Csa b181.2 06 PVC CPVC DWV

Polyvinylchloride (PVC) and chlorinated polyvinylchloride
© Canadian Standards Association (CPVC) drain, waste, and vent pipe and pipe fittings
B181.2-06
Polyvinylchloride (PVC) and
chlorinated polyvinylchloride
(CPVC) drain, waste, and vent pipe
and pipe fittings
1 Scope
This Standard specifies requirements for polyvinylchloride (PVC) and chlorinated polyvinylchloride (CPVC)
drain, waste, and vent (DWV) pipe, pipe fittings, and accessories such as factory-assembled expansion
joints, closet flanges, backwater valves, and fire-stop fittings*.
*The fire stop is for use in fire separations only. It can be subject to code requirements not covered in this Standard. See the
definition of “fire-stop fitting” in Clause 3.1 of CSA B181.0.
Notes:
(1) Recommended installation practices for PVC-DWV pipe are given in Annex A. Use of these recommended practices will
help to ensure proper installation and optimum service life.
(2) The maximum pressure used to test DWV installations should be 100 kPa (see Clause A.5.2).
2 Reference publications
The publications referenced in this Standard are listed in Clause 2 of CSA B181.0.
3 Definitions and abbreviations

The definitions and abbreviations listed in Clause 3 of CSA B181.0 apply in this Standard.
4 General requirements
4.1 PVC and CPVC compounds
4.1.1
PVC compounds shall
(a) comply with cell classification 12454 or 14333, as specified in ASTM D 1784;
(b) comply with the applicable requirements of Clause 4 of CSA B181.0; and
(c) be light grey.
4.1.2
CPVC compounds shall comply with
(a) cell classification 23447, as specified in ASTM D 1784; and
(b) the applicable requirements of Clause 4 of CSA B181.0.
November 2006 79
Licensed for/Autorisé à Sunen Cai, , Sold by/vendu par CSA on/le 3/12/2011. Single user license only. Storage, distribution or use on network prohibited.Permis
d'utilisateur simple seulement. Le stockage, la distribution ou l'utilisation sur le réseau est interdit.
B181.2-06 © Canadian Standards Association
4.1.3
The PVC compound of a DWV plumbing fitting intended for use as a fire stop shall
(a) comply with cell classification 12353, as specified in ASTM D 1784, except that the vinyl chloride
content shall be at least 65%; and
(b) be a colour other than light grey.
4.1.4
The compound shall be pigmented.
4.2 Reworked material

Reworked material may be used in accordance with Clause 4.1.3 of CSA B181.0.
4.3 Fire test for fire-stop fittings

PVC-DWV fittings for use as a fire stop shall comply with the requirements of ULC S115.
Note: This Standard does not specify any fire tests and does not supersede the requirements of the applicable provincial or
territorial building code for fire-resistance properties.
4.4 Coated pipe

Coated pipe and fittings shall comply with all the applicable requirements of this Standard unless
otherwise stated elsewhere in this Standard.
5 Manufactured pipe, fittings, and accessories

5.1 General
Pipe, fittings, and accessories shall comply with all applicable requirements of Clause 5 of CSA B181.0.
Pipe used to fabricate fittings shall comply with all the requirements of this Standard. Solvent cement used
to make fabricated fittings shall comply with Clause 5.14.
5.2 Dimensions of pipe
5.2.1 Coatings
Any externally applied coating should be removed in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions in a
manner that will not affect the dimensions of the pipe or fittings before measuring the dimensions.
5.2.2 Diameter
The average outside diameter and average inside diameter of the pipe shall be as specified in Table 1 when
measured in accordance with Clause 6.2.2.
5.2.3 Out-of-roundness
Out-of-roundness of all individually measured outside diameters shall be within the tolerances specified in
Table 1.
5.2.4 Wall thickness

The minimum wall thickness of pipe shall be as specified in Table 1 when measured in accordance with
Clause 6.2.3.
5.2.5 Bell ends

The socket dimensions of integral bell ends shall be as specified in Table 2 when measured in accordance
with Clause 6.2.
80 November 2006
5.3 Dimensions and configurations of fittings
5.3.1.1 Moulded fittings — Body and hub

The wall thickness of moulded fittings shall be as specified in Table 3 throughout the fitting when
measured in accordance with Clause 6.2.3.
5.3.1.2 Moulded fittings — Spigots

The wall thickness of the spigot ends of moulded fittings shall comply with Clause 5.3.3.1.
5.3.1.3 Fabricated fittings

The wall thickness of fabricated fittings shall be as specified in Table 1 or 3, as appropriate, when measured
in accordance with Clause 6.2.3.
5.3.1.4 Shared common wall

When two sockets on a fitting share a common wall, the minimum wall thickness of the common wall of
the socket may be less than those specified in Table 2, but in no case shall the minimum wall thickness of
the common wall be less than 1.8 mm (see Figure 1).
5.3.1.5 Moulded reducer bushings
5.3.1.5.1 Extended reducer bushings

The wall thickness of the socket and spigot portions of extended reducers shall comply with the
requirements of Clauses 5.3.1.1 and 5.3.1.2 (see Figure 2).
5.3.1.5.2 Flush-type reducer bushings

The wall thickness of the socket portion of moulded flush-type reducer bushings shall be as specified in
Table 3, and the wall thickness of the spigot portion shall comply with Clause 5.3.3.1 [see Figure 3(a)]
except when
(a) the hub wall and spigot wall form a thickness that is less than the required minimum wall as specified
in Table 3 and Clause 5.3.3.1 [see Figure 3(b)]; or
(b) the hub and spigot walls form an excessive wall thickness that can cause manufacturing problems
such as distortion or voids in the material [see Figure 3(c)]. To avoid this problem, the hub and spigot
wall thicknesses may be made below the minimum requirements but shall be not less than 2.5 mm,
provided that the inner socket and outer spigot are reinforced by a minimum of four ribs. The
thickness of the supporting ribs shall be sufficient to support the two thinner walls.
All styles of flush-type bushings shall comply with all the other applicable requirements of this Standard.
5.3.2 Sockets
5.3.2.1
The socket dimensions of moulded fittings shall be as specified in Table 3 when measured in accordance
with Clause 6.2.
5.3.2.2
The socket dimensions of fabricated fittings shall be in accordance with Table 2 or 3 as appropriate.
November 2006 81
5.3.3 Lay lengths and configurations of moulded fittings
5.3.3.1
Unless otherwise specified elsewhere in this Standard, all fittings shall comply with the dimensions
specified in Table 3. Internal diameters of fittings shall comply with the dimensions specified in Table 2 of
CSA B181.0. Male or spigot solvent-welded ends on fittings shall comply with the diameters,
out-of-roundness, and minimum wall thicknesses specified in Table 1, except that the minimum wall
thickness shall be a minimum mean, and a 10% variance on actual individual measurements shall be
permitted. The maximum internal diameter under at least half of the thread length of male thread
adapters shall comply with the dimensions specified in Table 2 of CSA B181.0.
5.3.3.2
One-quarter bends, with the exception of traps, shall have a centreline radius of curvature of not less than
the nominal pipe size. The centreline radius of curvature shall be measured in accordance with Clause 6.2
of CSA B181.0.
5.3.3.3
The centreline radius of a side branch of a sanitary tee shall be not less than its nominal size. The centreline
shall be located so that the smallest inside radius of the side branch of the sanitary tee meets tangentially
with, or within 5% of, the main bore (see Figure 6 of CSA B181.0) when measured in accordance with
Clause 6.2 of CSA B181.0.
Side inlets that have a nominal size equal to, or less than, half the nominal fitting body size of the
sanitary tee are not required to comply with this Clause.
5.3.3.4
The diameters of waterways of 45° Y-branch fittings where the branch has a diameter smaller than the
main body of the fitting shall remain constant until they intercept one another.
5.3.3.5
Increasers used for drainage shall have a tapered pitch of not more than 45° between the side of the
waterway and its central axis.
5.3.3.6
With the exception of traps, all fittings used for drainage and having a 90° directional change shall have a
pitch of 2 mm/100 mm.
5.3.3.7
Forty-five degree Y-branches shall be not pitched.
5.3.3.8
All other fittings incorporating a pitch shall have a pitch of 2 mm/100 mm.
5.3.3.9
Threaded transition fittings shall be threaded with American Standard taper pipe threads in accordance
with ASME B1.20.1. Moulded threads may have a blunt start, produced by removing from the start a
length of thread that is approximately 50 to 75% of one full thread. The removed portions of the thread
shall be included in the total length of the thread. Manufacturing tolerances on taper pipe threads shall be
±1.5 turns on a standard plug or ring gauge. Flash or misalignment caused by moulding of the threads
shall be such that it will not permit any malfunction of the joints between the mating threaded parts.
82 November 2006
5.4 Chemical resistance of pipe, fittings, and accessories

Pipe, fittings, and accessories shall not change in mass by more than 0.50% when tested in accordance
with Clause 6.4 of CSA B181.0. Three specimens shall be tested, and all three shall comply with the
requirements.
5.5 Water resistance of pipe, fittings, and accessories

PVC and CPVC pipe, fittings, and accessories shall not change in mass by more than 0.50% when tested in
accordance with Clause 6.5 of CSA B181.0. Three specimens shall be tested, and all three shall comply
with the requirements.
5.6 Dimensional stability of pipe, fittings, and accessories in sizes

through NPS-8
The average decrease in the inside diameter of pipe, fittings, and accessories shall not exceed 10% when
tested in accordance with Clause 6.6 of CSA B181.0.
5.7 Tightness of mechanical joints used downstream of trap seals

Joints, other than solvent-welded joints, intended for use downstream of trap seals shall not leak when
tested in accordance with Clause 6.7 of CSA B181.0.
5.8 Cleanouts
Cleanouts shall comply with the requirements specified in Clause 5.2 of CSA B181.0.
5.9 Traps
Traps shall comply with the requirements specified in Clause 5.3 of CSA B181.0.
5.10 Expansion joints

Expansion joints shall comply with the requirements specified in Clause 5.4 of CSA B181.0.
5.11 Closet flanges

Closet flanges shall comply with the requirements specified in Clause 5.5 of CSA B181.0.
5.12 Backwater valves

Backwater valves shall comply with the requirements specified in Clause 5.6 of CSA B181.0.
5.13 Elastomeric end closures

Elastomeric end closures shall comply with the requirements specified in Clause 5.7 of CSA B181.0.
5.14 Solvent cements
5.14.1 Solvent cements for PVC joints
5.14.1.1
Solvent cements used for making DWV joints with PVC pipe and fittings shall comply with the
requirements of ASTM D 2564, except that the minimum viscosity of the cement at room temperature
shall be 200 mPa•s.
5.14.1.2
Solvent cements for use with PVC piping shall be grey.
November 2006 83
5.14.2 Solvent cements for joining ABS to PVC
5.14.2.1
Solvent cements used for joining an ABS plastic pipe and fittings system to a PVC plastic pipe and fittings
system shall comply with the requirements of ASTM D 3138, except that the minimum viscosity of the
cement at room temperature shall be 200 mPa•s.
5.14.2.2
Solvent cements used for joining ABS to PVC shall be white.
5.14.3 Solvent cements for CPVC joints and for joining CPVC to PVC
5.14.3.1
Solvent cements used for making DWV joints with CVPC pipe and fittings, and for joining a CVPC-DWV
pipe and fittings system to a PVC-DWV pipe and fittings system, shall comply with ASTM F 493 except for
Clauses 5.6, 6.4, and 9 of that Standard.
5.14.3.2
Solvent cements for use with CVPC pipe, and for joining CVPC to PVC, shall be clear or have a yellow
oxide tone.
Note: An example of a yellow oxide tone is Pantone® 131 U gold or equivalent containing 92% yellow.
5.15 Quality control
5.15.1 General
Unless otherwise specified, quality control requirements in this Standard are intended to measure quality
immediately after manufacture and conditioning in accordance with Clause 6.1. Where aging or storage
conditions can be shown to cause significant changes in measurements, the time interval between
manufacture and testing shall be specified so that results are not affected by such changes.
5.15.2 Impact resistance of PVC pipe
5.15.2.1
There shall be no evidence of any crack or split on the inside or outside of the pipe after testing in
accordance with Clause 6.14 of CSA B181.0 at the temperatures and impact energies specified in Table 5
of this Standard. For the low-temperature impact test, the specimen shall be conditioned in accordance
with Clause 6.1.3.
5.15.2.2
Five specimens shall be tested. If each specimen meets the requirements, the lot shall meet the
requirements. When two or more specimens fail, the lot shall be considered as having failed to meet the
impact requirement. When one specimen fails, another five specimens shall be conditioned and tested.
Nine non-failures out of ten specimens tested shall be acceptable.
5.15.3 Compression strength of pipe

There shall be no evidence of splitting, cracking, or breaking when pipe is tested in accordance with
Clause 6.15 of CSA B181.0.
5.15.4 Extrusion quality of pipe

Pipe shall not flake or disintegrate when tested in accordance with ASTM D 2152. Evidence of any effect
on the coating in the case of coated pipe shall be not considered part of this measure of quality.
84 November 2006
Pipe may be tested in accordance with ASTM F 1057 in addition to or instead of ASTM D 2152 for the
purposes of in-plant quality control. For qualification purposes, however, pipe shall comply with the
requirements of ASTM D 2152.
5.15.5 Heat reversion in PVC moulded fittings

When tested in accordance with ASTM F 610/F 610M for the exposure times specified in Table 4 of this
Standard, the penetration of the wall resulting from knit-line separation or surface peeling shall be such
that the combined penetration of the two sides does not reduce the remaining fitting wall to less than
50% of the original thickness.
When the fitting being tested has different body and branch wall thicknesses that correspond to
different exposure times, two fittings shall be tested. One shall be tested using the shorter exposure time,
and the other shall be tested using the longer exposure time.
5.16 Fabricated fittings
5.16.1 Resistance to bending

Fabricated fittings shall be tested in accordance with Clause 6.3.1 of CSA B181.0. The bond shall not show
any sign of cracking, splitting, or separation as seen using normal or corrected-to-normal vision. Fittings
subjected to this test shall be discarded.
5.16.2 Cemented joint strength of solvent-cemented fittings
5.16.2.1
The solvent cement bond shall be subjected to a lap shear test in accordance with Clause 6.3.2 of
CSA B181.0. The average lap shear strength shall be not less than 6.2 MPa.
5.16.2.2
The bond area shall be in accordance with the manufacturer’s standard design dimensions and tolerances,
and the insertion depth shall be such that the bond is not less than 100 cm2 for a leg up to NPS-12, and
200 cm2 for a leg NPS-12 or larger.
Note: Where deep sockets are used, there can be a poor bond area near the entry due to the taper of the socket. In such
cases, there should be a minimum effective area, as described in this Clause, that meets the requirement of Clause 5.16.2.1.
5.16.3 Welded joint strength of welded fittings

The fusion bond shall be tested for tensile strength in accordance with Clause 6.3.3 of CSA B181.0.
The minimum joint strength, as a percentage of the parent material strength, shall be in accordance
with the manufacturer’s practice and specifications.
The integrity of the fusion bond and butt joint shall be tested in accordance with Clause 6.3 of
CSA B181.0. The minimum joint strength values shall be in accordance with the manufacturer’s practice
and specifications.
6 Test methods
6.1 Conditioning
6.1.1
Specimens shall be conditioned in accordance with Clause 6.1.1 of CSA B181.0.
November 2006 85
6.1.2
Pipe specimens to be tested for impact resistance (see Clause 5.15.2) shall be further conditioned at
0 ± 2 °C for a period of not less than 24 h.
6.1.3
Tests shall be conducted under the conditions specified in Clause 6.1.4 of CSA B181.0.
6.2 Dimensions
6.2.1 General
Dimensions shall be measured on six cleanly cut specimens of pipe and on two fittings, in accordance with
ASTM D 2122.
6.2.2 Diameter
Sufficient measurements shall be made around the pipe to ascertain that the average outside diameter and
the average inside diameter have been determined. The average diameter is the arithmetic mean of the
maximum and minimum diameters at any cross-section. Alternatively, the average outside diameter may
be calculated from a measurement of the pipe circumference.

When determining wall thickness, sufficient measurements shall be made around the pipe or fitting to
ascertain that the minimum wall thickness of pipe and fittings has been determined.
7 Marking
7.1 Pipe
Pipe shall be marked in accordance with Clause 7.1 of CSA B181.0.
7.2 Fittings
Fittings shall be marked in accordance with Clause 7.2 of CSA B181.0, except that the CSA product
Standard designation may be replaced with the legend “DWV”.
7.3 Expansion joints

Expansion joints shall be marked in accordance with Clause 7.3 of CSA B181.0.
7.4 Closet flanges

Closet flanges shall be marked in accordance with Clause 7.4 of CSA B181.0.
7.5 Backwater valves

Backwater valves shall be marked in accordance with Clause 7.5 of CSA B181.0.
7.6 Solvent cement

Solvent cement containers shall be marked in accordance with Clause 7.6 of CSA B181.0.
7.7 Coated pipe and fittings

If the marking is not fully legible after an external coating is applied, a permanent label bearing the
required marking shall be applied to each length of coated pipe or to each coated fitting.
86 November 2006
Table 1
Dimensions of PVC- and CPVC-DWV pipe*
(See Clauses 5.2.2, 5.2.3, 5.2.4, 5.3.1.3, and 5.3.3.1.)
Minimum Minimum
Average outside diameter, mm Out-of-roundness wall average inside
tolerance†, thickness, diameter,
NPS Minimum Maximum mm mm mm
1-1/4 42.00 42.30 ±0.30 3.56 33.74

1-1/2 48.10 48.40 ±0.30 3.68 39.56
2 60.20 60.50 ±0.30 3.90 51.14
3 88.70 89.10 ±0.38 5.48 76.52
4 114.10 114.50 ±0.38 6.02 100.44
6 168.00 168.60 ±0.64 7.10 151.54

8 218.70 219.40 ±1.90 8.18 198.62
10 272.70 273.40 ±1.90 9.26 249.21
12 323.50 324.30 ±1.90 10.30 297.09
14 355.20 356.00 ±3.80 11.10 326.71
16 405.90 406.90 ±4.10 12.70 373.20

18 456.70 457.70 ±4.60 14.27 420.17
20 507.40 508.60 ±5.10 15.06 468.58
24 608.80 610.40 ±6.10 17.45 563.62
*Sizes are based on Schedule 40 pipe.

†Permissible deviations of actual diameters from measured average.
November 2006 87
Table 2
Dimensions for solvent-cemented joints for bell-end sockets
(See Clauses 5.2.5, 5.3.1.4, and 5.3.2.2.)
Bead is optional
C
B A
A B C
Average entrance Average Minimum Out-of-roundness,

diameter, bottom diameter, socket depth, at any point,
NPS mm mm mm mm
1-1/4 42.42 ± 0.13 42.04 ± 0.13 31.75 ±0.30

1-1/2 48.56 ± 0.15 48.11 ± 0.15 34.92 ±0.30
2 60.63 ± 0.15 60.17 ± 0.15 38.10 ±0.30
3 89.31 ± 0.20 88.69 ± 0.20 47.62 ±0.38
4 114.76 ± 0.23 114.07 ± 0.23 57.15 ±0.38
6 168.83 ± 0.28 168.00 ± 0.28 76.20 ±0.76

8 219.84 ± 0.38 218.69 ± 0.38 101.60 ±1.14
10 273.71 ± 0.38 272.72 ± 0.38 127.00 ±1.27
12 324.56 ± 0.38 323.49 ± 0.38 152.40 ±1.52
14 357.02 ± 0.76 355.60 ± 0.76 177.80 ±1.52
16 408.33 ± 0.89 406.40 ± 0.89 203.20 ±1.78

18 458.20 ± 0.98 456.70 ± 0.98 228.60 ±1.96
20 509.20 ± 1.10 507.40 ± 1.10 254.00 ±2.20
24 611.20 ± 1.30 606.80 ± 1.30 304.80 ±2.60
88 November 2006
Table 3
Dimensions and tolerances of moulded sockets,
pipe fittings, and adapters
(See Clauses 5.3.1.1, 5.3.1.3, 5.3.1.5.2, 5.3.2, and 5.3.3.1.)
F
F
F F
EW
B A
30 to 45º 30 to 45º
Optional radius, C Optional radius American standard taper

chamfer, or flat or chamfer pipe thread
(a) Solvent-cemented fitting hub (b) Threaded adapter hub
A* B* F‡ C r EW
Entrance diameter, Bottom diameter, Mini-
mm mm Out-of- Mini- mum Radius, mm EW, mm
roundness mum hub
tolerance, mean, length, Maxi- Mini- Maxi- Mini-
NPS Average† Tolerance Average† Tolerance mm mm mm mum mum mum mum
1-1/4 42.54 +0.26 42.04 ±0.12 ±0.30 3.96 17.46 2.04 1.02 3.18 1.58
–0.12
1-1/2 48.64 +0.26 48.14 ±0.12 ±0.30 3.96 17.46 2.04 1.02 3.18 1.58
–0.12
2 60.70 +0.26 60.20 ±0.12 ±0.30 3.96 19.04 2.54 1.02 3.18 2.38
–0.12
3 89.40 +0.26 88.78 +0.12 ±0.38 5.56 38.10 3.80 1.26 4.76 3.18
–0.12 –0.26
4 114.80 +0.26 114.18 +0.12 ±0.38 6.34 44.44 3.80 1.26 4.76 3.18
–0.12 –0.26
6 168.84 ±0.28 168.00 ±0.28 ±0.76 7.12 76.20 3.80 1.26 4.76 3.18
8 219.84 +0.76 218.70 +0.76 ±1.14 8.32 101.60 3.80 1.26 4.76 3.18
–0.00 –0.00
10 273.81 +0.64 272.67 ±0.51 ±1.52 9.27 127.00 3.80 1.26 4.76 3.18
–0.51
12 324.61 +0.76 323.47 ±0.51 ±1.91 10.31 152.40 3.80 1.26 4.76 3.18
–0.64
*Socket diameters at any intermediate point between the A and B diameters shall be within the limits formed by dimensions
A and B.
†Average is the maximum plus the minimum diameters, divided by 2.
‡F shall be a minimum mean. A 10% variance on actual individual measurements shall be permitted, but the mean of the
measurements shall be as above.
November 2006 89
Table 4
Heat reversion exposure times for PVC moulded fittings
(See Clause 5.15.5.)
Minimum wall thickness*, e, mm Exposure time, min
e≤3 15
3 < e ≤ 10 30
10 < e ≤ 20 60
20 < e ≤ 30 140
30 < e ≤ 40 220
e > 40 240
*See Table 3, dimension F for minimum wall thickness.
Table 5
Minimum impact requirements for PVC- and CPVC-DWV pipe
(See Clause 5.15.2.1.)
Impact energy, J
NPS At 23 °C At 0 °C
1-1/4 130 50
1-1/2 140 70
2 160 90
3 210 115
4 240 135
6 240 135
8 310 175
10 — 190
12 — 205
14 — 225
16 — 240
18 — 270
20 — 300
24 — 300
Note: An em-dash (—) indicates that no requirement is specified

in this Standard.
90 November 2006
Figure 1
Horizontal twin-tee fitting
(See Clause 5.3.1.4.)
Figure 2
Extended reducer
(See Clause 5.3.1.5.1.)
November 2006 91
(a) Style 1 (b) Style 2
Reinforcing ribs
Excessive wall thickness After being cored out and ribs added
(c) Style 3
Figure 3
Flush-type reducer bushings
(See Clause 5.3.1.5.2.)
92 November 2006
Annex A (informative)
Standard practice for the installation of
PVC- and CPVC-DWV pipe and pipe fittings
Note: This informative (non-mandatory) Annex has been written in normative (mandatory) language to facilitate adoption
where users of the Standard or regulatory authorities wish to adopt it formally as additional to requirements to this
Standard.
A.1 General
This Annex provides methods of storage, installation, and repair of PVC- and CPVC-DWV pipe and fittings
manufactured in accordance with this Standard.
A.2 Storage, stocking, and handling

A.2.1 Selection of unloading area
A flat, level, clean site that is free of nails, rocks, or other sharp objects likely to damage the pipe shall be
selected.
A.2.2 Storage
A.2.2.1
Pipe stored on storage racks shall be supported on flat supports having a bearing face that is 100 mm
nominal, at intervals not greater than 1.2 m and at each end of the pipe.
A.2.2.2
At the work site, pipe shall be stored on a level surface. Pipe shall be not stacked more than ten pipes high,
nor shall one pipe rest within another in stacking.
A.2.2.3
Fittings and accessories shall be stored in their original containers or in bins.
A.2.2.4
Solvent cement and thinners shall be kept in their original sealed containers.
A.2.2.5
All products shall be stored away from extreme heat out of the range of falling objects.
A.2.2.6
Strict attention shall be paid to all safety regulations for handling and storage of pipe and accessories.
November 2006 93
A.3 Installation
A.3.1 General
A.3.1.1
PVC- and CPVC-DWV pipe systems shall be installed in accordance with the applicable codes and
requirements.
A.3.1.2
Pipe and fittings shall be installed in proper alignment and without strain.
A.3.1.3
Coatings shall be removed from the affected area before making joints. Tools and procedures used to
remove a coating shall be in strict accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations.
A.3.1.4
Openings through walls, partitions, and floors shall be of sufficient size to allow free passage of pipe
and/or fittings. They shall be free from harmful surfaces or projections.
A.3.1.5
Allowance shall be made for expansion and contraction in accordance with Table A.1.
A.3.1.6
Directional changes shall be not made without the use of fittings. Although pipe is somewhat flexible in
long lengths, it shall be not bent to compensate for misalignment or other permanent directional changes.
A.3.2 Tools
A.3.2.1
Pipe shall be cut with a hacksaw, a fine-toothed mechanical saw, or a handsaw.
A.3.2.2
Other recommended tools include the following:
(a) a mitre box or guide to ensure square cut of pipe;
(b) a non-synthetic bristle paintbrush of the maximum width practicable for the size of pipe but not less
than 25 mm;
(c) a knife or coarse file for removal of burrs and/or rough edges;
(d) a clean, lint-free cloth;
(e) a work bench or supports to facilitate working with standard pipe lengths;
(f) paint rollers with non-synthetic tufts for use with large pipes; and
(g) a friction puller or “come-along” for pulling together large diameter pipes.
A.3.3 Solvent cements

Solvent cements, primers, and cleaners shall be not used near fire or flame (including pilot lights), or near
a person who is smoking. Prolonged contact with skin shall be avoided. Solvent-cementing shall be
performed in a well-ventilated area. When not in use, solvent cement and primer shall be kept in tightly
closed containers. When solvent cement becomes too thick to effect proper welding technique, it shall be
discarded and a fresh supply used. Solvent cement shall be not thinned.
94 November 2006
A.3.4 Capping assembled pipe and fittings
A.3.4.1
Where pipe ends in a threaded fitting, a standard threaded cap shall be used.
A.3.4.2
Where pipe ends without a threaded fitting, sufficient pipe shall be left to enable capping by
solvent-cementing a suitable cap, which may be cut off after testing, allowing the pipe to be sized to
proper length.
A.3.4.3
When using solvent cement, care shall be taken to protect all finished surfaces in the work area (e.g.,
painted surfaces, tile and hardwood floors, countertop) because solvent cement may damage them.
A.4 Installation technique

A.4.1 Inspection
A.4.1.1
Before starting the installation, all pipes and fittings shall be examined, and any that are cracked, broken,
or otherwise damaged shall be set aside.
A.4.1.2
The installer shall ensure that all pipes, fittings, adapters, solvent cements, hangers, tools, etc., are readily
available to facilitate an orderly completion of the piping system.
A.4.2 Solvent-cementing method — Sizes up to NPS-8
A.4.2.1
Pipe shall be cut to the correct length, and any burrs and/or flash removed with a file, knife, or
end-trimming tool.
A.4.2.2
The mating surfaces of the pipe and fitting shall be cleaned with an approved cleaner immediately before
joining until all foreign matter and gloss have been removed.
A.4.2.3
Before applying solvent cement, pipe and fitting sockets shall be checked for dry fit by inserting the pipe in
the fitting socket. Pipe shall not enter the fitting socket beyond two-thirds of the socket’s depth to ensure
a proper leak-proof weld. If the pipe and socket do not interfere, another fitting shall be selected and the
procedures specified in Clause A.4.2.2 and this Clause repeated.
A.4.2.4
Where a specific angle must be achieved between the pipe and fitting, the correct relative positions shall
be marked using a grease pencil.
Note: The mould parting lines on the fitting may be used as reference points.
A.4.2.5
Using the bristle paintbrush, a heavy coat of solvent cement shall be applied to the pipe end and a light
coat to the fitting sockets. Both mating surfaces shall be completely covered.
November 2006 95
A.4.2.6
The pipe shall be pushed immediately into the fitting socket with a turning motion until the pipe end butts
against the socket shoulder. The joint shall be held still for 20 s and not disturbed for 3 min.
A.4.3 Solvent-cementing method — Sizes larger than NPS-8
A.4.3.1
The pipe shall be cut square and the burrs or flash removed with a rasp, file, or knife.
A.4.3.2
To remove foreign matter and gloss, the mating surfaces of the pipe and fitting shall be cleaned with an
approved cleaner immediately before proceeding to the next step.
A.4.3.3
The joining surfaces shall be softened using an approved primer in accordance with ASTM F 656. Two
coats might be needed to ensure that surfaces are tacky when the cement is applied.
A.4.3.4
Where a specific angle must be achieved between pipe and fitting, the correct orientation shall be marked
with a marker pen.
A.4.3.5
The selected means of assembly shall be prepared for immediate use.
A.4.3.6
Sufficient cement to fill the gap between the pipe and fitting shall be applied to the mating surfaces. The
precautions outlined in Clause A.3.4.3 shall be taken. The cement shall be poured over the pipe surface
and the mating fitting surface and shall be spread with a brush. At elevated humidity and temperature, a
heavy-bodied or extra-heavy-bodied cement shall be used to provide a slower setting time.
A.4.3.7
The pipe shall be pushed immediately into the fitting socket while the mating surfaces are covered with
wet cement.
A.4.3.8
Two operators shall be employed to complete the joint. They shall simultaneously apply primer and
cement and then assemble the pipe into the fitting socket.
A.4.3.9
A levered assembly may be made using a bar and wooden plank. Alternatively, one or two “come-alongs”
or lever pullers may be used. When come-alongs are used, the procedure shall be as follows:
(a) Sufficient chain with a choker strap shall be laid out on either side of the joint.
(b) The come-alongs shall be then laid out on either side of the joint and adjusted to the correct length
(equivalent to the insertion depth).
(c) The primer and cement shall be applied.
(d) The come-alongs shall be then immediately hooked up.
(e) The joint shall be pulled together.
A.4.3.10
The new assembly shall be held in place with the assembly apparatus for 1 to 2 min (depending on the
size) to permit the handling set to occur. The handling set shall be completed before further joints
are made.
96 November 2006
A.4.3.11
The initial set shall be allowed to develop before the joint is subjected to installation stresses such as those
resulting from realignment to adjust slope, etc. (See initial set times recommended in Table A.2.)
A.4.3.12
The joint shall be allowed to cure for the time recommended in Table A.3 before the line is filled for test or
placed in service.
A.4.4 Adapting to other pipes, fittings, fixtures, and supports
A.4.4.1 Sink tailpiece

The following procedure shall be used to adapt to a sink:
(a) burrs and rough edges shall be removed;
(b) the tailpiece shall be tightened onto the sink outlet;
(c) the nut and ring seal shall be removed from the plastic adapter body;
(d) the nut and then the ring seal shall be pushed onto the sink tail;
(e) the plastic adapter body shall be pushed over the sink tail;
(f) the parts shall be set to the correct height; and
(g) the nut shall be handtightened.
A.4.4.2 Threaded connections
A.4.4.2.1
PVC-DWV pipe shall be not threaded; only threaded adapter fittings shall be used.
A.4.4.2.2
Thread tightness shall consist of maximum handtightness. Additional tightening by means of a strap
wrench may be carried out but shall not exceed one more turn beyond handtightness.
A.4.4.2.3
Threaded joint compounds shall be not used.
A.4.4.2.4
Male threaded plastic adapters shall be used in preference to female threaded plastic adapters when
connecting PVC- or CPVC-DWV pipe to metal pipe.
A.4.4.3 Caulked joints

Hot caulking shall be not used to join PVC- and CPVC-DWV pipe to non-plastic bell and spigot soil pipe.
Cold caulking may be used, provided that the material is not hammer compacted.
A.4.4.4 Adapter fittings

Adapter fittings are available for joining PVC- and CPVC-DWV pipe to other types of DWV or sewer piping.
Only adapter fittings approved for the specific transition intended shall be used.
A.4.4.5 Supports
A.4.4.5.1
Hangers shall be strap-type metal hangers or the equivalent. They shall have a broad support base and be
free of burrs or rough edges.
November 2006 97
A.4.4.5.2
Hangers shall be tightened on pipe in such a way that the pipe is not compressed, distorted, or bent.
A.4.4.5.3
Horizontal pipe shall be supported at intervals no greater than 1.2 m at all branch ends and at all points
where there is a change in direction. Trap arms shall be supported as close to the trap as possible.
A.4.4.6 Sealing between water closet and closet flange

The seals most commonly used in water closets are wax seals, evenly compressed between the water
closet and the closet flange. Sponge-type gaskets of various thicknesses are also used.
Care shall be taken with sponge-type gaskets to ensure that the correct thickness is used. The required
thickness will depend on the height of the water closet above the closet flange.
Note: Because wax seals fill the void between the water closet and the closet flange when they are compressed, their
thickness does not depend on the height of the water closet above the closet flange.
Problems that can be encountered when a sponge-type gasket is used are as follows:
(a) if the gasket is too hard or thick for the available space, undue stress can be placed on the closet
flange ring near the T-bolts;
Note: Testing has indicated that when a sponge-type gasket is compressed to 50% of its thickness, the load should
not be greater than 2225 N. Loads exceeding this amount can damage the closet flange ring.
(b) if the gasket is too soft or thin, sealing can fail to occur; and
(c) if the gasket is too porous or is insufficiently compressed, sewer gas and/or water can seep through
the gasket.
A.4.5 Special environmental conditions
A.4.5.1 DWV systems subject to freezing

In laying up a PVC- or CPVC-DWV piping system to protect trap and fixtures from freezing, alcohol
antifreeze shall be not used because the alcohol will evaporate and lose its effectiveness. Only approved
plastic pipe antifreeze packaged for this purpose or one of the following solutions shall be used:
(a) glycerol-water solution of 60% glycerol to water;
(b) magnesium chloride-water solution of 22% magnesium chloride to water; or
(c) strong solutions of common salt and water.
A.4.5.2 Hot surfaces

The installation of PVC- or CPVC-DWV piping systems in close contact with hot surfaces shall be avoided.
A.4.6 Repairs
A.4.6.1 Pipe repairs
A.4.6.1.1
Damaged sections in pipes may be repaired by cutting out the damaged section and connecting a new
piece of pipe through the use of couplings.
A.4.6.1.2
Damaged sections in pipes NPS-6 and smaller may be repaired by cutting a patch for covering the hole
from a piece of pipe of the same diameter as the damaged pipe and applying solvent cement over the
hole or crack. The patch shall be larger than the damaged section to assure a solvent-cemented surface
under all edges of the patch. A stainless steel clamp of appropriate size shall be permanently fixed over the
patch.
98 November 2006
A.4.6.2 Fitting repairs

Damaged fittings shall be removed from the piping system and replaced.
A.4.6.3 Joint repairs
A.4.6.3.1
If a solvent-cemented joint leaks,
(a) the fitting may be removed and replaced;
(b) solvent cement shall be not used to fill the leaky joint;
(c) the leaky joint may be sealed by backwelding, using molten PVC compound; or
(d) the leaky joint may be sealed by wrapping it with glass fibre-reinforced polyester compound and
allowing it to cure.
A.4.6.3.2
The cause of a leaky joint shall be ascertained. If it is due to misalignment of pipe that caused a strain on
the joint before it had a chance to weld properly during installation, the cause of the strain shall be
eliminated by realigning the system and the joint repaired in accordance with Clause A.4.6.1.
A.5 Inspection and test of installation

A.5.1
The performance of a PVC- or CPVC-DWV pipe installation shall be satisfactory when installed, inspected,
and tested in accordance with all applicable codes and bylaws.
A.5.2
Testing of a PVC- or CPVC-DWV pipe installation shall be done in stages so that the pressure in the line
does not exceed 100 kPa.
A.6 Cleanup
A.6.1
Tools shall be cleaned using primer and/or thinners, preferably immediately after use.
A.6.2
Continued contact between thinners and skin shall be avoided. Persons shall always thoroughly wash their
hands with soap and water immediately after such contact has occurred. The use of gauntlet rubber
gloves is recommended.
A.6.3
Any scratches, nicks, or gouges on a coated piping system shall be touched up by the field application of
the coating supplied by the manufacturer.
November 2006 99
Table A.1
Thermal expansion and contraction of PVC and CPVC pipe
(See Clause A.3.1.5.)
Change in lengths of 10 m of pipe

(any size), mm
Change in temperature, °C PVC CPVC
5 2.7 3.0
10 5.4 6.1
15 8.1 9.2
20 10.8 12.2
40 21.7 24.4
60 32.5 36.6
80 43.4 48.8
90 48.8 54.9
Note: Coefficient of expansion for PVC is 0.0000542 mm/mm•°C and for CPVC is
0.0000612 mm/mm•°C.
Table A.2
Initial set time for joining PVC and CPVC pipe, h
Temperature range during initial set time

NPS –20 to 5 °C 5 to 15 °C 15 to 40 °C
Initial set time
1-1/4 3 1 0.25
1-1/2–3 6 2 0.50
3-1/2–8 12 4 1
10–14 24 8 2
16–24 48 16 4
Note: After the initial set, the joints will withstand the stresses of a normal
installation. (A badly misaligned installation will cause excessive stresses in the
joint, pipe, and fittings.) See Clause A.4.3.11.
100 November 2006
Table A.3
Joint cure time for PVC and CPVC pipe
Temperature range during assembly cure period
NPS Anticipated service pressure –20 to 5 °C 5 to 15 °C 15 to 40 °C
Joint cure time
1-1/4 ≤ 1 240 kPa 8h 2h 1h
> 1 240–2 550 kPa 48 h 12 h 6h
1-1/2–3 ≤ 1 240 kPa 16 h 4h 2h
> 1 240–2 170 kPa 96 h 24 h 12 h
3-1/2–8 ≤ 1 240 kPa 48 h 12 h 6h
> 1 240–2 170 kPa 8d 48 h 24 h
10–14 ≤ 1 240 kPa 8d 72 h 24 h
16–24 690 kPa 10–14 d 5d 48–72 h
Note: Times are calculated for a relative humidity of 60% or less. In damp or humid weather, 50% more cure time
should be allowed. See Clause A.4.3.12.
November 2006 101

CSA Standard
B181.3-06
Polyolefin and polyvinylidene fluoride
(PVDF) laboratory drainage systems
Published in November 2006 by Canadian Standards Association

A not-for-profit private sector organization
5060 Spectrum Way, Suite 100, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L4W 5N6
1-800-463-6727 • 416-747-4044
Visit our Online Store at www.ShopCSA.ca


Csa b181.2 06 PVC CPVC DWV

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Polyvinylchloride (PVC) and chlorinated polyvinylchloride

3 Definitions and abbreviations

4.2 Reworked material

4.3 Fire test for fire-stop fittings

4.4 Coated pipe

5 Manufactured pipe, fittings, and accessories

5.2 Dimensions of pipe

5.2.4 Wall thickness

5.2.5 Bell ends

5.3 Dimensions and configurations of fittings

5.3.1 Wall thickness

5.3.1.1 Moulded fittings — Body and hub

5.3.1.2 Moulded fittings — Spigots

5.3.1.3 Fabricated fittings

5.3.1.4 Shared common wall

5.3.1.5 Moulded reducer bushings

5.3.1.5.1 Extended reducer bushings

5.3.1.5.2 Flush-type reducer bushings

5.3.3 Lay lengths and configurations of moulded fittings

5.4 Chemical resistance of pipe, fittings, and accessories

5.5 Water resistance of pipe, fittings, and accessories

5.6 Dimensional stability of pipe, fittings, and accessories in sizes

5.7 Tightness of mechanical joints used downstream of trap seals

5.10 Expansion joints

5.11 Closet flanges

5.12 Backwater valves

5.13 Elastomeric end closures

5.14 Solvent cements

5.14.1 Solvent cements for PVC joints

5.14.2 Solvent cements for joining ABS to PVC

5.15 Quality control

5.15.2 Impact resistance of PVC pipe

5.15.3 Compression strength of pipe

5.15.4 Extrusion quality of pipe

5.15.5 Heat reversion in PVC moulded fittings

5.16 Fabricated fittings

5.16.1 Resistance to bending

5.16.2 Cemented joint strength of solvent-cemented fittings

5.16.3 Welded joint strength of welded fittings

6.2.3 Wall thickness

7.3 Expansion joints

7.4 Closet flanges

7.5 Backwater valves

7.6 Solvent cement

7.7 Coated pipe and fittings

1-1/4 42.00 42.30 ±0.30 3.56 33.74

6 168.00 168.60 ±0.64 7.10 151.54

16 405.90 406.90 ±4.10 12.70 373.20

*Sizes are based on Schedule 40 pipe.

Average entrance Average Minimum Out-of-roundness,

1-1/4 42.42 ± 0.13 42.04 ± 0.13 31.75 ±0.30

6 168.83 ± 0.28 168.00 ± 0.28 76.20 ±0.76

16 408.33 ± 0.89 406.40 ± 0.89 203.20 ±1.78

Optional radius, C Optional radius American standard taper

(a) Solvent-cemented fitting hub (b) Threaded adapter hub

Minimum wall thickness*, e, mm Exposure time, min

*See Table 3, dimension F for minimum wall thickness.

Note: An em-dash (—) indicates that no requirement is specified

(a) Style 1 (b) Style 2

A.2 Storage, stocking, and handling

A.3.3 Solvent cements

A.3.4 Capping assembled pipe and fittings

A.4 Installation technique