through the
issuance of mortgage backed financial
instruments.

Finance Corporation
NHMFC
The major government home mortgage

institution. It is also charged with the
development of a system that will attract
private institutional funds into long-term
housing mortgages.
8
Housing & Land Use National Housing Home Guarantee
9/2/23
Housing and Urban

Development
Housing & Land Use National Housing Home Guarantee National Home Mortgage
Regulatory Board Authority Corporation Finance Corporation
GOVERNMENT AGENCIES INVOLVED IN

HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS
9
9/2/23
Home Development Mutual Fund

HDMF
Commonly known as the Pag-Ibig Fund
Focuses on the administration of a

nationwide provident fund for the
government’s housing program, and
formulates other investment strategies
relative to housing as well as improve its
collection efficiency.
Social Housing Finance

Corporation
SHFC
Was created through E.O. 272, which

directs the transfer of the Community
Mortgage Program (CMP), Abot Kaya
Pabahay Fund (AKPF) Program, and other
social housing powers and functions of
the National Home Mortgage Finance
Corporation to the SHFC.
*E.O. = Executive Order
10
9/2/23

Corporation
SHFC
The lead government agency to

undertake social housing programs that
will cater to the formal and informal
sectors in the low-income bracket.

Corporation
SHFC
Take charge of developing and

administering social housing program
schemes, particularly the CMP and the
AKPF Program (amortization support
program and development financing
program).
11
9/2/23
Housing and Urban

Development
Housing & Land Use National Housing Home Guarantee National Home Mortgage
Regulatory Board Authority Corporation Finance Corporation
Home Development Social Housing

Mutual Fund Finance Corporation
OVERALL COORDINATOR
FORMULATING POLICY HOUSING PRODUCTION ENCOURAGE BANKS INCREASE THE

& GUIDELINES (LOW-INCOME FAMILY) TO LEND TO HOME AVAILABILITY OF
BUYERS HOUSING LOAN
ADMINISTRATION OF DEVELOP SOCIAL HOUSING

NATIONAL SAVINGS PROGRAM (FORMAL/INFORMAL
AND FINANCING LOW-INCOME BRACKET)
12
9/2/23
OTHER GOVERNMENT AGENCIES

RESPONSIBLE FOR HOUSING PROJECTS
BIR – Bureau of Internal Revenue

BLISS – Bagong Lipunan Improvement of Sites and Services
BSWM – Bureau of Soils and Water Management
CHR – Commission for Human Rights
DA – Department of Agriculture
DAP – Development Academy of the Philippines
DAR – Department of Agrarian Reform
DENR – Department of Environment and Natural Resources
DILG – Department of Interior and Local Government
DOE – Department of Education
DSWD – Department of Social Welfare and Development
EMB – Environment Management Bureau
LGU – Local Government Units
LMB – Land Management Bureau
NAMRIA – National Mapping and Resource Information Authority
NEDA – National Economic and Development Authority
PSA – Philippine Statistics Authority
PCUP – Presidential Commission for the Urban Poor
13
9/2/23
HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT LAWS & AGENCIES

PHILIPPINE LAWS ON SETTLEMENTS

LAWS THAT ENSURE RATIONAL LAND USE AND
SUSTAINABLE URBAN AND REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT
14
9/2/23
Executive Order No. 72

Providing for the Preparation and Implementation of the
Comprehensive Land Use Plans of Local Government Units
Pursuant to the Local Government Code of 1991 and Other
Pertinent Laws
Memorandum Circular No. 54

Prescribing the Guidelines of Sec. 20, R.A. 7160, Authorizing
Cities/Municipalities to Reclassify Lands into Non-Agricultural
Uses
15
9/2/23
Executive Order No. 124

Establishing Priorities and Procedures in Evaluating Areas for
Land Conversion in Regional Agricultural/Industrial Centers,
Tourism Development Areas Sites for Socialized Housing

LAWS THAT REGULATE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
SELLERS, DEVELOPERS AND BUYERS OF SUBDIVISION
LOTS AND CONDOMINIUM UNITS, AND PROVIDE
QUASI-JUDICIAL AND CRIMINAL REMEDIES FOR
BREACH OF STATUTORY AND CONTRACTUAL
OBLIGATIONS
16
9/2/23
Presidential Decree No. 957 (As Amended By P.D. 1216)

Subdivision and Condominium Buyer's Protective Decree
Regulating the Sale of Subdivision Lots and Condominiums,
Providing Penalties For Violations Thereof
Presidential Decree No. 1216

Defining "Open Space" in Residential Subdivision and
Amending Sec. 31 of PD 957 Requiring Subdivision Owners to
Provide Roads, Alleys, Sidewalks and Reserve Open Space for
Parks or Recreational Use
17
9/2/23
Presidential Decree No. 1344

Empowering the NHA to Issue Writ of Execution in the
Enforcement of its Decisions Under P.D. 957
Batas Pambansa 220

An Act Authorizing the Ministry of Human Settlements to
Establish and Promulgate Different Levels of Standards and
Technical Requirements for Economic and Socialized
Housing Projects in Urban and Rural Areas from Those
Provided Under Presidential Decrees Numbered Nine
Hundred Fifty-Seven, Twelve Hundred Sixteen, Ten Hundred
Ninety-Six and Eleven Hundred Eighty-Five
18
9/2/23
Republic Act 7279

Urban Development and Housing Act. An Act to Provide For a
Comprehensive and Continuing Urban Development and
Housing Program, Establish the Mechanism for its
Implementation, and for Other Purposes
Republic Act 4726

The Condominium Act. An Act to Define Condominium,
Establish Requirements for its Creation, and Govern its
Incidents
19
9/2/23
Republic Act 7899

“The Condominium Act” Amending Sections 4 and 6 of
R.A. 4726
Executive Order 71
Devolution of HLURB Function to Approved Subdivision Plan
of LGUS
Executive Order 184

Creating Socialized Housing One-Stop Processing Centers
Republic Act 6552

Realty Installment Buyer Protection Act
20
9/2/23

LAWS REGARDING HOUSING AND URBAN
DEVELOPMENT
Republic Act 9266

"The New Architecture Law”
Republic Act 7279

"Urban Development and Housing Act of 1992”
Republic Act 9161

"Rental Reform Act of 2002"
21
9/2/23
Presidential Decree 1267

"Creating a National Home Mortgage Finance Corporation
(NHMFC)”

"Amending the Act Creating the Home Development Mutual
Fund (HDMF)"

"An Act Creating the National Housing Authority (NHA)”

"An Act Creating the Human Settlement Commission (HSC)"
22
9/2/23

“Law Defining ‘Open Space’ in Residential Subdivision”
(Amendment to PD957)

"Human Settlement Regulatory Commission” (Amendment
to PD933)
Republic Act 7835

"Comprehensive and Integrated Shelter Financing Act of
1994”

"Subdivision and Condominium Buyer’s Protective Decree”
23
9/2/23
Republic Act 4726

"Condominium Law”
Batas Pambansa bilang 220

"Standards for Socialized and Economic Housing”
Republic Act 8763

"Creating the Home Guarantee Corporation” (renaming the
HIGC)

"Anti-Squatting Law”
24
9/2/23
Republic Act 8368

"An Act Decriminalizing Squatting”
Republic Act 6657

“Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law”
Republic Act 7160

“Local Government Code”
Republic Act 496

“Land Registration Act” (Amended by RA 440)
Executive Order no. 90

“Designating HLURB as the regulatory body for housing and
land development under the Housing and Urban
Development Coordinating Council”
25
9/2/23

“Created the Task Force for Human Settlement (TFHS)”

“Reorganizing the Human Settlements Regulatory
Commission”
OTHER RELATED LAWS:
Presidential Decrees no. 399, 815, 1216, 1344, and 517

Republic Act no. 6552
Letters of Instruction no. 713, 729, 833, and 935
Presidential Proclamation no. 1893 and 1967
26
9/2/23
UPDATE
REPUBLIC ACT No. 11201

An Act Creating the Department of Human Settlements and
Urban Development, Defining its Mandate, Powers and
Functions, and Appropriating Funds Therefor
Department of Human Settlements

and Urban Development
DHSUD
The primary government agency

responsible for the management of
housing, human settlement and urban
development. It was created on February
14, 2019 by virtue of Republic Act 11201.
27
9/2/23
Department of Human Settlements

and Urban Development
DHSUD
The sole and main planning and policy-

making, regulatory, program coordination,
and performance monitoring entity for all
housing, human settlement and urban
development concerns, primarily focusing
on the access to and affordability of basic
human needs.
UPDATE
REPUBLIC ACT No. 11201

RA 11201 consolidated the functions of the Housing and Land Use
Regulatory Board and Housing and Urban Development
Coordinating Council to become DHSUD, except for
adjudication, which is now handled by its attached agency, the
Human Settlements Adjudication Commission.
28
9/2/23
Human Settlements Adjudication

Commission
HSAC
Reconstituted from Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board
It is mandated to adjudicate, among

others, disputes relating to real estate
development, homeowners association,
and appeals from decisions of local and
regional planning and zoning bodies.
29
9/2/23
Department of Human Housing & Land Use

Settlements and Urban Regulatory Board
Housing and Urban Development
Development
Human Settlements National Housing Home Guarantee National Home Mortgage

Adjudication Commission Authority Corporation Finance Corporation

Department of Human
Settlements and Urban
Development
Human Settlements National Housing Home Guarantee National Home Mortgage

Adjudication Commission Authority Corporation Finance Corporation

30
9/2/23
Department of Human
Settlements and Urban
Development
Human Settlements
Adjudication Commission
National Housing National Home Mortgage Home Development Social Housing

Authority Finance Corporation Mutual Fund Finance Corporation
end.
31
9/11/23
HOUSING
WEEK NO. 05
HOUSING TYPOLOGIES AND

PHILIPPINE HOUSING SUBSIDIES
1
9/11/23
HOUSING TYPOLOGIES
BASED ON ZONING / OCCUPANCY CLASSIFICATIONS
(EXCERPTS FROM PD 1096)
OCCUPANCY
GROUP A - RESIDENTIAL
DIVISION 1
Residential building/structure for exclusive use of single-family

occupants including school or company staff housing; single
(nuclear) family dwellings; churches or similar places of worship;
church rectories; community facilities and social centers; parks,
playgrounds, pocket parks, parkways, promenades and play lots; (…)
National Building Code of the Philippines
2
9/11/23
OCCUPANCY
DIVISION 1
(…) clubhouses and recreational uses such as golf courses, tennis

courts, basketball courts, swimming pools, and similar uses
operated by the government or private individuals as membership
organizations for the benefit of their members, families, and guests
and not operated primarily for gain.
ZONING
DIVISION A-1 ( R – 1 )
A low-density residential zone, characterized mainly by

single-family, single-detached dwellings with the usual
community ancillary uses on a neighborhood scale, such
as executive subdivisions and relatively exclusive
residential communities which are not subdivisions.
3
9/11/23
FIREWALL
REVIEW
ZONING
Ar. Pedro Santos Jr

OCCUPANCY
DIVISION 2
Residential building for the exclusive use of non-leasing occupants

not exceeding 10 persons including single-attached or duplex or
townhouses, each privately-owned; school dormitories (on
campus); convents and monasteries; military or police
barracks/dormitories;
4
9/11/23
OCCUPANCY
DIVISION 2
(…) pre-schools, elementary and high schools, provided that they do

not exceed 16 classrooms; outpatient clinics, family planning clinics,
lying-in clinics, diagnostics clinics, medical and clinical laboratories;
branch library and museums; steam/dry cleaning outlets; party
needs and accessories (leasing of tables and chairs, etc.).
ZONING
A medium-density residential use or occupancy,

characterized mainly as a low-rise single-attached, duplex
or multi-level building/ structure for exclusive use as
multiple-family dwellings. This includes R-2 structures
within semi-exclusive subdivisions and semi-exclusive
residential communities which are not subdivisions.
5
9/11/23
ZONING
There shall be two (2) general types of R-2 use or occupancy, to wit:
Basic R - 2 : single-attached or duplex building/structure of from

one (1) storey up to three (3) storeys in height and with each unit
for separate use as single-family dwellings and;
Maximum R - 2 : low-rise multi-level building/structure of from

three (3) up to five (5) storeys in height and for use as multiple
family dwellings
FIREWALL
REVIEW
ZONING
Ar. Pedro Santos Jr
6
9/11/23
FIREWALL
REVIEW
ZONING
Ar. Pedro Santos Jr

OCCUPANCY
DIVISION B - 1
Group B Occupancies shall be multiple dwelling units including

boarding or lodging houses, hotels, apartment buildings, row
houses, convents, monasteries and other similar building each of
which accommodates more than 10 persons.
7
9/11/23
ZONING
DIVISION B-1 ( R – 3 )
A high-density residential-use or occupancy,

characterized mainly as a low-rise or medium-rise
building/ structure for exclusive use as multiple-family
dwellings with mixed housing types. R-3 structure may
include low-rise or medium-rise residential condominium
buildings that are already commercial in nature and scale.

ZONING
There shall be two (2) general types of R-3 use or occupancy, to wit:
Basic R-3 : Rowhouse building/structure of from one (1) storey up to

three (3) storeys in height and with each unit for separate use as
single-family dwellings; and
Maximum R-3 : Medium-rise multi-level building/ structure of from six

(6) up to twelve (12) storeys in height and for use as multiple-family
dwellings
8
9/11/23
FIREWALL
REVIEW
ZONING
Ar. Pedro Santos Jr
FIREWALL
REVIEW
ZONING
Ar. Pedro Santos Jr
9
9/11/23
ZONING
A medium to high-density residential use or occupancy,

characterized mainly as a low-rise townhouse building/
structure for exclusive use as multiple family dwellings.
The term R-4 specifically refers to the building/structure on
an individual lot (a townhouse unit) and generally refers to
the series or rows of R-4 buildings/structures within a
subdivided lot or property (an R- 4 development).
FIREWALL
REVIEW
ZONING
Ar. Pedro Santos Jr
10
9/11/23
FIREWALL
REVIEW
ZONING
Ar. Pedro Santos Jr

ZONING
A very high-density residential use or occupancy,

characterized mainly as a medium-rise or high-rise
condominium building/structure for exclusive use as
multiple family dwelling.
11
9/11/23
FIREWALL
REVIEW
ZONING
Ar. Pedro Santos Jr
FIREWALL
REVIEW
ZONING
Ar. Pedro Santos Jr
12
9/11/23
13
9/11/23
HOUSING TYPOLOGIES
APPLICABLE FOR BOTH ECONOMIC AND SOCIALIZED
HOUSING UNDER BATAS PAMBANSA 220
(BP220)
14
9/11/23
SOCIALIZED HOUSING
Refers to housing programs and projects covering houses and lot and homelots
only undertaken by the government or the private sector for the underprivileged
and homeless citizens which shall include sites and services development, long
term financing, liberalized terms on interest payments, and such other benefits in
accordance with the provisions of R.A. 7279 or the Urban Development and
Housing Act of 1992.
Revised Rules and Standards for Economic and Socialized Housing Projects
ECONOMIC HOUSING
A type of housing project provided to average income families.
15
9/11/23
APPLICABLE FOR BOTH ECONOMIC AND

SOCIALIZED HOUSING UNDER BP 220
Single Family Dwelling Other Types of Housing

Single Detached Open-Market Housing (under PD 975)
Single Attached/Duplex Single Detached
Rowhouses Townhouse/townhomes
Multi-Family Dwelling Residential Condominium
Medium-rise Building (MRBs) Cluster Housing
BP 220
DWELLING TYPES
Single-Detached
A dwelling for 1 family which is completely surrounded by permanent open
spaces, with independent access, services, and use of land.
16
9/11/23
SINGLE-DETACHED
https://w w w .google.com /url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fw w w .lancasternew city.com .ph%2Faira%2F&psig=AO vVaw 2Gdm 0SNXKpKA_fbD6idqVO &ust=1693925042252000&s
ource=im ages&cd=vfe&opi=89978449&ved=0CBAQ jRxqFw oTCO DistW YkYEDFQ AAAAAdAAAAABAE
BP 220
DWELLING TYPES
Duplex/Single Attached
A dwelling containing 2 or more separate living units each of which is separated
from another by party or lot lines walls and provided with independent access,
services, and use of land. Such dwelling shall include duplexes, quadruplex or
terraces, and cluster housing.
17
9/11/23
SINGLE-ATTACHED
https://villasdelpueblo.com /property/kyla-single-attached-6/
DUPLEX
http://w w w .pres.ph/acacia-tw o-storey-duplex/acacia-tw o-storey-duplex-2/
18
9/11/23
BP 220
DWELLING TYPES
Row house
A single-attached dwelling containing 3 or more separate living units designed in
such a way that they abut each other at the sides, as in a row, and are separated
from each other by party walls; provided with independent access, and use of
land. There shall be a maximum of 20 units per block or cluster but in no case shall
this be beyond 100 meters in length.
ROWHOUSE
https://w w w .bria.com .ph/articles/your-guide-to-the-different-types-of-house-and-lots-in-the-philippines/
19
9/11/23
BP 220
DWELLING TYPES
Single-family dwelling
Shall mean single family per lot.
BP 220
DWELLING TYPES
Multi-Family Dwelling
A dwelling on 1 lot containing separate living units for 3 or more families, usually
provided with common access, services and use of land.
20
9/11/23
BP 220
DWELLING-RELATED
Cluster Housing
Single-family detached dwelling unit containing three or more separate living
units grouped closely together to form relatively compact structures.
CLUSTER HOUSING
https://w w w .panticarchitects.com /design/houses/vf-estate-cluster-housing.htm l

https://w w w .cascadia-partners.com /project-cottage-cluster-feasibility-analysis
21
9/11/23
BP 220
DWELLING-RELATED
Socialized Housing
Refers to housing programs and projects covering houses and lot and homelots
only undertaken by the government or the private sector for the underprivileged
and homeless citizens which shall include sites and services development, long
term financing, liberalized terms on interest payments, and such other benefits in
accordance with the provisions of R.A. 7279 or the Urban Development and
Housing Act of 1992.
BP 220
DWELLING-RELATED
Economic Housing
A type of housing project provided to average income families.
22
9/11/23
BP 220
DWELLING-RELATED
Open-Market Housing
Housing constructed and financed by the private sector as a business venture
and sold at prevailing market prices and interest.
BP 220
LEVEL OF COMPLETION
Shell house
A habitable dwelling unit which meets the minimum requirements for a housing
core with the following additional components being included as part thereof:
1) All exterior walls to enclose the unit 4) Electrical wiring within the unit
2) Openings for doors and windows 5) Floor
3) Plumbing fixtures
23
9/11/23
BP 220
LEVEL OF COMPLETION
Complete House
A habitable dwelling unit which meets the minimum requirements for a shell
house with the following additional components being included as part thereof:
all windows and doors and partition walls for separating functional areas.
BP 220
LEVEL OF COMPLETION
ECONOMIC HOUSING SOCIALIZED HOUSING
Minimum level of
Complete House Shell House
Completion
24
9/11/23
HOUSING TYPOLOGIES
BASED ON PHILIPPINE STATISTICS AUTHORITY
(PSA)
https://rsso12.psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/Housing%20Characteristics%20-%20Tupi.pdf
25
9/11/23
https://rsso12.psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/Housing%20Characteristics%20-%20Tupi.pdf
HOUSING TYPOLOGIES
BASED ON ECONOMIC POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE
DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL WELFARE AND DEVELOPMENT
(EPRI – DSWD)
26
9/11/23
Final report
“Process review and assessment of the Modified Conditional Cash Transfer for
Homeless Street Families”
17 December 2019
https://pantawid.dswd.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/1-Final-Report-Process-Review-and-Assessment-of-the-Modified-Conditional-Cash-
Transfer-for-Homeless-Street-Families.pdf
https://pantawid.dswd.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/1-Final-Report-Process-Review-and-Assessment-of-the-Modified-Conditional-Cash-
Transfer-for-Homeless-Street-Families.pdf
27
9/11/23
HOUSING TYPOLOGIES
BASED ON PHILIPPINE STATISTICS AUTHORITY
COMMUNITY-BASED MONITORING SYSTEM
(PSA-CBMS)
COMMUNITY-BASED MONITORING SYSTEM

https://cbms.psa.gov.ph/resources/enumerator/06-concepts.html#building
28
9/11/23
BUILDING
A building is defined as any structure built, designed, or intended for the

enclosure, shelter, or protection of any person, animal, or property. It consists of
one (1) or more rooms and/or other spaces, covered by a roof, and usually
enclosed within external walls or with common dividing walls with adjacent
buildings, which usually extend from the foundation to the roof.
Buildings to be listed
Only those buildings that contain:
(1) living quarters, and

(2) service facilities and infrastructures whether occupied or vacant
29
9/11/23
LIVING QUARTERS
Structurally separate and independent places of abode. Considered as living

quarters are the following:
• Those which have been constructed, built, converted, or arranged for human
habitation, provided that they are not at the time of the data collection used
wholly for other purposes; or
• Those which have been constructed for purposes other than human
habitation but being used as living quarters at the time of the data collection.
HOUSING TYPOLOGIES AND PHILIPPINE HOUSING SUBSIDIES

30
9/11/23
TITLE / TOPIC
WHAT IS A SUBSIDY?
A subsidy is a benefit given to an individual, business, or institution,

usually by the government. It is usually in the form of a cash payment
or a tax reduction. The subsidy is typically given to remove some type
of burden, and it is often considered to be in the overall interest of the
public, given to promote a social good or an economic policy.
TITLE / TOPIC
WHAT IS A SUBSIDY?
• A subsidy is a direct or indirect payment to individuals or firms,

usually in the form of a cash payment from the government or a
targeted tax cut.
• In economic theory, subsidies can be used to offset market failures
and externalities to achieve greater economic efficiency.
https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/subsidy.asp#:~:text=A%20subsidy%20is%20a%20direct,to%20achieve%20greater%20economic%20efficiency.
31
9/11/23
TITLE / TOPIC
WHAT IS A SUBSIDY?
• Critics of subsidies point to problems with calculating optimal

subsidies, overcoming unseen costs, and preventing political
incentives from making subsidies more burdensome than they
are beneficial.
https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/subsidy.asp#:~:text=A%20subsidy%20is%20a%20direct,to%20achieve%20greater%20economic%20efficiency.

POLICY FRAMEWORK OF HOUSING SUBSIDIES
32
9/11/23
Housing is a major expenditure item for households. It is the largest and most
widely owned asset by households. To substantially improve access to
housing by targeted sectors such as the poor, the Philippine government has
provided subsidies that are expected to bring down the cost of housing.
A Study of Housing Subsidies in the Philippines, Llanto et al | https://pidswebs.pids.gov.ph/CDN/PUBLICATIONS/pidsdps9842.pdf
33
9/11/23
Assets Liabilities
Cash Bank debt
Investments Mortgage debt
Inventory Money owed to suppliers
Office equipment (accounts payable)
Machinery Wages owed
Real estate Taxes owed
Company-owned vehicles
34
9/11/23
What NEDA said: In a statement, NEDA said that it only showed “how a hypothetical monthly
2018
budget of P10,000 will be affected by a 4.6% inflation rate.”
https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/fact-check/204246-neda-filipino-family-5-members-monthly-budget/
May, 2023
https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1769686/govt-fix-sought-as-household-spending-continues-slide-gdp-growth-slowest-in-7-quarters
35
9/11/23
2022
HOUSEHOLD FINAL CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE, 2022
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Food and non-alcoholic beverages 36% 40% 35% 40%
Alcoholic beverages, tobacco 2% 2% 2% 2%
Clothing and footwear 2% 2% 2% 2%
Housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuels 12% 15% 13% 11%
Furnishings, household equipment and routine household maintenance 3% 3% 3% 3%
Health 4% 4% 5% 4%
Transport 10% 8% 11% 8%
Communication 3% 3% 2% 3%
Recreation and culture 1% 1% 1% 2%
Education 5% 5% 5% 5%
Restaurants and hotels 8% 5% 7% 8%
Miscellaneous goods and services 14% 13% 13% 14%
https://openstat.psa.gov.ph/PXWeb/pxweb/en/DB/DB__2B__NA__QT__2HFCE/0142B5CHFQ1.px/table/tableViewLayout1/?rxid=a14a4033-70d0-4874-90cc-cc76fa587101
September 2023
Gerard de la Peña
36
9/11/23
37
September 2023 September 2023
9/11/23
September 2023
September 2023
DATE TODAY: SEPTEMBER 9, 2023
38
9/11/23
The motivation behind the subsidies in the housing markets is the conviction
that the majority of the population will not be able to afford housing units
unless some form of subsidy is made available to them that brings down the
cost of production of housing units, or brings down the cost of a housing unit
for the end-user.
The prevailing public viewpoint is that every household must own a house, no
matter how humble it may be. Its opposite, renting a house is a less preferred,
second best situation. Home ownership is preferred because of the assurance
of a place to live in, its investment value, the status given by society to home
ownership and the uncertainties of its opposite--renting.
39
9/11/23
• National Shelter program has four major programs:
1. Mortgage financing (housing loan),

2. Direct housing production
3. Development loans (to finance the making, installing, or constructing of
the improvements necessary to convert raw land into
construction-ready building sites)
4. Community programs (social housing)

GOVERNMENT HOUSING SUBSIDY PROGRAMS
40
9/11/23
1970s to Mid-1980s
The government was involved in

the direct production and
provision of housing and related
services and imposed rent control
in an attempt to make housing
more accessible to the low- and
middle-income groups..

https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.flickr.com%2Fphotos%2F75485012%40N00%2F409057483&psig=AOvVaw31W2OBIJWWk8aXWyA3ihyC&ust=1693886499029000&source=images&cd=vfe&opi=89978449&ved=0CBAQjRxqFwoTCNDKrIqJkIEDFQAAAAAdAAAAABAE
1970s to Mid-1980s
Creation of a secondary mortgage system

operated through the National Home Mortgage
Finance Corporation (NHMFC).
The NHMFC drew funding from the Home Development

Mutual Fund (HDMF), paying 12.75% per annum. Those
funds were then lent to HDMF members at subsidized
interest rates.
41
9/11/23
1987
To rationalize the housing sector, the Aquino

government created through Executive Order No.
90, the Housing and Urban Development
Coordinating Council (HUDCC), the highest
policy making and coordinative body for urban
and housing development.
It formulates policies and guidelines to accomplish the

National Shelter Program, a scheme intended to deal
with the housing backlog.
1987
• Socialized and economic housing was differentiated and maintains different

financing approaches and regulations.
• The government encourages both private builders and financial institutions

to cater to the lower segment of the housing market by providing them a
package of mostly financial incentives and subsidies.
42
9/11/23
NATIONAL SHELTER PROGRAM
The government's comprehensive strategy to address the housing problem of

the country. It rests on three basic principles, namely:
(i) The Reliance on the initiative and capability of beneficiaries to solve their
housing problem with minimum assistance from the government;
(ii) The use of the private sector as the principal player in providing decent
and affordable housing and
(iii) The role of the government as enabler, facilitator and catalyst in the
housing market, and focused assistance to families within the poverty line.
NATIONAL SHELTER PROGRAM
The NSP has four major programs:

These programs target either direct end-
(a) production of housing units, beneficiaries/households or private
(b) mortgages, developers/private banks, the intermediary
(c) development loans and institutions used by the government to
(d) community programs. direct assistance to beneficiaries.
43
9/11/23

HOUSING SUBSIDY PROGRAMS

UNDER NATIONAL HOME MORTGAGE FINANCE CORPORATION (NHMFC)
Unified Home Lending Program (UHLP)
The subsidy, by design, accrues to and is being

paid for by the members of the funding
agencies
44
9/11/23

UNDER HOME DEVELOPMENT MUTUAL FUND (HDMF) / PAGIBIG
Housing Loan Availment
Two (2) modes of applying for a Pag-IBIG housing loan:
• Developer-Assisted - the developer assists the

member in his/her housing loan application and
• Retail - the member applies directly to the
Fund.
45
9/11/23

UNDER HOME DEVELOPMENT MUTUAL FUND (HDMF) / PAGIBIG
Housing Programs
Disposal of Pag-IBIG Fund Acquired Assets
HDMF Expanded Housing Program (EHLP)

This is the HDMF’s own mortgage finance program. It
essentially has the same features as the UHLP except
that it caters exclusively to HDMF members. Funding for
this, and other HDMF programs, comes from
government-imposed mandatory contributions to the
fund by workers and their employers.

UNDER NATIONAL HOUSING AUTHORITY (NHA)
Informal Settlers Families (ISF)
Involves relocation and resettlement of families living

in or along danger areas in Metro Manila particularly
those along waterways such as creeks, rivers, and
esteros. (…)
46
9/11/23

(…) Undertaken through in-city low-rise housing

development utilizing government-owned land or off-
city resettlement (outside Metro Manila) where in-city
project plans are not feasible.
Also covers implementation of alternative in-city

project schemes proposed by Program Stakeholders
(Informal Settler Families)

Resettlements Programs (ISFs in Metro Manila)
Addresses the resettlement requirements of families

affected by infrastructure projects in Metro Manila
and those living along danger areas in nearby
provinces of Rizal, Cavite, Laguna, Bulacan, Pampanga
and Bataan. Entails the provision of housing units,
community facilities, socio-economic and other
community support programs.
47
9/11/23

Regional Resettlements Programs
Involves the implementation of local/regional

resettlement projects as joint National Government
and Local Government undertakings. Addresses the
resettlement requirement of Local Government Units
(LGUs) outside Metro Manila involving families in
danger areas, those affected by infrastructure
projects, calamities, and for indigenous people.

Housing Assistance Programs for Calamity Victims
Responds to the housing need of low and marginal-

income and/or informal settler families for permanent
shelter affected by calamities such as typhoons,
landslides, earthquakes, and fires for relocation to safe
areas. (…)
48
9/11/23

(…) Also involves the provision of housing materials

assistance (HOMA) to families whose homes are
partially damaged by calamities in the “safe-zone” but
do not require relocation and resettlement.

Settlements Upgrading Program
Intended to address the security of tenure and

infrastructure requirements of informal settlements
on government land and proclaimed or designated as
socialized housing sites. (…)
49
9/11/23

(…) Covers survey and titling of individual lots for

disposition to qualified occupants, infrastructure
development, housing construction and rehabilitation
of existing project sites.

AFP-PNP Housing Program
The program is intended to provide decent and

affordable housing to low-salaried personnel of the
Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP), Philippines
National Police (PNP), Bureau of Jail Management and
Penology (BJMP), Bureau of Fire and Protection (BFP),
and the Bureau of Corrections (BuCor).
50
9/11/23
https://www.rappler.com/nation/189334-long-wait-kadamay-housing-pandi-bulacan/

Local Housing Program
Covers the implementation of cost-recoverable

socialized housing projects in urban and urbanizable
areas in all congressional districts. (…)
51
9/11/23

(…) This is mandated under RA 7835 or the

Comprehensive and Integrated Shelter Financing Act
of 1994 (CISFA) and may be implemented for various
housing options, land acquisition or land tenure
assistance schemes, and assistance for survey and
titling, provision/installation and repair of project
components and community facilities.

UNDER SOCIAL HOUSING FINANCE CORPORATION (SHFC)
Abot-Kaya Pabahay Fund Development Loan

Program (AKPF-DLP)
Abot-Kaya Pabahay Fund Development Loan Program

(AKPF-DLP) aims to provide low-income families in key
urban areas affordable houses by financing site
development or improvements and house/building
construction in CMP and other socialized housing
projects. (…)
52
9/11/23

(…) The program is open to corporations, single

proprietorship, and LGUs with partner developer of
socialized housing projects.

Community Mortgage Program (CMP)
A financing system that enables legally-organized

Informal Settler Families (ISFs) of blighted areas, or
areas for priority development to own the lots they
occupy or the land where they choose to be
relocated. (…)
53
9/11/23

(…) Financing under the CMP is done in three stages:
Stage 1: Involves land acquisition;

Stage 2: Site development; and
Stage 3: Individual housing loans.
https://www.bir.gov.ph/index.php/legal-matters/community-mortgage-program-cmp.html

High Density Housing (HDH)
The program is the SHFC’s participation to the informal

settler families' (ISFs) Housing Program being
implemented by the incumbent administration with an
allocated budget of P50 - billion for five (5) years. The
ISFs' Housing Program aims to ensure safe and flood-
resilient permanent housing solutions for the ISFs living
in danger areas of the National Capital Region (NCR).
54
9/11/23

Localized Community Mortgage Program (LCMP)
A modified community mortgage program, which

extends financial assistance for the acquisition of the
land occupied by the constituents of the local
government unit or the land where they will be
relocated through the concept of community
ownership, with the land primarily mortgaged to SHFC.

MAGNITUDE OF HOUSING SUBSIDIES
55
9/11/23
FOUR GENERAL TYPES
INTEREST RATE SUBSIDY

The value of the tax deductions of an individual’s or company’s earnings
resulting from interest payments on its debt over the course of year.
LAND COST SUBSIDY

The subsidy would be less since the NHA’s share of the cost would only be
equal to the cost of land development.
FOUR GENERAL TYPES
TAX EXEMPTION
Subsidies from a tax exemption is simply the present value of the stream of the
tax exemption implied by a transaction that provides for exemption on tax
payments.
CASH TRANSFER
A cash transfer is a direct transfer payment of money to an eligible person. Cash
transfers are either unconditional cash transfers or conditional cash transfers.
They may be provided by organizations funded by private donors, or a local or
regional government.
56
9/11/23

INCENTIVE COMPATIBILITY PROBLEMS IN
EXISTING SUBSIDY PROGRAMS
INCENTIVE COMPATIBILITY PROBLEMS
BORROWERS
• Take the housing loan based on the monthly income and not on the
capacity to repay the loan,
• Borrowers not qualified, get the loan and end up not repaying,
• Borrowers attitude of not paying the loan, or can be repaid at a later time,
• High cost of foreclosure, lack of effective monitoring or loans encourages
loan delinquencies.
57
9/11/23
BANKS
• Do not provide financing for low-cost housing,
PRIVATE DEVELOPERS
• Formula for lending finance scheme allows private developers to produce
more houses and market them but not to creditworthy borrowers,
• Substandard housing units and infrastructure delivered to borrowers
PUBLIC HOUSING AGENCIES

• Funds are being used/diverted for other public activity than housing,
• Overlapping functions and competing programs of public housing
agencies which affect the efficiency of the housing finance.
LEGISLATORS / POLICY-MAKERS
• To consider more sustainable approaches to the housing problems
• Legislating budgetary appropriation for subsidized lending
58
9/11/23
end.
LAST UPDATED: 2023, SEPTEMBER 9
59

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8/18/23

RENMAR B. YUTOC uap rmp

Break things down into manageable bits.

It involves systematic review of housing programs for homeownership;

To demonstrate working knowledge with the history, conventional, and

CO1 Understand and intertwined issues relative to housing

Acquire rational basis for housing design based on site

HOUSING TITLE / TOPIC

HOUSING TITLE / TOPIC

HOUSING TITLE / TOPIC

HOUSING TITLE / TOPIC

HOUSING TITLE / TOPIC

HOUSING TITLE / TOPIC

HOUSING TITLE / TOPIC

HOUSING TITLE / TOPIC

HOUSING TITLE / TOPIC

PL153B TITLE / TOPIC

PRELIM EXAM WEEK September 18 – 23 (Week 6)

PL153B TITLE / TOPIC

Course Requirements (Prelims and Midterms):

RE Individual / Group Project Research / Assignment

Note: This may adjust a bit depending on the activities given.

PL153B TITLE / TOPIC

Course Requirements (Finals):

RE Individual / Group Project Research / Assignment

Note: This may adjust a bit depending on the activities given.

PL153B TITLE / TOPIC

FINAL OVERALL GRADE

PRELIM GRADE (0.30) + MIDTERM GRADE (0.30) + FINAL GRADE (0.40)

PL153B TITLE / TOPIC

MAXIMUM OF THREE UNEXCUSED ABSENCES

RENMAR B. YUTOC uap rmp

HOUSING SITUATION IN THE PHILIPPINES

A house is a building or structure that

Derives directly from Old English Hus

A place where people live.

https://link.springer.com /referencew orkentry/10.1007/978-3-319-71063-1_88-1

It refers to the totality of human community with all the

https://link.springer.com /referencew orkentry/10.1007/978-3-319-71063-1_88-1

https://w orkpointtoday.com /get-to-know -bondee-new -hype-app/

Any form of human dwelling, from the smallest house to the

https://link.springer.com /referencew orkentry/10.1007/978-3-319-71063-1_88-1

TO ROAM FREE OR TO SETTLE DOWN?

Mode of living Features Advantages Disadvantages

Lecture: UP Dilim an, jagom ez,

TEMPORARY SHELTER: Nomadic shelter (hunter-

PERMANENT DWELLINGS: Sedentary lifestyle; farming and

Ar. Dianne (JPT)

Conical Indian dwelling made out

Light, movable dwelling which can

Reflected the migratory lifestyle of

Ar. Dianne (JPT) | Photo: https://w w w .britannica.com /technology/tepee

American Indian semi-permanent

Ar. Dianne (JPT)

A traditional Navajo Indian dwelling

An energy-efficient dwelling; kept

Ar. Dianne (JPT)

A traditional rendered stone

It uses a prehistoric building

Ar. Dianne (JPT) | Photo: Berthold W erner

Human settlements come in many forms and can be

https://link.springer.com /referencew orkentry/10.1007/978-3-319-71063-1_88-1