Read the text to answer the questions below!
Volcanoes are formed due to seismic activity
Deep within the Earth it is so hot that some rocks
slowly melt and become a thick flowing substance
called magma. Since it is lighter than the solid rock
around it, magma rises and collects in magma
chambers. Eventually, some of the magma pushes
through vents and fissures to the Earth's surface.
Magma that has erupted is called lava.
Some volcanic eruptions are explosive and others
are not The explosivity of an eruption depends on the
composition of the magma. If magma is thin and runny,
gases can escape easily from it. When this type of
magma erupts, it flows out of the volcano. A good
example is the eruptions at Hawaii's volcanoes. Lava
flows rarely kill people because they move slowly
enough for people to get out of their way. If magma is
thick and sticky, gases cannot escape easily. Pressure
builds up until the gases escape violently and explode.
A good example is the eruption of Washington's Mount
St. Helens. In this type of eruption, the magma blasts
into the air and breaks apart into pieces called tephra.
Tephra can range in size from tiny particles of ash to
house-size boulders.
Explosive volcanic eruptions can be dangerous and
deadly. They can blast out clouds of hot tephra from
the side or top of a volcano. These fiery clouds race
down mountainsides destroying almost everything in
their path. Ash erupted into the sky falls back to Earth
like powdery snow. If thick enough, blankets of ash
can suffocate plants, animals, and humans. When hot
volcanic materials mix with water from streams or
melted snow and ice, mudflows form. Mudflows
(lahars) have buried entire communities located near
erupting volcanoes.
1. What is the author's attitude towards the topic of
the passage?
A. Critical
B. Informative
C. Optimistic
D. Ironic
E. Persuasive
2. The passage can be best summarizes' as follows ...
A. Volcanoes can erupt due to the movement of
magma flowing to the surface. Volcanic
eruptions are very dangerous for living
creatures and the environment as they can
instantly kill all biotic components and cause
environmental damage.
B. Volcanic eruptions are caused by movements
of the earth's crust, causing rocks to break and
eventually erupt. Its eruption can lead to the
death of all living creatures.
C.
in the surrounding area, and their eruptions can
still be controlled by humans.
D. Volcanic eruptions can give life to animals and
plants but are deadly to humans. These
eruptions are caused by the movement of
magma from the Earth's interior.
E. The magma resulting from a volcanic eruption
is called lava and it can be used as a source of
geothermal power generation.
3. Metal detector is a device that has been widely
used in many fields, such as archaeology, military,
and security. The history of metal detectors can be
traced back to the late 19th century, where it was
invented by Alexander Graham Bell in 1881 to
locate the bullet that had struck President James
Garfield. In the early 20th century, metal detectors
were further developed for industrial use,
specifically in finding metal objects hidden in food.
During World War II, metal detectors were used
for military purposes to locate mines and other
metal objects
The paragraph following the passage most likely
discuss ...
A. Metal detector and its inventor
B. Uselessness of metal detector
C. The current use of metal detector
D. The people who mass-produced metal detector
E. The reasons why metal detector is necessary
4.
Alice : "Hi Nadine, have you heard about
the harmful chemicals in our
food?"
Nadine : No, what do you mean"
Alice : There are certain chemicals in our
food that can be dangerous for our
health. They are called food
additives
Nadine : "Wow, that's scary. How do we
know which foods have these
additives?'
Alice : "Well, there are some common
additives that you can look out for
on food labels, such as MSG,
sodium nitrite, and high fructose
corn syrup."
Nadine : "I see. So, what can we do to avoid
these harmful chemicals?"
Alice : "One way is to choose fresh and
whole foods, and avoid processed
and packaged foods as much as
possible. It's also important to read
food labels carefully and make
informed choices."
The dialogue tells us about ...
A. Addiction to food additives
B. How to choose healthy and fresh foods
C. The importance of reading food labels before
consuming them
D. Conversation between Nadine and Alice
E. Harmful chemicals in food and ways to avoid
them