MATHEMATICS 9

Quarter 4: Week 1
Objectives:
• define and illustrate ratio and proportion
• enumerate properties of proportion
• apply the fundamental theorem of proportionality to solve
problems involving proportion.
• Define and illustrate similar polygons
• Differentiate similarity and congruence
• Solve problems involving similarity
Ratio
 Ratio
Express the following in ratio in simplest form:
120
• 2hours to 30 minutes = =4
30
105 21
• 15 weeks to 10 days = =
10 2

• 12 out of 72 students are from STE Program

12 1
 Ratio of STE students to Non-STE students = =
60 5
 Proportion

4 𝑥 4 25 = 5𝑥
= 20 = 𝑥
5 25 100 = 5𝑥
 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐞𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬
𝑎 𝑐 𝑦 3
Property If = 𝑑 , where b0, d0 =
𝑏 𝑥 10
• Cross Multiplication
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛, 𝑎𝑑=𝑏𝑐 , where b 0, d0 10𝑦 =3x
Property
𝑎 𝑏 𝑦 𝑥
• Alternation Property 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛, = 𝑑 , where b 0, c0, d0 = 10
𝑐 3
𝑏 𝑑 𝑥 10
• Inverse Property 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛, = , where a0, b 0, c0, d0 𝑦
= 3
𝑎 𝑐
𝑎+𝑏 𝑐+𝑑 𝑦+𝑥 3+10
• Addition Property 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛, = , where b0, d0 𝑥
=
10
𝑏 𝑑
𝑎−𝑏 𝑐−𝑑 𝑦−𝑥 3−10
• Subtraction Property 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛, = , where b0, d0 =
𝑏 𝑑 𝑥 10
• Sum Property of the 𝑎+𝑐 𝑐 𝑎 𝑦+3 3 𝑦
𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛, = 𝑑= 𝑏 = 𝑘, where b0, d0 = = =k
Original Proportion 𝑏+𝑑 𝑥+10 10 𝑥
 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐞𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐏𝐫𝐨𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬
x 4
Using the proportion y = 9 , complete the following statement and determine the property used.

1) 4𝑦 = 9x (Cross Multiplication Property)

𝑥 𝑦
2) = (Alternation Property)
4 9
𝑥+𝑦 4+9 13 (Addition Property)
3) 𝑦
= 9
= 9

9 𝑦
4) = (Inverse Property)
4 𝑥
𝑥−𝑦 4−9 −5 (Subtraction Property)
5) = = 9
𝑦 9
 Similar Polygons

Two polygons are similar if, and only if, their corresponding angles
are congruent and the measures of their corresponding sides are proportional.

• Same shape
• Congruent Angles
• Proportional Sides
• Uses the symbol “” , read as “similar to”
 Similarity Vs. Congruence

• Same shape • Same shape and size

• Corresponding angles are congruent • Corresponding angles are congruent
• Corresponding sides are proportional • Corresponding sides are congruent
• Denoted by  “is similar to” • Denoted by  “is congruent to”
 Similar Polygons

Two polygons are similar if, and only if, their corresponding angles
are congruent and the measures of their corresponding sides are proportional.
B
6cm F
C 3cm
G
7cm
3.5cm
4cm 2cm

E 4cm H
A D
8cm
 Similar Polygons
B
6cm F
C
ABCD  EFGH 3cm
G
7cm
3.5cm
4cm 2cm

E 4cm H
A D
8cm

Congruent Angles Corresponding Sides

𝐴𝐵 𝐵𝐶 𝐶𝐷 𝐷𝐴
• ∠A  ∠E • ∠C  ∠G • = 𝐹𝐺 = 𝐺𝐻 = 𝐻𝐸
𝐸𝐹

• ∠B  ∠F • ∠D  ∠H
 Similar Polygons
B
6cm F
C
ABCD  EFGH 3cm
G
7cm
3.5cm
4cm 2cm

E 4cm H
A D
8cm

Scale Factor/s - ratio of the lengths of 2 corresponding sides of similar polygons

- solve for the missing side of similar polygons
- create similar polygons
 Similar Polygons
Assumed that the two quadrilaterals are similar. What is their scale factor?
12cm C 6cm G
D H
ABCD  EFGH
3cm 5cm
6cm 10cm • ABCD to EFGH is 2
E 3.5cm F
1
• EFGH to ABCD is
A B
2
7cm