Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region V
Division of Masbate
MONREAL NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Monreal, Masbate

GENERAL MATHEMATICS (LAS)

LESSON 3 (Review of ASDM of Fractions, Algebraic Expressions and Real Numbers)

Name of Student:____________________________________
Learning Area: Grade: General Mathematics-Grade 11
Date: __________________

I. INTRODUCTORY CONCEPT

OPERATIONS OF FUNCTIONS (Review of ASDM of Fractions, Algebraic Expressions and Real Numbers)

Remember:

Fraction – is a part of a whole expressed through a numerator and a denominator.

Example: ½, 8/6 and 2 ¼.

Algebraic expression – in Math, is and expression which is made up of variables and constant along with algebraic operations
(addition, subtraction, etc.)

Example:
3x+4y-7

Real Numbers – are simply the combination of rational and irrational numbers in the number system.

Examples:
23, -12, 6.99, 5/2, 𝜋

Rules for Adding and Subtracting Fractions and Algebraic Expressions:

a. Find the least common denominator (LCD) of both fractions.
b. Rewrite the fractions as equivalent fractions with the same LCD.
c. The LCD is the denominator of the resulting fraction.
d. The sum or difference of the numerators is the numerator of the resulting fractions.

Example 1. Find the sum of 1/3 and 2/5.

Solution: The LCD of the two fractions is 15.
1 2 5 6 5 + 6 11
+ = + = =
3 5 15 15 15 15

1 2
Example 2: Find the sum of 𝑎𝑛𝑑
𝑥−3 𝑥−5

Solution: The LCD of the two rational expressions is (𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 − 5)𝑜𝑟 (𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 15).
1 2 𝑥−5 2(𝑥 − 3) 𝑥 − 5 + 2𝑥 − 6 3𝑥 − 11
+ = + = 2 = 2
𝑥 − 3 𝑥 − 5 𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 15 𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 15 𝑥 − 8𝑥 + 15 𝑥 − 8𝑥 + 15
Rules for Multiplying Fractions and Algebraic Expressions:
a. Rewrite the numerator and denominator in terms of its prime factor.
b. Common factors in the numerator and denominator can be simplified as (this is often called cancelling).
c. Multiply the numerators together to get the new numerator.
d. Multiply the denominators together to get the new denominator.

10 15
Example 3: Find the product of 21 𝑎𝑛𝑑 8 . Use cancellation of factors when convenient.
Solution: Express the numerators and denominators of the two fractions into their prime factors. Multiply and cancel out
common factors in the numerator and the denominator to reduce the final answer to lowest terms.
10 15 2 ∙ 5 3 ∙ 5 2∙5∙3∙5 25
∙ = ∙ = =
21 8 3 ∙ 7 2 ∙ 2 ∙ 2 3 ∙ 7 ∙ 2 ∙ 2 ∙ 2 28

𝑥 2 −4𝑥−5 𝑥 2 −5𝑥+6
Example 4: Find the product of 𝑥 2−3𝑥+2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 2−3𝑥−10.
Solution: Express the numerator and denominators of the two rational expressions into their prime factors. Multiply and
cancel out common factors in the numerator and the denominator to reduce the final answer to lowest terms. Note the
similarity in the process between this example and the previous one on fractions.
𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 5 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 6 (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 5) (𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 − 3)
∙ = ∙
𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 2 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 10 (𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 − 1) (𝑥 − 5)(𝑥 + 2)
(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 5)(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 − 3)
=
(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 5)(𝑥 + 2)
(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 3) 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 3
= = 2
(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 2) 𝑥 +𝑥−2

Rule for Dividing Fractions and Algebraic Expressions:

a. To divide two fractions or rational expressions, multiply the dividend with the reciprocal of the divisor.

5 7
Example 5. Find the quotient of 6 𝑎𝑛𝑑 .
10
Solution:
5 7 5 10 5 ∙ 1 2 ∙ 5 5 ∙ 1 ∙ 2 ∙ 5 25 4
÷ = ∙ = ∙ = = 𝑜𝑟1
6 10 6 7 2 ∙ 3 1 ∙ 7 2 ∙ 3 ∙ 1 ∙ 7 21 21

1 2
Example 6: Find the quotient of 𝑥−3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 .
𝑥−5
Solution:
1 2 1 𝑥−5 𝑥−5
÷ = ∙ =
𝑥−3 𝑥−5 𝑥−3 2 2𝑥 − 6

II. LEARNING SKILLS FROM CURRICULUM GUIDE

1. Recall the rules and process of Adding, Subtracting, Multiplying and Dividing of Fractions, Algebraic Expressions and Real
Numbers

III. ACTIVITIES
A. Solve the following:
2 5
1. Find the sum of 𝑥 + 𝑥.
3 1
2. Find the sum of 𝑥−2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 .
𝑥+3
5 2
3. Find the difference of 7 𝑎𝑛𝑑 14.
4. Find the difference of 8𝑏 − 7𝑐 + 2𝑑 𝑎𝑛𝑑 3𝑏 + 5𝑐 + 𝑑.
𝑥 2 +𝑥−12 𝑥 2 −8𝑥+15
5. Divide 𝑥 2−5𝑥−14 𝑏𝑦 𝑥 2 −12𝑥+35
𝑥 2 +𝑥−12 𝑥 2 +6𝑥+5
6. Find the product of 𝑥 2−5𝑥−6 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 2+7𝑥+12
7. Myla is a daughter of a fisherman and is trying to pursue her studies despite the hardships she encounters. In order to help
her parents, she makes sure to study harder and save ½ of the ₱ 10 daily allowance given by her mother. After 20 days, she
used 3/4 of what saved to buy the materials needed for her project in Mathematics instead of asking money from her
mother. How much money did Myla saved in 20 days? How much is left when she used the ¾ of her savings?
B. WHAT HAVE YOU LEARNED?

1. What are the procedures in adding and subtracting fraction? Algebraic expression?
2. How do you multiply fractions?
3. What steps should you follow in dividing fraction and algebraic expressions?

C. ASSESSMENT

Solve the following:

1. Find the sum of 2/4 and ¾.
2. Find sum of 6 2/4 and 3 1/6.
3. Find the difference of 5/8 and 2/6.
4. Add 8x+3y-10 and 5x-y-5.
5. Divide 15/17 by 6/9.
6. Multiply (3𝑥 2 − 3)𝑏𝑦 (2𝑥 + 8).
6𝑡−8 4𝑎−3
7. Divide 2𝑎+2 𝑏𝑦 5𝑡+4 .

D. ENHANCEMENT

Solve the following:

1. Find the sum of 1/6 and 2/5.
2. Find sum of 4 2/5 and 3 1/6.
3. Find the difference of 4/9 and 4/5.
4. Add 7a+10b-24 and 4a-12b+12.
5. Divide 2x-2/x-1 by 3x+4/x+2.
6. Multiply (6𝑚2 − 4)𝑏𝑦 (2𝑚 + 4).
5𝑑−2 3𝑐+5
7. Divide 𝑏𝑦 .
2𝑐+4 𝑑+4