General Physics 1

Motion in
One Dimension
Part 2

MET: Translational Kinematics

General
Physics1
Notebook
Pen
Calculator
Snacks
Review
Slope of A Velocity
vs. Time Graph
 Area under the curve of a
velocity vs. time graph gives
displacement.
Velocity (m/s)

1
𝐴 = 𝑏ℎ
2

Time (s)
Acceleration
Rate of change of
velocity with time.

Velocity (m/s)
The slope of a velocity
vs. time graph gives
acceleration.

Time (s)
Average Acceleration, 𝑎𝑎𝑣𝑥
∆𝑣𝑥 𝑣2𝑥 − 𝑣1𝑥
𝑎𝑎𝑣𝑥 = = 𝑺𝒍𝒐𝒑𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒂 𝑺𝒆𝒄𝒂𝒏𝒕 𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒆
∆𝑡 𝑡2 − 𝑡1 ∆𝑣𝑥 𝑣2𝑥 − 𝑣1𝑥
𝑎𝑎𝑣𝑥 = =
∆𝑡 𝑡2 − 𝑡1
Instantaneous Acceleration, 𝑎𝑥

∆𝑣𝑥 𝑑𝑣𝑥
𝑎𝑥 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 =
∆𝑡 →0 ∆𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑺𝒍𝒐𝒑𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒂 𝑻𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒆
∆𝑣𝑥 𝑑𝑣𝑥
𝒂𝒙 = lim =
∆𝑡 →0 ∆𝑡 𝑑𝑡

Figure 4: Average Acceleration and Acceleration

Example #1
A physicist was observing a cat’s motion
along a horizontal surface. The figure
shows the data of the physicist.
a) Solve the average acceleration from
𝑡1 = 0 𝑠 to 𝑡2 = 5 𝑠.
b) Solve the average acceleration from
𝑡1 = 5 𝑠 to 𝑡2 = 15 𝑠.
c) Solve the average acceleration from
𝑡1 = 15 𝑠 to 𝑡2 = 20 𝑠.
d) Solve the average acceleration from
𝑡1 = 20 𝑠 to 𝑡2 = 25 𝑠.
e) Solve the average acceleration from
Figure 2: Velocity vs. Time graph for Example 1
𝑡1 = 25 𝑠 to 𝑡2 = 35 𝑠.
Example #1
A physicist was observing a cat’s motion along a
horizontal surface. The figure shows the data of
the physicist.
a) Solve the average acceleration from 𝑡1 = 0 𝑠
to 𝑡2 = 5 𝑠.

𝑣1𝑥 as the velocity of the cat at 𝑡1 = 0 𝑠.

𝑣2𝑥 as the velocity of the cat at 𝑡2 = 5 𝑠.

∆𝑣𝑥 𝑣2𝑥 − 𝑣1𝑥

𝑎𝑎𝑣𝑥 = =
∆𝑡 𝑡2 − 𝑡1
+2.5 𝑚Τ𝑠 − 1.5 𝑚Τ𝑠
𝑎𝑎𝑣𝑥 =
5𝑠−0𝑠
𝑎𝑎𝑣𝑥 = +0.2 𝑚Τ𝑠 2
Figure 2: Velocity vs. Time graph for Example 1
Example #1
A physicist was observing a cat’s motion along a
horizontal surface. The figure shows the data of
the physicist.
b) Solve the average acceleration from 𝑡1 = 5 𝑠
to 𝑡2 = 15 𝑠.

𝑣1𝑥 as the velocity of the cat at 𝑡1 = 5 𝑠.

𝑣2𝑥 as the velocity of the cat at 𝑡2 = 15 𝑠.

∆𝑣𝑥 𝑣2𝑥 − 𝑣1𝑥

𝑎𝑎𝑣𝑥 = =
∆𝑡 𝑡2 − 𝑡1
+2.5 𝑚Τ𝑠 − 2.5 𝑚Τ𝑠
𝑎𝑎𝑣𝑥 =
15 𝑠 − 5 𝑠
𝑎𝑎𝑣𝑥 = 0 𝑚Τ𝑠 2
Figure 2: Velocity vs. Time graph for Example 1
Example #1
A physicist was observing a cat’s motion along a
horizontal surface. The figure shows the data of
the physicist.
c) Solve the average acceleration from 𝑡1 =
15 𝑠 to 𝑡2 = 20 𝑠.

𝑣1𝑥 as the velocity of the cat at 𝑡1 = 15 𝑠.

𝑣2𝑥 as the velocity of the cat at 𝑡2 = 20 𝑠.

∆𝑣𝑥 𝑣2𝑥 − 𝑣1𝑥

𝑎𝑎𝑣𝑥 = =
∆𝑡 𝑡2 − 𝑡1
−1 𝑚Τ𝑠 − 2.5 𝑚Τ𝑠
𝑎𝑎𝑣𝑥 =
20 𝑠 − 15 𝑠
𝑎𝑎𝑣𝑥 = −0.7 𝑚Τ𝑠 2
Figure 2: Velocity vs. Time graph for Example 1
Example #1
A physicist was observing a cat’s motion along a
horizontal surface. The figure shows the data of
the physicist.
d) Solve the average acceleration from 𝑡1 =
15 𝑠 to 𝑡2 = 20 𝑠.

𝑣1𝑥 as the velocity of the cat at 𝑡1 = 20 𝑠.

𝑣2𝑥 as the velocity of the cat at 𝑡2 = 25 𝑠.

∆𝑣𝑥 𝑣2𝑥 − 𝑣1𝑥

𝑎𝑎𝑣𝑥 = =
∆𝑡 𝑡2 − 𝑡1
−1 𝑚Τ𝑠 − −1 𝑚Τ𝑠
𝑎𝑎𝑣𝑥 =
25 𝑠 − 20 𝑠
𝑎𝑎𝑣𝑥 = 0 𝑚Τ𝑠 2
Figure 2: Velocity vs. Time graph for Example 1
Example #1
A physicist was observing a cat’s motion along a
horizontal surface. The figure shows the data of
the physicist.
e) Solve the average acceleration from 𝑡1 =
25 𝑠 to 𝑡2 = 35 𝑠.

𝑣1𝑥 as the velocity of the cat at 𝑡1 = 25 𝑠.

𝑣2𝑥 as the velocity of the cat at 𝑡2 = 35 𝑠.

∆𝑣𝑥 𝑣2𝑥 − 𝑣1𝑥

𝑎𝑎𝑣𝑥 = =
∆𝑡 𝑡2 − 𝑡1
−0.5 𝑚Τ𝑠 − −1 𝑚Τ𝑠
𝑎𝑎𝑣𝑥 =
35 𝑠 − 25 𝑠
𝑎𝑎𝑣𝑥 = +0.05 𝑚Τ𝑠 2
Figure 2: Velocity vs. Time graph for Example 1
Example #2

The position of a rolling ball moving along the x-axis is given by 𝑥 𝑡 = 4.0𝑡 − 5.0𝑡 2 + 𝑡 3 ,
where x is in meters and t in seconds.
a) Find the expression for the velocity of the rolling ball as a function of time.
b) Find the expression for the acceleration of the rolling ball as a function of time.
Example #2
The position of a rolling ball moving along the x-axis is given by 𝑥 𝑡 = 4.0𝑡 − 5.0𝑡 2 + 𝑡 3 , where x is in
meters and t in seconds.
a) Find the expression for the velocity of the rolling ball as a function of time.

∆𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑣𝑥 = lim =
∆𝑡 →0 ∆𝑡 𝑑𝑡

𝑑 4.0𝑡 − 5.0𝑡 2 + 𝑡 3
𝑣𝑥 =
𝑑𝑡
𝑣𝑥 𝑡 = 4.0 1 𝑡 1−1 − 2 5.0 𝑡 2−1 + 3 𝑡 3−1
𝑣𝑥 𝑡 = 4.0 − 10.0𝑡 + 3𝑡 2
Example #2
The position of a rolling ball moving along the x-axis is given by 𝑥 𝑡 = 4.0𝑡 − 5.0𝑡 2 + 𝑡 3 , where x is in
meters and t in seconds.
b) Find the expression for the acceleration of the rolling ball as a function of time.

∆𝑣𝑥 𝑑𝑣𝑥
𝑎𝑥 = lim =
∆𝑡 →0 ∆𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑 4.0 − 10.0𝑡 + 3𝑡 2
𝑎𝑥 =
𝑑𝑡
𝑎𝑥 𝑡 = 0 − 1 10 𝑡1−1 + 3 2 𝑡 2−1
𝑎𝑥 𝑡 = −10 + 6𝑡
 An object is speeding up if the object has a positive x-
acceleration, and the initial x-velocity is positive. And it will
slow down if the initial x-velocity is negative.

+𝑎𝑥 +𝑎𝑥

−𝑣𝑥 +𝑣𝑥

−𝑥 0 +𝑥
Acceleration
vs. Time Graph

𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑚Τ𝑠 2
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑠

Figure 5: Acceleration vs. time graph

Example #3

The acceleration of a rolling ball moving along the x-axis is given by

𝑎𝑥 𝑡 = −10 + 3𝑡, where 𝑎𝑥 is in meters per square second and t
in seconds. Plot the acceleration vs. time graph of the rolling ball
from 𝑡 = 0 𝑠 to 𝑡 = 5 𝑠.
Example #3
The acceleration of a rolling ball moving along the x-axis is given by 𝑎𝑥 𝑡 = −10 + 3𝑡, where
𝑎𝑥 is in meters per square second and t in seconds. Plot the acceleration vs. time graph of the
rolling ball from 𝑡 = 0 𝑠 to 𝑡 = 5 𝑠.

For 𝑡 = 0 𝑠: For 𝑡 = 2.0 𝑠: For 𝑡 = 4.0 𝑠:

𝑎𝑥 𝑡 = −10 + 3𝑡 𝑎𝑥 𝑡 = −10 + 3𝑡 𝑎𝑥 𝑡 = −10 + 3𝑡
𝑎𝑥 0 = −10 + 3 0 𝑎𝑥 2.0 = −10 + 3 2.0 𝑎𝑥 4.0 = −10 + 3 4.0
𝑎𝑥 0 = −10 𝑚Τ𝑠 2 𝑎𝑥 2.0 = −4 𝑚Τ𝑠 2 𝑎𝑥 4.0 = 2 𝑚Τ𝑠 2

For 𝑡 = 1.0 𝑠: For 𝑡 = 3.0 𝑠: For 𝑡 = 5.0 𝑠:

𝑎𝑥 𝑡 = −10 + 3𝑡 𝑎𝑥 𝑡 = −10 + 3𝑡 𝑎𝑥 𝑡 = −10 + 3𝑡
𝑎𝑥 1.0 = −10 + 3 1.0 𝑎𝑥 3.0 = −10 + 3 3.0 𝑎𝑥 5.0 = −10 + 3 5.0
𝑎𝑥 1.0 = −7 𝑚Τ𝑠 2 𝑎𝑥 3.0 = −1 𝑚Τ𝑠 2 𝑎𝑥 5.0 = 5 𝑚Τ𝑠 2
Example #3
The acceleration of a rolling ball moving along the x-axis is given by 𝑎𝑥 𝑡 = −10 + 3𝑡, where
𝑎𝑥 is in meters per square second and t in seconds. Plot the acceleration vs. time graph of the
rolling ball from 𝑡 = 0 𝑠 to 𝑡 = 5 𝑠.

Time Acceleration
𝐴𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑚Τ𝑠 2

0𝑠 −10 𝑚/𝑠 2
1𝑠 −7 𝑚/𝑠 2
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑠 2𝑠 −4 𝑚/𝑠 2
3𝑠 −1 𝑚/𝑠 2
4𝑠 +2 𝑚/𝑠 2
5𝑠 +5 𝑚/𝑠 2
Try it on your own!
The equation gives the velocity of a solar powered car 𝑣𝑥 𝑡 = 1.0 − 0.10𝑡 +
0.20𝑡 2 , where 𝑣𝑥 is in 𝑚Τ𝑠 and 𝑡 is in seconds.
a) Solve for the velocity of the solar-powered car at 𝑡 = 0 𝑠, 𝑡 = 2.0 𝑠, 𝑡 =
4.0 𝑠, 𝑡 = 6.0 𝑠, 𝑡 = 8.0 𝑠, and 𝑡 = 10.0 𝑠.
b) Calculate for the average acceleration of the solar-powered car from 𝑡1 =
0 𝑠 to 𝑡2 = 6.0 𝑠 and from 𝑡1 = 6.0 𝑠 to 𝑡2 = 10.0 𝑠.
c) Solve for the acceleration of the solar-powered car at 𝑡 = 0 𝑠, 𝑡 = 2.0 𝑠,
𝑡 = 4.0 𝑠, 𝑡 = 6.0 𝑠, 𝑡 = 8.0 𝑠, and 𝑡 = 10.0 𝑠.
d) Plot the velocity vs. time graph and acceleration vs. time graph of the solar-
powered car.