Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Regional Office IX, Zamboanga Peninsula

7
Zest for Progress
Z Peal of artnership

SCIENCE Grade 7
Quarter 2 - Module 1
The Compound Microscope: Its
Parts and Their Functions

Name of Learner: ___________________________

Grade & Section: ___________________________
Department
Nameof of
Education
School: • Republic
___________________________
of the Philippines
 Module The Compound Microscope: Its
1 Parts and Their Functions

What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written in a way that suits your understanding and needs.
It is here to help you master in identifying the parts of the compound microscope and their
respective functions (S7LT-IIa-1), and part of the activities presents the proper way of unboxing
and handling the microscope which will prepare you to the next lesson. The scope of this module
permits it to be used in many different learning situations. This module is about;

Lesson 1: The Compound Microscope

Objective: Identify parts of the compound microscope and their function

What’s In
In the previous grade, you learned about the major organs of the human body. Can you still
recall them? Answer the activity below.

Activity 1: What Am I? 5

Directions: Read each statement carefully. Select the correct answer from the word bank and
write your answer in the blank space provided. (1 point each)

Word Bank

brain liver heart lungs kidneys

1. I have many jobs. I make bile to help your stomach break down food. I also store nutrients
your body needs. What am I?
___________________________________________________________________________
2. I am a muscle located behind your lungs. I am always moving and never get tired. I pump
blood to all parts of your body. What am I?
___________________________________________________________________________
3. We are a pair of filters that clean your blood. We take liquid waste from your bloodstream
and we send it down to your bladder. What are we?
___________________________________________________________________________
4. We take oxygen that your body needs from the air and put it in your bloodstream. We also
take carbon dioxide that is in your blood and send it out in your body. What are we?
___________________________________________________________________________
5. I control your muscles and all of the organs in your body. I make sure you breathe
automatically, ensure your heart beats properly, and remind you to blink your eyes. I even
hold all of your thoughts and memories. What am I?
___________________________________________________________________________

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 Organs in our body interact with each other, function altogether in a coordinated manner
to keep you and me alive. These organs are made up of trillions of tiny cells, too tiny that they can
only be viewed through a specialized device called microscope. Let us learn more about this device
and be fascinated by its parts and functions.

What’s New
Activity 2: Perfect Match 13

Directions: Figure 1 shows a compound light microscope. Study the figure and match the part
and its function. Write the letter of your choice in the blank space provided.

Eyepiece

Coarse Body tube

Adjustment

Revolving
Fine
Nosepiece
Adjustment

Objective

Arm
Stage

Stage clip
Inclination
Diaphragm
Joint
Mirror

Base
Figure 1: The Compound Microscope
Column A Column B

____1. Mirror a. lens at the top that you look through

____2. Body tube b. the bottom part used for support
____3. Arm c. hold the slides in place
____4. Base d. connects the eyepiece to the objectives
____5. Revolving nosepiece e. supports the tube and connects it to the base
____6. Eyepiece f. regulates the amount of light
____7. Stage clips g. tilt the microscope back
____8. Coarse adjustment knob h. magnifies the images of the specimen
____9. Fine adjustment knob i. large knob for exact focus

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____10. Diaphragm j. small knob for focusing finer details
____11. Inclination joint k. flat platform where slides are placed
____12. Objective l. reflects light from an external source
____13. Stage m. carries objective lenses

Do the next activity. For reference, look at Figure1: The Compound Light Microscope

Activity 3: Compound Microscope: Its Parts and Their Functions

Directions: Read and follow the procedures carefully. Answer the questions that follow by ticking
(√) the box of the correct answer. (1 point each)
Procedure 6

1. Look at figure 1. The Compound Light Microscope. Locate the arm and the base. Hold
the arm in your one hand and the base in your other hand. Suppose you carry it to
the other side of your table and put it gently with its arm facing you. Place it about
17 centimeters away from the edge of the table.
Q1. What are the functions of the base and the arm of the microscope?
The base provides support, the arm is where the microscope is held
The base supports the body tube, the arm is microscope’s support
2. Look for the revolving nosepiece. Note that objectives are attached to it. You should
know that there are lenses inside the objectives.
Q2. What do you observe with the objectives of the microscope?
They are of the same length
They are marked with numbers followed by x
3. Find the coarse adjustment knob. Imagine that you are turning it slowly upwards
and downwards.
Q3. What do you think will happen if you slowly turn the coarse adjustment knob
upwards and downwards?
The body tube with the objectives raises and lowers
The objectives change position
4. Locate the eyepiece. Note, that it is marked with a number and an x. The eyepiece
further magnifies the image of the object that has been magnified by the objective.
This is where you view objects.
In an actual viewing, if the eyepiece is cloudy or dusty, wipe it gently with a piece of
lens paper.
5. Now, locate the mirror. The mirror is used to reflect light from an external light
source like diffused light from the windows or ceiling light. When you look through
the eyepiece and with the concave mirror facing up, you have to move it until you
see a bright circle of light known as the field of view of the microscope.
Q4. What is the function of the mirror?
Magnifies the image of the object
Reflects light up to the diaphragm, objects to be observed and lenses
6. Locate the diaphragm. The diaphragm has different sized holes or openings and that
it can be rotated to vary the intensity and size of the cone of light that is projected
upward into the slide. As you rotate it, the amount of light reflected changes. The
bigger the opening, the greater the amount of light reflected.
Q5. What can you infer as to the function of the diaphragm?
Regulates the amount of light reflected the object to be viewed
Facilitates the changing of objectives

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 7. Now, find the inclination joint. The microscope can be tilted using this part which
allows one to do observations while sitting down. This is, however, only done when
materials observed do not contain liquids.
Q6. What parts of the microscope are being connected by the inclination joint?
The stage and the diaphragm
The arm and the base

The study of the parts and functions of the compound microscope makes you appreciate its
importance in the study of cells and other microorganisms. In activity 1, you identified body
organs made up of tiny cells which can only be viewed and studied through the use of a
microscope. In activity 2, you identified the parts of the microscope and match them with their
functions. It is then supported in activity 3 where you try to imagine handling a real microscope
and locate each part, figured out its function according to its location. Given those activities, you
can now identify the parts of the compound microscope and their corresponding functions
independently.

What is it
A Microscope is a tool that can help you see tiny objects and single-celled organisms. It
makes them look bigger.

Its ability to make the specimen bigger is called magnifying power or magnification. The
microscope also has the capacity to distinguish small gaps between two separate points which
humans cannot distinguish. It is called its resolving power or resolution.

The compound light microscope (see Figure 1) comes with two sets of lenses which causes
it to achieve a higher level of magnification. It uses diffused light from the sun or artificial light to
illuminate the object to be observed through the glass lenses. As light passes through the lenses,
it is bent so the specimen appears bigger when it is projected to the eye. The form and structure
of the specimen can then be seen because some of their parts reflect light. It is important to
remember never to use direct sunlight as a light source to view objects since direct sunlight can
permanently damage the retina of the eye.

The parts of the compound microscope and its corresponding functions are as follows;

1. Eyepiece or ocular- the lens at the top of the microscope that you look through. On its
rim, there are certain markings such as 5x, 10x, 15x, which indicates the magnification
power.
2. Body tube- is a hollow tubular structure that connects the eyepiece to the objective lenses.
It can be shifted down and up using the adjustment knobs.
3. Arm- the part that supports the body tube and connects it to the base of the microscope.
4. Base- the bottom of the microscope used for support. It also houses the illuminator or
mirror.
5. Stage- the flat platform where slides are placed.
6. Stage clips- hold the slides in place.
7. Mirror- it is used to reflect light from an external light source up to the diaphragm, object
to be observed, and lenses. Positioning the microscope towards diffused light from the
windows and ceiling one can see through the eyepiece a bright circle of light called the field
of view.
8. Revolving nosepiece- carries the objective lenses and can be rotated to easily change
power (magnification).

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 9. Fine adjustment knob- the small knob used for focusing finer details of the specimen being
viewed.
10. Coarse adjustment knob- the large knob located on the arm of the microscope used for
moving the body tube down and up for bringing the object to be examined under exact
focus.
11. Objective- a component that magnifies the images of the specimen to form an enlarged
image. There are three (3) objective lenses, namely;
a. Oil immersion objective (OIO)-used to view bacteria, very small protists, and fungi. It is
marked 97x or 100x or the word “oil”.
b. High power objective (HPO)- is marked 40x, 43x, or 60x.
c. Low power objective (LPO)- is marked 10x or 12x.
12. Inclination joint- a joint where the arm is fastened to the base. It is used to tilt the
microscope for more comfortable viewing.
13. Diaphragm- is fastened below the stage. It regulates the amount of light passing through
the specimen.

Figure 2 shows the parts of the compound light microscope.

Figure 2. Parts of the Compound Light Microscope

Proper care should be given to each part and the microscope as a whole. Remember to
always carry the microscope with both hands, one is holding the arm and the other is holding the
base. Place it 17 centimeters away from the edge of the table with the arm facing you. Always hold
it in an upright position. Before using the microscope, wipe the metal parts with tissue paper or a
piece of cloth and wipe the lenses of the eyepiece and objectives with a lens paper.

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 What’s More
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Activity 4: Find Me, Buddy!
Directions: Search and encircle some parts of the compound microscope found in the word bank
in the pool of letters on the right. (1 point each)
P E C E I P E Y E A O X
Word Bank W D R K L F V A B R B Z
P S I W O S O Y O A J A
MIRROR P I O A V O R A S B E Q
EYEPIECE X C R N P D T E K E C R
ARM T M E G E H E S J O T T
BASE A M I R R O R T C F I O
DIAPHRAGM P N S A Y A I A Z O V P
NOSEPIECE Q L M D O R S G G S E L
OBJECTIVES I B P Y U A T E T M S I
STAGE N O S E P I E C E E G J
N Z R I S W O V M H G N

What I Have Learned

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Activity 5. My Part, My Function
Directions: Label the parts of the microscope and give its corresponding functions. Start at part
A down to part M. Write your answers in the table provided. (2pts. Each)

Part Function

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 What I Can Do
Activity 6: Decision Matters 5

Directions: Read the statements below and decide whether to agree or disagree. Draw a heart
if you agree, and X if you disagree in the blank space provided before the number. Refer to activity
3. The Microscope, Its Parts and Their Functions. (1 point each)

_______1. Always carry the microscope with both hands. Grasp the arm of the
microscope with one hand and place your other hand under the base.
_______2. Place the microscope at least 17 centimeters away from the table with the
arm facing you.
_______3. Use direct sunlight as a light source to view objects.
_______4. Use lens paper in cleaning the lenses of the eyepiece and the objectives.
_______5. Tilting of the microscope allows one to do observations while sitting down
even when the materials observed contain liquids like water.

Assessment
15
Direction: Encircle the letter of the best answer.
1. What do the markings like 5x, 10x, 15x on the rim of the eyepiece indicate?
A. Indicate the magnification power
B. Indicate the size of the eyepiece
C. Indicate the length of the body tube
D. Indicate the power of adjustment
2. What special instrument can view tiny organisms like coronavirus?
A. Kaleidoscope
B. Stethoscope
C. Telescope
D. Microscope
3. What objective is used to view bacteria, very small protists, and fungi?
A. High power objective
B. Low power objective
C. Oil immersion objective
D. Parfocal objective
4. What part of the microscope where the objectives are attached?
A. Revolving nosepiece
B. Coarse adjustment
C. Arm
D. Base
5. What is the correct way of carrying a microscope?
A. Hold the arm in one hand and the base on the other hand
B. Hold the body tube in one hand and the base on the other hand
C. Hold the nosepiece in one hand and the base on the other hand
D. Hold the eyepiece in one hand and the base on the other hand

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6. What is the correct pairing of the part and the function of the microscope?
A. Eyepiece-carries the objective lenses
B. Body tube-light source
C. Diaphragm- supports the microscope
D. Base- houses the illuminator or mirror
7. What should you use to clean the lenses of the microscope?
A. Cloth
B. Tissue paper
C. Old t-shirt
D. Lens paper
8. What holds the slide in its position?
A. Disc diaphragm
B. Stage clip
C. Arm
D. Stage
Use the letters in the figure below to answer questions 9-10

9. What part reflects light from an external light source up through the bottom of the stage?
A. Part E
B. Part F
C. Part K
D. Part C
10. What part will you adjust if the object you are observing under the High Power Objective
(HPO) is not clear?
A. Part B
B. Part C
C. Part G
D. Part J
11. What best describes a coarse adjustment Knob?
A. The smaller Knob is used for accurate and sharp focusing of the object.
B. The large Knob used for moving the body tube down
C. The upper part of the arm that has a hollow tubular structure.
D. The circular rotating metal part connected to the body tube
12. Which two parts of the light microscope magnify the image of an object?
A. Eyepiece and objectives
B. Objectives and mirror
C. Objectives and diaphragm
D. diaphragm and objectives
13. Why should not use direct sunlight as a light source to view objects?
A. It can permanently damage the retina of the eye
B. It can partially damage the retina of the eye
C. It hampers the exact viewing of the object
D. It can cause difficulty in adjusting the diaphragm
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 14. What do you call the bright circle of light of the microscope?
A. Diaphragm
B. Field of view
C. Eyepiece
D. Mirror
15. What part is used to tilt the microscope for more a comfortable viewing?
A. Coarse adjustment knob
B. Diaphragm
C. Arm
D. Inclination joint

Additional Activities
Activity 8: Microscope Standee
Directions: A copy of a compound microscope will be given to you by your teacher. Make a
microscope standee. Procedures will follow after the rubric of scoring.

Rubric

Very Good Good Fair

(3x2=6) (2x2=4) (1x2=2)
Neatness The standee is The standee is The standee is with
neat and clean free neat and clean few dirt marks and
from any dirt with minor dirt neatness is lightly
marks marks observed
Structure The standee is The standee is The standee is
well-built and can moderately built. It poorly built and
really stand on its can stand but will cannot stand
own. topple down any
moment

Procedures in Making a Standee

1. Paste the compound microscope’s copy given by your teacher in a hard material but
cuttable, like used folder, used illustration board, and the like.
2. Cut it carefully following the traces of the microscope.
3. Cut another hard material that will serve as the base of your standee to make it stand.

Caution:
Work with utmost care. Safety is
a must!

Bye for now buddy! Let us learn how to view objects together in the next module.

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 Answer Key-Gr7Q2W1 Science

Activity 1: What Am I? Activity 5: My Part, My Function

1. Liver A. Eyepiece-the top part where you look through

2. Heart B. Coarse adjustment knob-used for moving the
3. Kidney body tube up and down
4. Lungs C. Fine adjustment knob- used for focusing finer
5. Brain details
D. Objectives-magnify the images
Activity 2: Perfect Match
E. Stage clips-hold the slides
F. Stage-where slides are placed
1. L
G. Inclination joint-tilt the microscope
2. D
H. Body tube-connects the eyepiece to the objective
3. E
lenses
4. B
I. Revolving nosepiece-carries the objective lenses
5. M
J. Diaphragm-regulates the amount of light
6. A
K. Mirror-reflects light
7. C
L. Base-used for support; houses the mirror
8. I
M. Arm-supports the body tube
9. J
10. F
Activity 6: Decision Matters
11. G
12. H 1. Heart
13. K 2. Heart
Activity 3. The Compound 3. x
Microscope Its Parts and Their 4. Heart
5. x
Functions
Assessment
1. Box 1
1. A
2. Box 2 2. D
3. C
3. Box 1 4. A
5. A
4. Box 2 6. D
7. D
5. Box 1 8. B
9. C
6. Box 2 10. B
11. B
Activity 4: Find Me Buddy
12. A
Arm 13. A
Base 14. B
Diaphragm 15. D
Eyepiece
Mirror
Nosepiece
Objectives
Stage

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References
(Khan Academy). (No date). Tissues, organs, & organ systems. Retrieved from
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/high-school-biology/hs-human-body-systems/hs-body-
structure-and-homeostasis/a/tissues-organs-organ-systems

(Study Jams). (No date). The Human Body. Retrieved from

http://studyjams.scholastic.com/studyjams/jams/science/human-body/human-body.htm

(Byjus The Learning App). (No date). Parts of a Compound Microscope. Retrieved from
https://byjus.com/biology/study-of-the-parts-of-a-compound-microscope/

(Laboratory Info). (2020). Compound Microscope-Types, Parts, Diagrams, Functions and Uses. Retrieved
from https://laboratoryinfo.com/compound-microscope/

(Studylib). (No date). Lab: The Compound Microscope. Retrieved from

https://studylib.net/doc/6826165/st220_microscopelab_instructions

Image credit: modified from Levels of structural organization of the human body by OpenStax College,
Anatomy & Physiology, CC BY 4.0 ( organization of the human body)

Department of Education (2017). Science 7 Learner’s Material. First Edition. Department of Education-
Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)
Department of Education (2017). Science 7 Teachers Guide. First Edition. Department of Education-Bureau
of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR

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