.

LEARNING ACTIVITY # 5
Name: ARVIN DE ASIS BURCE Score
Program / Course: Bsed -READING IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY Class Schedule: MON- TUE
Year & Section: ENGLISH/SS1A Contact No. / FB Account: Arvin D. Burce
Residential Address: Padre Burgos St. Brgy, Tabing Dagat Gumaca, Quezon

Type of Activity (check or choose from below)

Concept Notes Laboratory Report Portfolio
Skills: Exercise / Drill Illustration Others: ___________________
Title : Culture and Society of Early Filipino (A Chapter Summary)
Learning Target :Explain the significance of the barangay as political economic and socio-cultural
institution; and Give specific example of early Filipino social and cultural practice
which persist up to the present
References (Author, Title, and Pages):Camagay, M. L. T., et.al. Unraveling the Past- Readings in Philippine
History pp 7

At the previous lessons, we tackled about the early Filipino culture and society. And we learned that:

 Early Filipinos already had their own rich and complex tradition and customs before the coming of the
Spaniards in late sixteenth century. These cultural patterns varied throughout the archipelago due to
social and geographical differences etc.
 The barangay was the primary political, economic and sociological institution in the Philippines before
Spanish colonization. The baranganic society can be divided into three socioeconomic classes namely:
Ruling classes, Commoners, and Slaves
 The system of slavery in the Philippines was different from other societies since the slaves are not
properties. One can become a slave through unpaid debts, punishment, and raids. Another characteristic
of this kind of slavery is that there was a high possibility to become a freeman.
 Early Filipinos had a highly complex marriage customs as well as tattooing tradition and body
ornamentation. Meanwhile, the betel chew as a staple dainty was not just consumed by the Filipinos but
also by the Chinese and the Spaniard

As we familiarized the culture and social patterns of the early Filipinos such as social stratification,
marriage customs, slavery, clothing, ornaments, and even food and dainties. We also discovered the rich,
complex, and unique traditions and customs of early Filipinos.
Activity:
In five to ten sentences, discuss and elaborate the following topics:

1. The significance of the barangay as a political, economic and socio-cultural Institution of early Filipinos
2. Early Filipino social and cultural practices which persist up to the present. (Give a specific example)

THIS FORM IS FOR INSTITUTIONAL PURPOSES ONLY!

 LEARNING ACTIVITY # 6
Name: ARVIN DE ASIS BURCE Score
Program / Course: Bsed -READING IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY Class Schedule: MON- TUE
Year & Section: ENGLISH/SS1A Contact No. / FB Account: Arvin D. Burce
Residential Address: Padre Burgos St. Brgy, Tabing Dagat Gumaca, Quezon

Type of Activity (check or choose from below)

Concept Notes Laboratory Report Portfolio
Skills: Exercise / Drill Illustration Others: ___________________

Activity Title : The Culture of Early Filipinos

Learning Target : demonstrate understanding on the given concepts regarding with the culture of early
Filipinos
References (Author, Title, and Pages):Camagay, M. L. T., et.al. Unraveling the Past- Readings in Philippine History pp 29-34
Early inhabitants in the Philippines are believed to have reached the area over land bridges connecting
the islands to Malaysia and China. The first people were the Negritos, who arrived twenty-five thousand years
ago. Later immigrants came from Indonesia. After the land bridges disappeared, immigrants from Indo-China
brought copper and bronze and built the rice terraces at Banaue in northern Luzon. The next wave came from
Malaysia and is credited with developing agriculture and introducing carabao (water buffalo) as draft animals.

As a result, these groups of people

brought us different practices or
culture, such as marriage customs,
tattooing, clothing, and gastronomic
culture; the nganga or betel chew.
These practices are observed and
documented by various Spanish
Missionaries. Those works are
significant source of early Filipino
customs and tradition.
The following are works that
gave more detailed accounts of early
Filipino culture:
1. Cronicas by Juan Francisco de San
Antonio
2. Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas by Antonio de Morga
3. Boxer Codex

Activity:
Give a brief description of the following concepts about the culture of early Filipinos which are
mentioned on the given primary sources. Use the concept map below:

Clothing Gastronomic Culture

Culture of
Early
Filipinos
Marriage Custom/dowry Tattooing
system

THIS FORM IS FOR INSTITUTIONAL PURPOSES ONLY!

DO NOT COPY
Excerpt from Boxer Codex (the author is anonymous)

Primary Source
The Bisayans are accustomed to paint their bodies with some very elegant
tattoos. They do this with iron or brass rods, the points of which are heated on a fire. They have artisan who are adept at this. They
do this with such order, symmetry, and coordination that they elicit admiration for those who see them. These are done in the
manner of illuminations, painting all parts of the body, such as the chest, the stomach, legs, arms, shoulders, hands, muscles, and
among some, the posteriors. The women paint only the hands very elegantly. To the men, these paintings serve as clothing, and thus,
they look alright although they usually go around naked, and wear nothing on the body except a cotton cloth to fathoms long space
or a bit longer, and three-fourths of a fathom wide, which a few polished turns, the wrap around the waist and between the legs so
as to cover their private parts and posteriors, living rest of the body naked. This cloth they call in their tongue bahaque, and with this
and the paintings on their body, they look well as if they were dressed very elegantly. They have another type of clothing, which
consist of cotton blankets, that they make into morning wear. These are closed at the front. The men carry on their heads some very
fine multi-colored head-scarfs which they were as some sort of Turkish turban. They called these in their language purones and they
certainly are nice-looking and elegant. The young men wear them very finely with many inserts of strips of gold.

The garments and dresses of Bisayan women consist of some blankets

with diverse colored stripes made of cotton, and others are made from a
plant they have: some wear plain tafetta and damask that come from
Bahaque and Purones
China. These are made as follows: a blanket is sewn in such a way it
becomes like a big sack of wheat with two openings; the head is place
through one of openings, folding it down to the waist with both openings of
the blanket falling below; as slipknot with the same blanket is made above
the waist by grasping it since it is very wide to be able to make the knot; in
then hugs the body, with the knot to one side, very elegantly done, and now
it appears as if they were wearing a dress with two skirt. One side is longer
that the other because of the fold they make and they appear in this fashion
I have describe. With these they wear a pezuelo a chemise with half sleeves
that reach the elbows, although somewhere them with full sleeves. They are
close fitting, without colors, and are low-necked or low-cut and fasted at the
front with braids or cods of silk. Many wear a lot of gold jewelry that they
use as fasteners and small golden chains which they used as best as they
can. They do not wear any kind of blouse, nor have they become used to it.
Because all they wear is next to the skin; the waist and the stomach,
together with the legs, are uncovered to palm length. When they go out
they bring a shawl-like wrap made of white cotton, some of colored tafetta.
When the women leave their homes to visit others, they walk very slowly,
making a thousand movement with their body, with one sleeved arm
upraised, because they considered it fashionable to do so. The men likewise
do so, and if belonging to the principalia, the women wear crowns and
garlands on their heads made of tinsel imported from China and sometimes
when they do not have these, they wear garlands made of roses and flowers
from the fields,

Source: Boxer Codex

DO NOT COPY

THIS FORM IS FOR INSTITUTIONAL PURPOSES ONLY!

Excerts from Cronicas by Juan Francisco de San Antonio

Primary Source
It was not usual for them to have more than one own wife, and one own husband; but those who were chiefs and wealthy were allowed
to have some slaves as concubines, especially if their own wives did not prove fruitful. Only among the Visayans did the first religious ministers of
the gospel find established the custom of one man having many legitimate wives, and that of large dowries, which was no small obstruction to the
planting of the gospel. The general rule was for each man to have one legitimate wife; and they tried to obtain one who was of their own family,
and even very closely related to them, barring out the first degree, for that was always a direct impediment to their marriage. Their marriages were
not indissoluble, as are those of Christians. For if the consorts returned the dowry, one to the other, the one at fault to the one without blame, that
was sufficient for repudiation; and they could marry others, unless the couple had children, in which case all the dowry was given to these. If profits
had been made with the lapse of time, while they had lived together, those profits were divided between them both, if the gains were in common.
But if they were the secret gains of one of them, then that one kept them.
The dowry, which is called bigaycàya, was always given by the man (and it is even yet given), the parents of the girl determining the sum
beforehand, at the time when they discussed the marriage. The parents of the bride received that dowry, and neither the bride nor her parents
contributed any fund. The dowry was set according to the rank of the contracting parties; and if, perchance, the parents of the bride asked more
than the ordinary sum, they were under obligations to bestow some gift to the married couple to suit the occasion as, for instance, a couple of
slaves, some small gold jewel, or a bit of cleared land—for cultivation, as I have seen practiced even yet, and which they called pasonòr. In
this bigaycaya was included what they called panhimùyat, which was the sum that had to be paid to the mother of the bride in return for her care
and labor in the rearing and education of her daughter. In it was also included the pasòso, or the sum that was to be paid to the chichiva, or nurse,
who had reared her. At present, if perhaps there is no bigaycaya in any marriage, for any reason, they never fail to collect these revenues from the
groom, upon which there is generally a suit.
This dowry or bigaycaya was and is given before the marriage with all the solemnity that they can muster up, amid a great concourse of
maguinoos, relatives, and friends of the lovers. The latter are given the crosses on the money to kiss, which is counted and exhibited in public, in
confirmation of the pact; and then the marriage is immediately celebrated with feasting and rejoicing. The employment of this bigaycaya is not the
same in all the villages. In some it is all converted into the property of the parents of the bride, by way of trade, they selling their daughter (as do
those of Mesopotamia) for a reasonable price. If the men do not possess the wherewithal with which to buy them promptly, innumerable sins follow
and the two live in improper relations, even to the knowledge of the parents themselves—the young man serving as a servant in the houses of the
latter to do their will, but in the capacity of a son, as far as familiarity and permission for evil are concerned. Many efforts are employed to extirpate
this diabolical abuse, but it still costs great toil. Under the title of catipàdos (thus they call those who are engaged for marriage) are some
concubinages legitimate for all time, for which the bigaycàya is not necessary. Having given up the bigaycàya, the poor couple are left destitute, for
the parents of the bride take charge of everything.
The dowry was never returned to the one who gave it, unless the son-in-law were so obedient to his parents-in-law that he should win
their affection, in which case they returned him the dowry, at the death of any one; but this was rather a matter of charity than of obligation, as all
confess. If the woman who was to be married was alone, and had neither parents nor grandparents, she herself and no other received the dowry. At
present, the greed of the Indians must be greater; for this poor lone woman is never without either the chichiva who gave her the breast, who will
not be left without her payment, or uncle, aunt, or other relative in whose care she has been because of the loss of her legitimate parents. And since
the above consider themselves as her parents in this matter (the pinaca ama, as the Indians call it) they take upon themselves the place of her
parents, and get all the money, just as if they were the true parents.
All the relatives and friends who go to weddings were also wont to take each some little present. These gifts were set down very carefully
and accurately, in an account, noting whatever each one gave. For if Pedro So-and-so gave two reals at this wedding, two reals were also given to
him if he had another wedding in his house. All this money is spent, either in paying, if anything is due for the wedding, or as an aid in the expenses.
Or if the parents of both the young couple are niggardly, they divide it and keep it. If they are generous, they use it in the pamamuhay, or furnishing
of the house of the couple. Consequently, there is no regular custom in this. The nearest relatives give the couple a jewel as a mark of affection, but
do not give money. These jewels belong to the bride, and to no one else.
Three days before the wedding all the relatives of both parties assemble at the house where it is to be celebrated, to make the pàlapàla,
which is a sort of bower, by which they make the house larger so that all the guests may be accommodated easily. They spend three days in making
this. The next three days are those customary to the wedding and its feast. Consequently, there are six days of expense, of racket, of reveling, of
dancing and singing, until they fall asleep with fatigue and repletion, all helter-skelter without any distinction. Often from this perverse river the
devil in turn gets his little harvest—now in quarrels and mishaps which have happened, and now in other more common sins; the greatest vigilance
of the father ministers is insufficient to stop these wrongs, and there are no human forces (although there ought to be) which can banish these
pernicious ogalis.
In the olden days they employed certain ridiculous ceremonies, which had but little decency attending the intercourse of the couple upon
the night of the wedding, customs which have now been totally uprooted. The least indecent was the coming of the catalona or babaylana to
celebrate the espousals. They brought a hog for this purpose, and with it and on it performed their rites as in other sacrifices. The young couple
seated themselves on their bridal bed, in the laps of certain old women who played the part of godmothers of the espousal. These women fed the
young couple with their own hands from one dish, and they both drank from one vessel. The groom said that he loved the bride, and she that she
loved the groom. Thereupon the shouts of joy broke out, and cries, and there was singing and dancing and drinking. Then the catalona arose with
great gravity, and so many were the blessings that she showered down upon the young couple that, according to some that I have heard among
these natives, they would exceed without any doubt the flatteries of our gypsy men and women, when they tell the fortune of one who has given
them a large reward.
Source: The Philippine Island,
Vol. XL.

DO NOT COPY

THIS FORM IS FOR INSTITUTIONAL PURPOSES ONLY!

Excerpt from Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas by Antonio de Morga

Primary Source
The ordinary dainty throughout these islands, and in many kingdoms of the mainland of those regions, is buyo [betel].
This is made from a tree, whose leaf is shaped like that of the mulberry. The fruit resembles an oak acorn, and is white inside. This
fruit, which is called bonga, is cut lengthwise in strips, and each strip is put into an envelope or covering made from the leaf. With the
bonga is thrown in a powder of quick lime. This compound is placed in the mouth and chewed. It is so strong a mixture, and burns so
much, that it induces sleep and intoxication. It burns the mouths of those not used to it, and causes them to smart. The saliva and all
the mouth are made as red as blood. It does not taste bad. After having been chewed for a considerable time it is spit out, when it no
longer has any juice, which is called çapa [sapá]. They consider very beneficial that quantity of the juice which has gone into the
stomach, for strengthening it, and for various diseases. It strengthens and preserves the teeth and gums from all inflammations,
decay, and aches. They tell other wonderful effects of it. What has been seen is that the natives and Spaniards--laymen and religious,
men and women--use it so commonly and generally that mornings and afternoons, at parties and visits, and even alone in their
houses, all their refreshments and luxuries consist of buyos served on heavily-gilded and handsomely adorned plates and trays like
chocolate in Nueva España. In these poison has been often administered from which the persons eating them have died, and that
quite commonly.

The natives (especially the chiefs) take whenever they leave their houses, for show and entertainment, their boxes of
buyos which they call buccetas --ready to use, and the leaf, bonga, and quick lime, separately. With these handsome boxes, which are
made of metal and of other materials, they carry the scissors and other tools for making the buyo with cleanliness and neatness.
Wherever they may stop, they make and use their buyo. In the pariáns, or bazars, buyos are sold ready-made, and the outfit for
making them.

Betel chew or buyo (nga-nga) was a staple of every

household in precolonial and Spanish Philippine. Due to its
popularity, the betel was monopolized by the Spanish
government to generate revenues for the colony. Today,
betel chewing is still practice in the Cordillera and parts of
Mindanao

LEARNING ACTIVITY # 7
Name: ARVIN DE ASIS BURCE Score
Program / Course: Bsed -READING IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY Class Schedule: MON- TUE

THIS FORM IS FOR INSTITUTIONAL PURPOSES ONLY!

 Year & Section: ENGLISH/SS1A Contact No. / FB Account: Arvin D. Burce
Residential Address: Padre Burgos St. Brgy, Tabing Dagat Gumaca, Quezon
Type of Activity (check or choose from below)
Concept Notes Laboratory Report Portfolio
Skills: Exercise / Drill Illustration Others: ___________________
Activity Title : The Discovery of Archipelago de San Lazaro
Learning Target : discuss the events and circumstances leading to the Spanish discovery and
conquest ` of the Philippines
References (Author, Title, and Pages): Camagay, M. L. T., et.al. Unraveling the Past- Readings in Philippine
History 38-43
During the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, Europe saw an age of exploration and expansion brought
about by various factors such as:
1. there was the economic motive of finding a direct access to the profitable Oriental trade of luxury goods
such as silk and spices;
2. scientific and technological progress especially, in shipbuilding, cartography, and navigation
instruments significantly contributed to the success of exploratory expeditions; and
The quest to explore unknown and distant lands also involved the religious mission of spreading the
Christianity faith.
Portugal and Spain initially led the navigational race to the east. Portuguese sailors
explored the coast of the Africa continent and in 1498, Vasco de Gama successfully reached
India by rounding the Cape of Good Hope and sailing to the Indian Ocean. Meanwhile, the
Italian sailor Christopher Columbus was able to convince the Spanish crown that he can
reach the East through a Western route. In this attempt, he unsuspectingly reached the
enormous American continent. In 1519, the Portuguese sailor by the name of Ferdinand
Magellan would try to fulfill Columbus’ promise of reaching the East by sailing west. He would anchored on
Philippine shores on the other side of the globe two years later; thus making the beginning of Spanish presence
and influence on the Archipelago.
The Philippines was part of the Spanish empire for more than three centuries. During the long period,
native societies (especially in Luzon and Visayas) underwent a great transformation; the island were named Las
Phelipinas by Spanish voyagers; the population was organized in to pueblos or towns; pagan practices were
suppressed and Catholic Christianity was introduced; and central government was established inMagellan
Ferdinand the colonial
capital of Manila.
Let’s go back to the beginning of Spaniard conquest and colonization of the Philippine archipelago by
presenting and analyzing First Voyage around the World by Antonio Pigafetta as a primary source.
*Note: The excerpt from the aforementioned document is attached with this L.A.S.
Activity:
Using a flow chart below, list down and discuss some important events of Magellan’s expedition as
documented by Pigafetta. Be specific on what you want to pinpoint. (Make highest box the significant one.)

Starts Here Ends Here

DO NOT COPY
Excerpt from First Voyage Around the World by Antonio Pigafetta

THIS FORM IS FOR INSTITUTIONAL PURPOSES ONLY!

 Ferdinand Magellan was a Portuguese sailor who defected to Spain after his service to the Portuguese crown were not
properly recognized. He had seen action in the Far East when he participated in the capture of Malacca by the Portuguese forces in
1511. Turning to Spain, he managed to persuade King Charles V to furnish him with men and ships for an expedition that would
discover a western route to the East, a feat he would successfully accomplish. This would pave the way for Spanish intrusion into
East Asia and Pacific and the colonization of the archipelago.
The chronicle of the famed expedition was aptly named First Voyage Around the World; its author was the Italian Antonio
Pigafetta who took part in the said expedition. The ambitious expedition led by Magellan was composed of a fleet of five ships and
around 250 men who were mostly Castilian. They stared off from San Lucar, Spain, navigated through a strait located at the tip of
South America continent, and crossed the vast expanse of the Pacific Ocean. On March 16, 1521, almost two years of hardship at
sea, they saw the island of Samar the eastern part of the country. They named the newly discovered territory Archipelago de San
Lazaro because it was the feast day of the saint.

Primary Source

At dawn on Saturday, March sixteen, 1521, we came upon a high land at a distance of three hundred leguas from the islands of
Latroni—an island named Zamal [i.e., Samar]…. On Monday afternoon, March 18, we saw a boat coming toward us with nine men in it. Therefore,
the captain-general ordered that no one should move or say a word without his permission. When those men reached the shore, their chief went
immediately to the captain-general, giving signs of joy because of our arrival. Five of the most ornately adorned of them remained with us, while the
rest went to get some others who were fishing, and so they all came. The captain-general seeing that they were reasonable men, ordered food to be
set before them, and gave them red caps, mirrors, combs, bells, ivory, bocasine, and other things. When they saw the captain’s courtesy, they
presented fish, a jar of palm wine, which they call uraca [i.e., arrack], figs more than one palmo long [i.e., bananas], and others which were smaller
and more delicate, and two cocoanuts.
Those people became very familiar with us. They told us many things, their names and those of some of the islands that could be seen
from that place. Their own island was called Zuluan and it is not very large. We took great pleasure with them, for they were very pleasant and
conversable. In order to show them greater honor, the captain-general took them to his ship and showed them all his merchandise—cloves,
cinnamon, pepper, ginger, nutmeg, mace, gold, and all the things in the ship. He had some mortars fired for them, whereat they exhibited great
fear, and tried to jump out of the ship. They made signs to us that the abovesaid articles grew in that place where we were going. When they were
about to retire they took their leave very gracefully and neatly, saying that they would return according to their promise. The island where we were
is called Humunu; but inasmuch as we found two springs there of the clearest water, we called it Acquada da li buoni Segnialli [ i.e., “the Watering-
place of good Signs”], for there were the first signs of gold which we found in those districts . We found a great quantity of white coral there, and
large trees with fruit a trifle smaller than the almond and resembling pine seeds. There are also many palms, some of them good and others bad.
There are many islands in that district, and therefore we called them the archipelago of San Lazaro, as they were discovered on the Sabbath of St.
Lazurus.

Magellan also met some local chief with home he had cordial relationship. Afterwards, on Easter Sunday, the first
recorded mass in the Philippine history, was held by in a small island called “Mazaua”. Interpretation of Pigafetta’s account have
differed as to the place of the first mass; whether it was the small island Limasawa, south of Leyte or Butuan in northern Mindanao.
However, scholars have presented evidences which tended to favor Limasawa over Butuan.

Pieces of gold, of the size of walnuts and eggs are found by sifting the earth in the island of that king who came to our ships. All
the dishes of that king are of gold and also some portion of his house, as we were told by that king himself. According to their customs he was very
grandly decked out [molto in ordine ,and the finest looking man that we saw among those people. His hair was exceedingly black, and hung to his
shoulders. He had a covering of silk oh his head, and wore two large golden earrings fastened in his ears. He wore a cotton cloth all embroidered
with silk, which covered him from the waist to the knees. At his side hung a dagger, the haft of which was somewhat long and all of gold, and its
scabbard of carved wood. He had three spots of gold on every tooth, and his teeth appeared as if bound with gold. He was perfumed with storax
and benzoin. He was tawny and painted [i.e., tattooed] all over. That island of his was called Butuan and Calagan. When those kings wished to see
one another, they both went to hunt in that island where we were. The name of the first king is Raia Colambu, and the second Raia Siaui.

Early on the morning of Sunday, the last of March, and Easter-day, the captain-general sent the priest with some men to prepare the
place where mass was to be said; together with the interpreter to tell the king that we were not going to land in order to dine with him, but to say
mass. Therefore the king sent us two swine that he had had killed. When the hour for mass arrived, we landed with about fifty men, without our
body armor, but carrying our other arms, and dressed in our best clothes. Before we reached the shore with our boats, six pieces were discharged as
a sign of peace. We landed; the two kings embraced the captain-general, and placed him between them. We went in marching order to the place
consecrated, which was not far from the shore. Before the commencement of mass, the captain sprinkled the entire bodies of the two kings with
musk water.” The mass was offered up. The kings went forward to kiss the cross as we did, but they did not offer the sacrifice. When the body of our
Lord was elevated, they remained on their knees and worshiped Him with clasped hands. The ships fired all their artillery at once when the body of
Christ was elevated, the signal having been given from the shore with muskets. After the conclusion of mass, some of our men took communion.

The expedition then proceeded to the port of Cebu. There they meet Cebu’s ruler. Raja Humabon, whom Magellan,
however, gets embroiled in a conflict between the two chief of Mactan. Zula and Lapu-Lapu- which was eventually followed by a
battle.

THIS FORM IS FOR INSTITUTIONAL PURPOSES ONLY!

 Magellan observed that the ocean
was calm and tranquil, and called
it Mar Pacifico; the name stuck in
Italian, Spanish, and Portuguese
usage- giving the Pacific Ocean its The map shows the route
current name. taken by the Magellan
expedition

On Friday, April twenty-six,

Zula, a chief of the island of Matan, sent one
of his sons to present two goats to the
captain-general, and to say that he would
send him all that he had promised, but that
he had not been able to send it to him
because of the other chief Cilapulapu, who
refused to obey the king of Spagnia. He
requested the captain to send him only one
boatload of men on the next night, so that they might help him and fight against the other chief. The captain-general decided to go thither with
three boatloads. We begged him repeatedly not to go, but he, like a good shepherd, refused to abandon his flock. At midnight, sixty men of us set
out armed with corselets and helmets, together with the Christian king, the prince, some of the chief men, and twenty or thirty balanguais. We
reached Matan three hours before dawn. The captain did not wish to fight then, but sent a message to the natives by the Moro to the effect that if
they would obey the king of Spagnia, recognize the Christian king as their sovereign, and pay us our tribute, he would be their friend; but that if they
wished otherwise, they should wait to see how our lances wounded. They replied that if we had lances they had lances of bamboo and stakes
hardened with fire. [They asked us] not to proceed to attack them at once, but to wait until morning, so that they might have more men. They said
that in order to induce us to go in search of them; for they had dug certain pitholes between the houses in order that we might fall into them. When
morning came forty-nine of us leaped into the water up to our thighs, and walked through water for more than two crossbow flights before we
could reach the shore. The boats could not approach nearer because of certain rocks in the water. The other eleven men remained behind to guard
the boats. When we reached land, those men had formed in three divisions to the number of more than one thousand five hundred persons. When
they saw us, they charged down upon us with exceeding loud cries, two divisions on our flanks and the other on our front. When the captain saw
that, he formed us into two divisions, and thus did we begin to fight. The musketeers and crossbowmen shot from a distance for about a half-hour,
but uselessly; for the shots only passed through the shields which were made of thin wood and the arms [of the bearers]. The captain cried to them,
“Cease firing! cease firing!” but his order was not at all heeded. When the natives saw that we were shooting our muskets to no purpose, crying out
they determined to stand firm, but they redoubled their shouts. When our muskets were discharged, the natives would never stand still, but leaped
hither and thither, covering themselves with their shields. They shot so many arrows at us and hurled so many bamboo spears (some of them tipped
with iron) at the captain-general, besides pointed stakes hardened with fire, stones, and mud, that we could scarcely defend ourselves. Seeing that
the captain-general sent some men to burn their houses in order to terrify them. When they saw their houses burning, they were roused to greater
fury. Two of our men were killed near the houses, while we burned twenty or thirty houses. So many of them charged down upon us that they shot
the captain through the right leg with a poisoned arrow. On that account, he ordered us to retire slowly, but the men took to flight, except six or
eight of us who remained with the captain. The natives shot only at our legs, for the latter were bare; and so many were the spears and stones that
they hurled at us, that we could offer no resistance. The mortars in the boats could not aid us as they were too far away. So we continued to retire
for more than a good crossbow flight from the shore always fighting up to our knees in the water. The natives continued to pursue us, and picking
up the same spear four or six times, hurled it at us again and again. Recognizing the captain, so many turned upon him that they knocked his helmet
off his head twice, but he always stood firmly like a good knight, together with some others. Thus did we fight for more than one hour, refusing to
retire farther. An Indian hurled a bamboo spear into the captain’s face, but the latter immediately killed him with his lance, which he left in the
Indian’s body. Then, trying to lay hand on sword, he could draw it out but halfway, because he had been wounded in the arm with a bamboo spear.
When the natives saw that, they all hurled themselves upon him. One of them wounded him on the left leg with a large cutlass, which resembles a
scimitar, only being larger. That caused the captain to fall face downward, when immediately they rushed upon him with iron and bamboo spears
and with their cutlasses, until they killed our mirror, our light, our comfort, and our true guide. When they wounded him, he turned back many times
to see whether we were all in the boats. Thereupon, beholding him dead, we, wounded, retreated, as best we could, to the boats, which were
already pulling off.

Source: The Philippine Islands 1498-1896 Vol. XXXIII (1519-1522)

After Magellan’s demise, the remaining members of the expedition tried to make their way back to Spain but only the
little ship Victoria commanded by Sebastian del Cano was able to return safety. The eighteen survivor arrived in Seville in 1512,
competing the first continuous circumnavigation of the world. Several expedition were sent by Spain in the next four decades in
order to establish their claims over Moluccas and each one of them made stop in the Philippine islands. One expedition led by Ruy
de Villalobos gave the islands the name La Phelipinas in honor of the Spanish crown prince Philip II.

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 LEARNING ACTIVITY # 8
Name: ARVIN DE ASIS BURCE Score
Program / Course: Bsed -READING IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY Class Schedule: MON- TUE
Year & Section: ENGLISH/SS1A Contact No. / FB Account: Arvin D. Burce
Residential Address: Padre Burgos St. Brgy, Tabing Dagat Gumaca, Quezon
Type of Activity (check or choose from below)
Concept Notes Laboratory Report Portfolio
Skills: Exercise / Drill Illustration Others: ___________________
Activity Title : The Philippines Become a Spanish Colony
Learning Target : determine the effects of the events in fulfilling the aims of Spaniards in taking over the
Philippines
References (Author, Title, and Pages):Camagay, M. L. T., et.al. Unraveling the Past- Readings in Philippine History pp 46-47
After the remaining members of Magellan’s expedition made their way
back to the Spain. King Philip II of Spain, one of the most powerful European Villalobos was sent and arrived
monarch of his time, decided to relinquish his claim to the Moluccas to in the archipelago in 1543 after
Portugal and colonized the Philippines instead. An expedition under Miguel Magellan’s expedition
Lopez was organized in Mexico. It set sail on November 20, 1564 from the
port of Navidad with instructions handed by the Royal Audiencia of Mexico. Eventually, the
Philippine would be ruled from Mexico, also know the procedures and precaution followed by
the Spanish voyagers. The Spaniards had three main aims in taking over the Philippine islands,
namely, the expansion of trade, the conversion of the natives to Catholicism, and the extension
of territories ruled by the King of Spain. Miguel Lopez de Legazpi
The expedition reached Samar on February 14, 1565. Legaspi and his crew went around
the Visayas Islands in the central region of the archipelago and were met by the natives with suspicion and
indifference. However, in the island of Bohol, Legazpi performed the blood compact with chief Sikatuna which
signified a friendly relationship. Miguel Lopez de Legazpi eventually became the first governor-general of the
Philippines.
Then, Due to lack of food and basic provision, he transferred camp to the nearby island of Panay and
from there, sent master-of-camp, Martin de Goiti to explore the northern region of Luzon.
These accounts are recorded or rather documented in primary sources as follows:
1. Instruction to Miguel Lopez de Legaspi from the Royal Audiencia of New Spain
2. Relation of the Conquest of the Island of Luzon”
*Note: The excerpt from the aforementioned document is attached with this L.A.S.
Activity:
After you read the given primary sources, complete the table below.

Spaniard’s Three Main Aims in Taking over the Philippine Islands

The Expansion of The Conversion of the Natives The Extension of Territories

Trade to Catholicism ruled by the King of Spain.

How did Spaniards in

the Philippines do the
task?

Effects of the events

on Early Filipinos

Your points of view

regarding with the
doings of the
Spaniards in the

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 Philippines.

DO NOT COPY
Excerpt from “Relation of the Conquest of the Island of Luzon” in The Philippine Islands Vol. III 1493-1803

De Goiti found the port and town of Maynilad located along the mouth of the Pasig River. Peace was negotiated
between the Spaniards and the natives of Maynilad led by its Muslim chief Raja Soliman but hostilies soon ensued and the town was
sacked by the Spaniards with the help of their Visayan allies. Legaspi himself transferred to Manilad in 1571 and made it capital of
the new colony. This was followed by the pacification of the surrounding lowland communities. They also encountered several
Chinese traders in the area which contributed to the decision to transfer to Manila. The trade with China would prove economically
crucial to the Spanish colony. Manila would eventually develop into a city within walls or Instamuros where most of the Spanish
residents lived. It received the title Muy Insigne y Siempre Leal Cuidad ( Eminent and Ever Loyal City) from Spain.

Primary Source

The master-of-camp set sail for the island of Luzón, or rather the port and village of Manilla, which was said
to be large and very strong. It is but just to say that it is not more than one-tenth as large and as strong as in Nueva
España and in other places it is reported to be; and yet, in comparison with the natives of this land, the inhabitants of
Manilla were powerful, for they had twelve pieces of small and inferior artillery and a few culverins, with such other
weapons as I have already mentioned. This village of Manilla is situated on a tongue of land extending from east to west
between the river and the sea, and a fort had been built on the extreme western end of this peninsula at the entrance to
the port. The sea makes a very large harbor about thirty leagues in circumference; and bordering upon this harbor are
many villages, among which is that of Manilla. Manilla is now a Spanish city, founded in the name of his Majesty by the
governor Miguel López de Legazpi. The captain-general and Captain Juan de Sauzedo having arrived in view of this port
of Manilla, entered in peace, and under the safe-conduct of two native chiefs of the said village. One of these was called
Laya, lately deceased, who died a Christian; the other was called Raxa Solimán. With these two chiefs were drawn up
articles of peace, although Raxa Soliman was suspected of lack of good-faith, while Laya was always to be trusted, even
until the day of his death. While these peaceful negotiations were in progress between the master-of-camp and the two
chiefs above-mentioned, there collected a large number of natives of various classes; and yet there were not so many a»
was reported in Nueva España, where it was claimed that there were in all eighty thousand Moros in this village of
Manilla, when this event took place. Indeed one should subtract seventy-eight thousand from the eighty thousand
mentioned, in order to arrive at the two thousand which there might have been from the said village of Manilla and
those in its environs, including the women and children, who were present in great numbers. Now, as I say, these
negotiations being in progress, some of the natives desired peace and others war; for indeed the Indians had some pride,
and it seemed to them that the Spaniards were very few and could be easily slain, even if only with clubs. Thus it was
that, at the end of three days during which these friendly negotiations continued (because it was impossible to come to
an agreement, or conclude them), one day at ten o'clock, on the twenty-fourth day of the month of May of the year
above mentioned, the Indians, who were in the fort, began to discharge their artillery at two of our ships, which were
moored very near by. The master-of-camp was ashore with eighty soldiers, close to this same fort, on a small piece of
level ground. The fort was made of palm-tree logs surmounting a very narrow mound, and the pieces of artillery
protruded from immense gaps by which the soldiers could enter at will, as I have said above. Now when the Moros began
to violate the articles of peace and friendship which the master-of-camp had made with them, the latter was deeply
concerned; for he had great fear, because the enemy were in force. Yet, when he saw that the battle had broken out, he
put on his helmet, and commenced to encourage his soldiers, telling them that they should acquit themselves as
Spaniards, and as they had always done in critical times. Thereupon he ordered them to attack the fort through the
openings made for the artillery, and it pleased God that not one of the gunners had the courage to fire his piece; and so
great was the confusion, that they trembled upon seeing the Spaniards enter with so great spirit, and, turning their
backs, abandoned themselves to flight, and slew one another in their mad rush for freedom. The master-of-camp,
realizing that the village was large and rich, and that the victory was his by the grace of God, for the soldiers were few,
feared lest our soldiers should, through greed, set to plundering the houses and become widely scattered; and that, if the
enemy should see them thus scattered, they would return and attack them when unable to reunite. That he might avoid
this danger he ordered the village to be set on fire, and the soldiers to collect upon the promontory, which order was
obeyed.

Source: The Philippine Islands 1493-1803 Vol.3 (1569-1576)

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Excerpt from “Instruction to Miguel Lopez de Legaspi from the Royal Audiencia of New Spain” The Philippine Islands Vol. II 1493-
1803

Legazpi arrived in the island of Cebu on April 27, 1565. He defeated the recalcitrant Cebuanos and establish his
settlement there, calling it Nombre bde Jesus I after a wooden image of the holy child was discovered by one of his men. Due to lack
of food and basic provision, he transferred camp to the nearby island of Panay and from there, sent master-of-camp, Martin de Goiti
to explore the northern region of Luzon.

Primary Source

“[ W]hat seems best for the service of God, our Lord, and ourselves, and with the least possible cost to our
estate; and therefore I order you, by virtue of your commission to make the said discoveries by sea, that you shall
dispatch two ships… for the discovery of the western islands toward the Malucos. You must order them to do this
according to the instruction of sent you, and you shall stipulate that they try to bring some spice in order to make the
essay of that traffic; and that, after fulfilling your orders, they shall return to that Nueva Espana, which they must do, so
that it may be known whether the return voyage is assured.” These ships not must enter any islands belong to the king of
Portugal, but they shall go “to other islands, such as the Phelipinas and other, which lie outside the above agreement and
within our demarcation, and are said likewise to contain spice,” The necessary artillery, article of barter, etc., will be sent
from the Indian House of Trade in Seville. . . The viceroy must issue instructions to the vessels that they “must do not
delay in trading and bartering, but return immediately to Nueva Espana, for the principal reason of this expedition is to
ascertain the return voyage”

“[B]ut you shall enter other island contiguous to them, as for instance the Filipinas, and others outside the
said treaty, and within his majesty’s demarcation, and which are reported also to contain spice.

“When you have arrived at the said Filipinas islands, and other island contiguous to them and the Malucos,
without however entering the latter… you shall try to discover and examine their ports, and ascertain and learn minutely
the settlement therein and their wealth; the nature and mode of life of the natives; the trade and barter among them,
and with what nations; the value and price of spices among them , the different varieties of the same, and the equivalent
for each in the merchandise and articles for exchange that you take from this land ; and what other thing may
advantageous. You shall labor diligently to make and establish sound friendship and peace with the natives, and you
shall deliver to their seigniors and chiefs, and may seem best to you, the letters from his majesty’s affection and love of
them, giving them a few presents… and treating them well. And you may exchange the articles of barter and the
merchandise that you carry for spice, drugs, gold, and other articles of value and esteem. . And if, in your judgment, the
land is so reach and such quality that you should colonize therein, you shall establish in a colony in that part and district
that appears suitable to you, and where the firmest friendship shall have been made with you; and you shall affirm and
observe inviolably this friendship.

Source: The Philippine Islands 1493-1803 Vol. II (1521-1569)

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 MIDTERM
LAS#5-8
LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS
GE4: READING IN THE
PHILIPPINE HISTORY

BSED
SS1A-ENG1A
ARVIN DE ASIS BURCE, LPT.
INSTRUCTOR

ROSEMARIE B. ALFARERO
INSTRUCTRESS

THIS FORM IS FOR INSTITUTIONAL PURPOSES ONLY!

THIS FORM IS FOR INSTITUTIONAL PURPOSES ONLY!