HLTH Age/2A03

Dr. Yvonne LeBlanc

PP Lecture Week 8.1 and 8.2 Sampling
HLTH Age/2A03
Dr. Yvonne LeBlanc
Module Week 8 Overview: Sampling
 Learning Outcomes

By the end of the PP lecture Week 8.1 you will be able to

Define Sampling
Define related terminology
Explain the significance of Sampling
Distinguish between probability sampling and non- probability
sampling
Identify and explain the various types of Probability Sampling
Explain how to decide on the size of a sample
 What is Sampling?

Quantitative Type Qualitative

s

Probability Non- Probability

 Basic Terminology
Probability Sampling:
• What is a population?
• What is a sampling element?
• What is a target population?
• What is a sampling frame?
• What is a sampling ratio?
• What is a parameter?
• What is a statistic?
(See Neuman and Robson 2018)

What does inference mean?

 Example

1. All heroine addicts in the Toronto, Ontario metropolitan area in 2021.

This is an example of a population.
2. Researcher Jones uses safe injection site directories to locate a list of
Toronto heroine addicts. A safe injection site directory is an example of
a sampling frame.
3. Researcher Jones determines that there were 1000 heroine addicts in
the Toronto metropolitan area who used safe injection sites in 2021.
Each of these heroine addicts is an example of a sampling element
( unit of analysis).
4. Researcher Jones selects 50 of these heroine addicts to survey. The 50
addicts are an example of a sample .
5. 50/1000 is the sampling ratio. This = 5 %.
 Sampling

Sources of Bias in Sampling

Sampling Errors

Non-Random Inadequate
Sampling Non-
Sampling Response
Frame
 Probability Sampling: Types
From Simple

•Simple Random
•Systematic To

•Stratified Random
•Multi-stage Cluster
More Complex Types of Sampling
 Simple
Random
Sampling
What does this mean?
 Simple Random Sampling

How does a researcher go about selecting a simple

random sample? Population N

Sample n

Exercise:
 Population N= 20
Random Number Table Sample
01
n=5

02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
 Simple Random Sampling
Other ways to obtain a random sample:
Examples:
Generating Software:
Excel
Research Randomizer
https://www.randomizer.org/
 Systematic Sample

• What is a systematic sample?

• How does a researcher go about

selecting a systematic sample?
 Stratified Random
Sampling

• What is a stratified random sample?

• How does a researcher go about

selecting a stratified random sample?
 Multi-stage Cluster
Sampling

• What is a multi-stage cluster sample?

• How does a researcher select a multistage

cluster sample?
Multi- stage Cluster Sampling

Image Source: https://www.google.ca/

 Multi- cluster Sampling Activity

• As the new Minister of Health for Ontario you want to determine how well
the Provincial Mental Health and Addictions Advisory Groups are working
with administrators in local mental health clinics. There are 14 Mental
Health and Addictions Advisory Groups in Ontario and you have a list of
these but you have no list of the administrators in the local mental health
clinics that the Advisory Groups have been working with.
• Explain how you could use cluster sampling to select the people you will
interview.
 Sample Size

How large
should a
sample be?
 Summary
• Defined Sampling
• Defined related terminology
• Explained the significance of Sampling
• Distinguished between probability sampling and non- probability sampling
• Identified and explained the various types of Probability Sampling
• Explained how to decide on the size of a sample
 Learning Outcomes

By the end of the pp lecture Week 8.2 you will be able to

• Define and explain non-probability sampling
• Identify and explain various types of non -probability
sampling
 Non Probability Sampling
Types of non -probability sampling
• Convenience Sampling
• Quota Sampling
• Purposive Sampling
• Snowball Sampling
• Theoretical Sampling
 Convenience Sampling

(McIntyre 2005; Neuman & Robson 2018)

Quota Sampling

(McIntyre 2005:105)
 Purposive Sampling
• Purposive or Judgement Sampling

Image Source: https://www.google.ca/search?q=purposive+sampling&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi-

tcSszqveAhUuT98KHWJ3C5sQ_AUIDigB&biw=1280&bih=610#imgrc=n1HNyS2R0IKuiM:

(McIntyre 2005:105)
Snowball Sampling
 Theoretical Sampling

Image Source: https://www.google.ca/search?

q=Glaser+and+Strauss+and+Grounded+Theory&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiT2sSz2a
veAhUN4VMKHTjTB2YQ_AUIECgD&biw=1280&bih=610#imgrc=27Sn24X

• Image Source: https://www.google.ca/search?

q=Glaser+and+Strauss+and+Grounded+Theory&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiT2sSz2aveAhUN4VMKHTjTB2YQ_AUIECgD&biw=1280&bih=610#imgrc=NT8TK
 Summary
Questions, comments…