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SKALA PENGUKURAN
Definisi
“Populasi merupakan sekumpulan orang atau objek yang memiliki
kesamaan dalam satu atau beberapa hal dan yang membentuk
masalah pokok dalam suatu riset khusus. Populasi yang akan diteliti
harus didefinisikan dengan jelas sebelum penelitian dilakukan.”
(Santoso & Tjiptono, 2002, 79)
• Descriptive Statistics
Collecting and describing data.
• Inferential Statistics
Making decisions based on sample data.
Descriptive Statistics
•Collect Data e.g. Survey
•Estimation
•Hypothesis
Testing
D a ta
Discrete Continuous
Data Sources
Primary Secondary
Data Collection Data Compilation
Print or Electronic
Observation Survey
Experimentation
Types of Sampling Methods
Samples
Probability Samples
Simple
Random Systematic Stratified Cluster
Simple Random Samples
•Every individual or item from the
target frame has an equal chance of
being selected.
•Selection may be with replacement or
without replacement.
• One may use table of random numbers
for obtaining samples.
Systematic Samples
• Decide on sample size: n
• Divide population of N individuals into groups of
k individuals: k = N/n
• Randomly select one individual from the 1st group.
• Select every k-th individual thereafter.
N = 64
n=8 First Group
k=8
Stratified Samples
• Population divided into 2 or more groups according
to some common characteristic.
• Simple random sample selected from each.
• The two or more samples are combined into one.
Cluster Samples
• Population divided into several “clusters”,
each representative of the population.
• Simple random sample selected from each.
• The samples are combined into one.
Population
divided into
4 clusters.
Types of Survey Errors
•Coverage Error Excluded from
selection.
Chance differences
•Sampling Error from sample to
sample.
Age :
Sex : M/F
Education :
Departement NGO/University/Government/………
Address :
Contoh Questioner
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