STRUCTURKL

SYSTEM ND. 18 aap

UILDING- mil

CONSTRUCTIIN-I
NAME: FARHA TABASSUMR
SEM SEMESTERL-SECA
SRN NO:R22RAOk1
YEAR 2ORR
SCHOOL R.U.S:0.A
 CONTENT
SLNO TITLE SHEET NO0
1 BRTCK
TYPES OF BRICKS
HATCHPATTERNS
BRICK BOND-1
BRTCKBOND-2
STONE MASONK
COMPONENTS FAN ARCH
TYPES OF ARCHES
CATENARY ARCH
LNTELS 10
PTERS 11

12 SECTTON OF A WALL 12 APPROVED FOR V

SS-ASSIGNMENT 1-MONUMENT BULDING 0

1 S5ASSTGNMENTR CROSS-SECTION 02

Facu
 10MM

FROG

75MM
10NM

OM1T
STRETCHER

230MM
HE.ADER
115 MM

REMARKN AME: FARHA

SEM I SEM SECA|

BRTCK DA TE
SHEET NO:
SCALE:
17110/22
01
1:1
 FROG

a4
2 1 5

025
PRESSED BRICK HALF BAT THREE -QUARTER BAT BEVELLED BAT -LARGE

1/R
1/k

BEVELLED BAT SMALL QUEEN CLOSER-QUARTER QUEEN CLOSER -HALF KING CLOSER

28 OR 53MM RADIUUS

BEVELLED CLOSER DOUBLE BULLNOSE MITRED CLOSERS

REMARKINAME FARHA
SE SEM I SECA
TYPS OF BRTCKS DAIE 31/10/2022
SHEETNO 02
SCALE L
 BRICK STONE WOOD -L SECTTON WOOD LGS1

SAND FTLLING RCC PCC GiLASS

REMARK NAME FARHA

HATCHING PATTERNS h
SEM
AE
ISHECTNO
SCALE
SEM L SEC A
31/10/2022
 ELEVATION
QUOTN HEADER LONGER NARROW FACE
OF THE BRICK IS
CALLED THE STRETCHER
STRETCHER BOND IS
CREATED W
BRICKS ARE LATD
WITH ONLY THEIR
ELEVAT LON STRETCHER SHOWLNG
ISOMETRIC VIEW OVERLAPPED MIDWAY
WITH THE COURSE
OF BRICK AND RAT TRAP BOND TS A
ABOVE ODD COURSE PLAN BRICK MASONRN
OF ALL CONSRICT
ODD COURSE PLAN EVEN COURSE PLAN N.NHHICHBRICKS
ARE PLACED IN
VERTICAL POSITION
AND THJS CREATING|
A CAVITY WITHIN
STRETCHER BOND THE WALL

EVEN COURSE PLAN

HEADER BOND IS ALSO|
KNOWN AS HEADING
BOND IN HEADER
BONDS ALL BRICKS
NEACH COURSE ARE|
PLA CED AS HEADERS
OF THE WALIS
ELEVATION 150METRIC VIEW

ODD COURSE PLAN EVEN COURSE PLAN

S-STRETICHER
B3 H-HEADER
B THREEQUARTER|
BAT ISOMETRIC VIEW

HEADERBOND RAT- TRAP BOND

REMARKJNAME FARHA R_
SEM 1-SECA
BRICK BOND-01 aDATE
1 2 ,

SUECT NO
SCALL
12/1212022
T:10NAHN
 ENGLISH BOND FLEMISH BOND
OTN HEADER
qUOTN EADER

ELEVATION ENGLISH BOND CONSIST ELEVATTON FLEMTSH BOND HAS

RSE COURSE
CF ALTERNATE
HND
STRETCHERS AND SIREICHERS.
VERTTCAL JOTNTS IN UERY ALTERNITE
AND Cas AHEADER
ERS COURSE -
TE GORNER
ALSO NTHE
FUR THE
CDD COURSE PLAN ODD COURSE PLAN
FOR
OFV
t BREAKING
N T S
icEssiv
TN THE SUC.CESSTVE S ARENSRIE
GOURSE TT LS IN ALIEPNNE
ESSENTTAL TO PLACE COURSES EXL TO LE
GUEEN CLOSER AFIER GUOTN HEDER
THE 1S HEADER
IN HEADER COURSE

EVEN COURSE PLAN EVEN COURSE PLAN

Q- QUEEN CLOSER Q-GUEEN CLOSER

S- STREICHER S-STRETCHER
H-HEADER H HEADER
ISOMETRTC VIEI TsOME TRTLCVIEW

KEMARK INAME: FARHA R

SEM: SEM1-SEC AA
BRTCK BOND-2 C DATE:12 /12 /2022
.12
SHEETNO: 0S
SCALE 1:10L MEASURENENTS
J ARE TN NM
 DC

ELEVATLON SECTION ELEATTON SECTION

RANDOM RUBBLE UNCOURSED RANDOM RUBBLE BUTLT TO COURSES

BOUGH PICK|

ELEVATION SECTTAN ELEVATTON SEGTIoN

FLINT RUBBLE MASONRY POLYGONALRUBBLE. MASONRY SQUARED RUBBLE MASONRY
REMARKS NAME: FARHA R
STONE MASONRY c603Po
SEM: SEM 1-SECA
DATE: 06103/2023
SHEET NO:
SCALE:
06
 CROWN DEFINTITIONS
KEYSTONE
KEYSTONE: KEYSTONE IS A WEDGE SHAPED BLOK UNTT BUT IT
AUNCH EXTRADOS IS LARGER THAN THE VOUSSOTRS. THIS UNTT TS PLACED AT
THE HTGHEST POTNT OF THE ARCH.
VOUSSOTRR VOUSSOTLRS: THE WEDGE-SHAPED UNTTS OF MASONRY WHTCH ARE
FORMING AN ARCH IS CALLED AS VOUSSOTRS.
RISE EXTRADOS: THE OUTER CURVE OF AN ARCH TS TERMED AS
750 EXTRAD0S.
INTRAD0S: THE INNER CURVE OF AN ARCH TS TEAMED AS
TNIRADOS INTBADOS.
CROWN: THE CROWN TS THE HIGHEST PART OF AN ARCH. TN OTHER
WORDS, TT IS THE HEIGHT P0TNTS OF THE EXTRADOS ARCH
SPRTNGING SPRINGERHAUNCH: THE HALF OF THE ARCH BETWEEN THE CROWN AND
LLNE SKEWBACK IS CALLED HAUNCH.
TMPOST SPRINGER: IT TS THE FIRST VOU SSOIRS AT THE SPRINGTNG
SPAN 1500 ABUTMENT| LEVEL ON ETTHER STDE, OF THE ARCH.
SPAN:SPAN OF THE ARCH IS NOTHTNG BUT THE CLEAR HORIZ0NTA
WHAT IS AN ARCH? LDTSTANCE BETWEEN THE SUPPORTS.
IMAGINARY HORZON TAL LINE TOTNIN.
AN ARCH 1S
IS A SIRUCIUKE ONSJ K| GRINGLNGLNETHE
A STRUCTURE. CONSTR
THETWO SPRINGLNG POLNIS.
JCTED IN CURVED SHAPE WITH RSE OF THE ARCH: IT IS THE PERPENDICULAR DISTANCE
WEDGE SHAPED UNITS,WHICH ARE BETWEEN THE SPRINGTNG LINE AND THE HETGHESI POINT.
JOLNIED TOGETHER WITH MORTARI OF THE BELOW CURVE CINTRADOSI OF THE ARCH.
AND PROVIDED AT OPENINGS TO MPOST: THE PROJECTING COVRSE LS PROVTDED ON THE UPPER PART
SUPPORT THE WELGHI
SUPPORT OF THE
WET.GHT OF WALL PEK OR ABUTMENT 10 STRESS THE SPRINGTNG LINE. THLS
IHlt WALLL COURSE LS CALLED TMPOS
ABOVE TT ALONG WIITH OTHER ABUTMENT: THE SUPPORT OF AN ARCH. IT IS THE END SUPPORT OF A SPAN
SUPERTMPOSEDLOADS.BECAUSE aN WHICH THE ABRCH RESTS.THE ABUTMENT MAY BE WALLS OR COLUMNS
OF ITS SHAPE THE LOADS FROM| TN CASE OF BUTLDINGS,& RETATNG WALLS IN CASE OF A BRTDGE. AN
ABOVE GETS DISTRTBUTED T0 ABUTMENT SHOULD BE DEST,GNED TN SUCH A WAY THAT TT CAN EASTLY
SUPPORTS TPIERS OR ABUTMENTI| NI.THSTAND ARCH TARUST.

REMARKINAME FARHA R
VPOE
ISFAL ARC CefoloDATE
SHEETNO
SCALE
SEM 1-SECA
25 /01/20K3
07
ALL MEBSUREMN
SARE TN MM
 R

1200 1200 1200 1200 1200

TRTIANGULAR ARCH FLAT ARCH SEMICTRCULAB ARCH LANCENT ARCH EQUTLATERAL ARCH

C Cr C
Ca

1700 1200 1200 1K00 1200

TRTFOTL ARCH THREE CENTERED ARCH HORSE SHOA. ARCH FOUR CENTERED ARCH OGE.E ARCH
REMARK NAME FARHA R
D
ARCHI Ort
SEM SEM 1-SECA
DAIL
SHEETNO
SCALEL
23/01/2023
08
1:20 ALMASURLMENTS
 CHANGE THE SHAPE OF THE ARCH KEEP THE SHAPE,LOAD THE
HAUNCHES

LT IS IN THE.
MIDDLE THIRD
INVERTED CATENARY
CATENARY

HT EXAMPLE -01 REMEDY 1 TO EXAMFTE 1 REMEDY 2 TO EXAMPLE 1

A CATENARY IS THE NAME FOR ACURVE THAT CENTRAL LOAD EFAILURE CATENARI ARCH LOADED ARCH
OCCURS NATUR ALLY WHENA CATN GF UNFOR
DENSTTY IS ALLOWED TO HANG BY THE ACI1ON OF STABILITY PRINCIPLE
GRAV LTY. THE WORD IISELF JS DERLIVED FROM HI HORTZONTAL THRUST OF THE AVD EXAMPLE ONEA HEAVY CENTRAL LOAD IS APPLIED ON THE TOP OF THE ARCH.OR THE SHAPE
THE LATTN, CATENA, WHICH MEANS CHATAN. LI LINE OF THRUST WHTCH REPRESENIS
1S DISPROPO RTTONED.
N AN ARCHHELINE 0F HRUSI JS THE LINE THE SUCCESIVE ACTION OFTHE VOUSSOTRS. THE LINE OF THRUST PASSES IN THE INTRADOs THIRD AND NLL CAUSE FAILURE.
A TERTED TRP AT r LCAL, WELIGHT OF THE MASONRY
CURVE OF NAJURAL LOA IRANSFER. E HRUST
SEMICIRCULAR ARCHES HAVEA
VERY DIFFERENT PROF LLE COMPARE LOAD THE HAUNCHES OF THE ARCHH INCREASE THE WIDTH OF THE
TO CHANGE THE ANGLE OF THRUST. PIER OR,IF ITTSA VAULT, ADD
DTU THE GATENARY CURVE. LT WILL REGULAR SPACED BUT(RESS.
T
MOVE FARAWAY EROM THE CENTRE THIS WILY
CREATE AL0AD OFTENSIONS TNTHE ARCH N|
ORDER TOGET LI IN(HE, MIDDLE BRD OF
THE ARCH,TAE THICKNESS SHOOLD BE
IN REIATION TO THE SPAN SEMICTRCULAR
ARCH NEEDS TO BE VERY THICK TO BE
srhN STABLE Wlo ANY LOAD ON THE HAUNCH
T/vW W
INSTABILITY WITH TOO THIN ARCH STABILITYHITH THE PROPER ARCH T
S/20 THICKNESS:T S/5
TTLL ENTER THE MIDDLE THIRD OF THE ARCH AND IT WILL EXAMPLE -02 REMEDY 1 TO EXAMPLE OR REMEDY 2 TO EXAMPLE 0Z
BECOME STABLE PIER TO0 HIN AND FAILURE LOAD ON THE HAUNCHES WIDER PIER
2. THE LOADON THE HAUNCHES HILL LWAD THE PIER AND BRING
HEHRUST MORE VERTICAL.(HUS, THE WIDTH CF THE PIER CAN BE EX HE LUNE THRUST IS IN THE MIDDLE THIRD OF THE ARCH, BUT NOT
REDUCED ALS0.
3.THE HORIZONTAL THRUST IS DECREASED BUT THE WEIGHT AND
TN THE MIDDLE THIRD OF THE PIER.
THE LATTER IS NOT HIDE ENOUGH AND WILL COLLAPSE
THE RESULTANT THRUST ARE INCREASED.
REDUCED THICKNESS WITH LOAD
ONTHE HAUNCHES T= S/10

REMARK NAME FARHA.R

CATENARY ARCH Cn
25/olon
A
SEM SEM 1-SEC A
DATE 25/01/2023
SHEETNO
SCALE
09
 TIMBER LINTELS ARE STONE LTINTELS ARE THE
OLDEST TYPE. OF LILNTEL. MOST COMMON TYPES
THOUGH THEY ARE. NOT SPEGIALLY WHERE STONE
COMMOVLY USED NOW-A- IS ABUNDANTLY AVATLABLE.
DAYS THEY ARE RELATI= A STONE LNTEL CONSISIS
SPAN-1000 VELY COSTLTER,STRUCT OF STMPLE STONE SLAB
URALLY WEAK AND OF GREATER THLCKNESS.
ELEVATION SECTION VULNERABLE TO FIRE. .
ELEVATION Ca
SECTION

WOODEN LINTEL STONE LINTEL

STEEL LINTELS ARE RCC LINTELS HAVE

PROVIDED WHERE THE REPLACED PRACTICALLY
OPENING IS LARGE AND ALL OTHER TYPES OF
III NERE THE SUPER IMPOSED
LOADS ARE ALSO HEAVY. MAIN
REINFORCEMENT
STIRRUPS LLNTELS BECAUSE F
THTER S1RENGTH RIGIDITY
CDNCRE TE STONE FLRE RESTSTANGE,
EMBEDNÉNT FACTN E ECONOMY AND EASE IN
UNTT
ELEVATION CONSTRUCTION.
ELEVATION SECTION

STEEL LINTELS RCC LINTEL

THE DEPTH OF BRICK LINTE WHERE LOADS ARE HEAVY

L VARIES FROM 10 TO Z0CM
DEPENDING UPON THE SPAN.
IT I5 CONSTRUCTED OVER
TEMPORARY WOODEN CENTER
NG.
ELEVATION ELEVATION
BRICK LINTEL
OR SPAN TS MORE, LINTELS
MAY BE MADE OF REJNFOR
CED BRICK. THE DEPTH OF
SUCH LINTELS TS KEPT
MAN RENFORCEMENT EGUAL TO 10CM OR IN
MULTFLE.
ELEVAT TON SECTTON
BEINFCR CED BRICK LINTEL
REMARKS NÄME FARHA R

LINTELS
SEM SEM 1 SECA
DATE 06/02/2023.
02202.
SHEET NO 10
SCALE 1:20 AUL DIMENSIONS
N MM.
ARE
S

S
ELEVATION ODD EVEN ELEVATTON EVEN ODD
S ELEVATION EVEN ODD COURSB
GOURSEE GOURSE GOURSE GOURSE GOURSE

ISOLATED PIERS IN ENGLISH BOND-1 BRICK 130LATED PIERS TN ENGLISH BOND-12 BRTGK TSOLATED FIERS INFLEMISHBOND-1BRTOK THICK
THICR THIGK

EVEN COURSE EVEN GOURSE EVEN GOURSE EVEN COURSE

HE LT
ODD COURSE 0DD GOURSE ODD COURSE
ODD COURSE

ATTACHED PIER TN ENGLISIH ATTACHEDPIER IN ENGLISH ATTACHED PIER TN FLEMISH FLEMTSH

ATTACHED PIER IN
BOND 1 BRICK WALL BOND-1/2 BRICKWALL BOND-1BRICKWALL BOND-1%BRICK WALL
12 BRICK PIER 1 BRTCK PTER 1V2 BRICK PTERR
1 BRICK PIER
REMARKS NAME: FARHA R
SEM: SEM 1-SEGA

PLERS DATE: 06/03/2023

SHEET NO: 11
SCALE 1:10
 20 30 100
3000

2100

q00 900
200 300
150 150 1200 100
5

09
OST

O0V

-
SE 00b

REMARK NAME FARHA.R

CTION CF AWALL SEM: SEM1-SECA

DATE:
SHEET NO:
25/0212023
SCALE 1:10
12
 W DELHI] BUILT: 1474 LCHINAJ 50 1050 MDI
RLALS MATERTALSUSED:
EARTH BRICK WOOD SHNDS TONES
RBLE AL TONE STONE LTME
JANTAR MANTAR GREAT WALL OF CHINA KHAJURAHO TEMPLES

T ADT0-80 CROME.ITALYI BUTLT:1173-1312 C PTSA.ITALY BUTLT: 10O0 BC LTERUSALEM 1

ED: RATERTINE MATERTLALS USED:
CON CRETE BRLCKS MATERIALS USED:
MARBLES LTMESTONE
CLAMES MARELE LIME S1ONE STONES MARBLE
TAR
THE COLOSSEUM LEANING TOWER OF PISA DOIME OF HE ROCK
: FARHA

MOUMENTALBUTLDINGS 1
 SUPEESTKCTURE ELT.4

S L LEE4

FOOT LE

CCFOIIDATTOII
FOOTES4
LEJELCOIESEA| 2.CC

CROSS SECTION CFA LOAD BEARIIIG WALL CROSS ECTIOIN OF A WED

ELEVATION OF ALOAD BEARING WAL CROSS SECTION CF A OOR

PEMARKSUIE: FARHA R
SE: SEI1-SECA

CROSS SECTION DATE: C6103/2023

SCALE: