CARIBBEAN UNIVERSITY

ONLINE DIVISION

ASSIGNMENT 18
QUESTIONS

FUNDAMENTALS OF STATISTICS
DMAK-105-I1.22/2
Fundamentals of Statistics Assignment 18
Questions

1) Why is the sample mean an unbiased estimator of the population mean?

Because the average of all the possible sample means of size n is equal to the population
mean.
2) Why does the standard error of the mean decrease as the sample size, n, increases?
The standard error of the sample means becomes smaller as larger sample sizes are taken.
This is due to the fact that extreme observation will have a smaller effect on the mean in a larger
sample than in a small sample. Thus, the sample means will tend to be closer to the population
mean as the sample size increases.
3) Why does the sampling distribution of the mean follow a normal distribution for a large
enough sample size, even though the population may not be normally distributed?
As larger sample sizes are taken, the effect of extreme values on the sample mean
becomes smaller and smaller. With large enough samples, even though the population is not
normally distributed, the sampling distribution of the mean will be approximately normally
distributed.
4) What is the difference between a population distribution and a sampling distribution?
The population distribution is the distribution of a particular variable of interest, while the
sampling distribution represents the distribution of a statistic.
5) Under what circumstances does the sampling distribution of the proportion approximately
follow the normal distribution?
When the items of interest and the items not of interest are at least 5, the normal
distribution can be used to approximate the binomial distribution.
6) An orange juice producer buys oranges from a large orange grove that has one variety of
oranges. The amount of juice squeezed from these oranges is approximately normally
distributed, with a mean of 4.70 ounces and a standard deviation of 0.40 ounce.
Suppose that you select a sample of 25 oranges.
a. What is the probability that the sample mean amount of juice will be at least 4.60 ounces?
b. The probability is 70% that the sample mean amount of juice will be contained between
what two values symmetrically distributed around the population mean?
c. The probability is 77% that the sample mean amount of juice will be greater than what
value?
Fundamentals of Statistics Assignment 18
Questions

σ x 0.40
μ ❑ =4.7 σ ❑ = = =0.08
x x √n 5
PHstat Output:
Common Data
Mean 4.7
Standard Deviation 0.08
Probability for X>
X Value 4.6
Z Value -1.25
P(X>4.6) 0.8944

Find X and Z Given Cum.

Percentage
Cum. Percentage 15.00%
Z Value -1.036433
X Value 4.6170853

Find X and Z Given Cum.

Percentage
Cum. Percentage 23.00%
Z Value -0.738847
X Value 4.640892

Find X and Z Given Cum.

Percentage
Cum. Percentage 85.00%
Z Value -1.036433
X Value 4.782915

a) P ¿
b) P ¿
A=4.70−1.04 ( 0.08 )=4.6168 ounces
X =4.70+1.04 ( 0.08 )=4.7832 ounces
❑
( )
c) P X > A =P ( Z ≻ 0.74 )=0.70 A=4.70−0.74 ( 0.08 ) =4.6408
Fundamentals of Statistics Assignment 18
Questions

References
Textbook
Levine, D. M., Stephan, D. F., Szabat, K. A. (2021). Sampling Distributions. Statistics for Managers
Using Microsoft Excel, 7, 224-243.