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Mathematics
Quarter 4 – WEEK 6
MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY OF
UNGROUPED AND GROUPED DATA

MARYGIL T. MANAOAT, Writer

Teacher I, Bugallon Integrated School
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Table of Contents

What I need to Know ----------------------------------------------- 2

What I Know ----------------------------------------------- 2-3
Lesson: Measures of Central Tendency ------------------------- 3
Of Ungrouped and Grouped Data
What’s In ----------------------------------------------- 3 - 4
What’s New ----------------------------------------------- 4 - 5
What Is It ----------------------------------------------- 5 - 10
What’s More ----------------------------------------------- 10
What I Have Learned ----------------------------------------------- 11
What I Can Do ----------------------------------------------- 11
Assessment ----------------------------------------------- 11 - 12
Additional Activities ----------------------------------------------- 12
Answer Key ----------------------------------------------- 13
References ----------------------------------------------- 13
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What I Need to Know

This module is designed and written to help you master the different Measures
of Central Tendency (Mean, Median, and Mode). The scope of this module covers
many different learning situations and the language used comes in the diverse
vocabulary level of students. Lessons are arranged in standard sequence of the
course but the order may be different from the textbook you are using.
The module is all about Measures of Central Tendency (Mean, Median and
Mode) (M7SP-IVf-1 and M7SP-IVf-g-1). Specifically, you will:
1. illustrate the measures of Central Tendency (Mean, Median and Mode)
2. calculate the measures of Central Tendency of ungrouped and grouped
data.

What I Know
Let us determine how much you already know about Mean, Median and
Mode. If you answer all the test items correctly in this pretest, then you may
skip studying this learning material and proceed to the next learning module.
Direction: Read and understand the questions. Choose the letter of your answer
and write it in your Mathematics notebook.
1. Margie has grades 86, 68, and 79 in her first three tests in Algebra. What
grade must she obtain on the fourth test to get an average of 78? a .76
c. 78
b. 77 d. 79
2. What is the median age of a group of employees whose ages are 36, 38, 28,
30, 26 and 25 years?
a. 25 c. 29
b. 26 d. 30
3. Nine people gave contributions in pesos: 100, 200, 100, 300, 300, 200, 200,
150,100, and 100 for a door prize. What is the median contribution?
a. Php 100 c. Php 175
b. Php 150 d. Php 200
4. 4. If the heights in centimetres of a group of students are 180, 180, 173, 170,
and 167, what is the mean height of these students?
a. 170 c. 174
b. 173 d. 180
5. What is the average height of each team in inches?
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Grade 8 Learner’s Material First Edition, 2013

a. 76 c. 72
b. 78 d. 75
For items 6 – 10 refer to the data below. Choose the letter that corresponds to
the best answer:
Scores Frequency
41-45 1
36-40 8
31-35 8
26-30 14
21-25 7
16-20 2

6. What is the class interval?

a. 2 c. 4
b. 3 d. 5
7. What is the median class?
a.11-15 c. 21-25
b.16-20 d. 26-30 8.
What is the value of the median score?
a. 29.10 c. 29.15
b. 29.29 d. 29.43
9. What is the mean score?
a. 26 c. 30
b. 28 d. 32
10. Which of the following is the <cf ?
a. 6 c. 8
b. 7 d. 9

Lesson Measures of Central Tendency of Ungrouped and

1 Grouped Data

What’s In
n the previous modules, you learned about sorting and presenting the
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data statistically. The knowledge and skills you acquired are very important for you
to understand the three different measures of Central Tendency of Ungrouped and
Grouped Data.34 45 37 29 20 Hence, let us
review how to36 20 20 34 45 sort and present
the data using40 40 34 45 40 table.
30 30 20 29 36
Activity 1:
Given the set of data, construct a frequency table and a frequency
histogram using intervals of 5. Write your answer on your Mathematics
Notebook.

What’s New
Let us begin with exploratory activities that will introduce you to the basic
concepts of measures of central tendency and how these concepts are applied in
real life.
Activity 2: WHAT’S THE STORY BEHIND?
1. Daria bought T-shirts from a department store. She paid an average of Php 74
per shirt. Part of the torn receipt is shown below.

Grade 8 Learner’s Material First Edition, 2013

a. How much did she pay for each white shirt?
b. How much did she pay in all? Why?
c. What measure of central tendency is most appropriate here? Why?

2. The bar chart shows the number of magazines borrowed from the library last
week.
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Grade 8 Learner’s Material First Edition, 2013
a. How many magazines were borrowed on Friday? Why?
b. What is the mean number of magazines borrowed per day last week? What does this value
tell you? Why? `
c. On what day is the most number of magazines borrowed? Why?
d. Describe the number of magazines borrowed on a Tuesday. Why do you think so?

What Is It
Ungrouped Data
A. MEAN
The mean (also known as the arithmetic mean) is the most commonly used
measure of central tendency. It is used to describe a set of data where the
measures cluster or concentrate at a point. As the measures cluster around each
other, a single value appears to represent distinctively the typical value.
It is the sum of measures x divided by the number N of measures in a variable. It is
symbolized as x (read as x bar). To find the mean of an ungrouped data, use the
formula

where:
Σx = the summation of x (sum of the measures)
N = number of values of x.

B. MEDIAN
The median is the middle value in a set of quantities. It separates an ordered set
of data into two equal parts. Half of the quantities are found above the median and
the other half is found below it. 𝑋̃ 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑦𝑚𝑏𝑜𝑙 𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑡𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 .
To find the median of an ungrouped data, follow these steps:
1. Arrange the quantities either in ascending or descending order.
2. If n is odd, the median is at the middle and if n is even then take the two scores at
the middle and find their averages.

C. MODE
The mode is the quantity with the most number of frequency.
A set of data is a unimodal distribution if it contains only one mode. For
instance, the set 11,15,13,15,14,13,15 is unimodal. The mode is 15 with 3
frequencies.
A set is bimodal distribution if it contains two modes and trimodal if it contains three
modes.
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Example:
The grades in Mathematics of 10 students are 87, 84, 85, 85, 86, 90, 79, 82,
78, and 76. Find the Mean, Median and Mode

Solutions:
Mean

= 87+84+85+5+86+90+79+82+78+76
10
= 832
10
= 8.32
Hence, the mean grade of the 10 students is 83.2.

Median
First, arrange each score in ascending or descending order.
Number Score
1 90
2 87
3 86
4 85
5 85
6 84
7 82
8 79
9 78
10 76

Since n= 10 and is even, get the average of the two middle scores 5 th and 6th

scores, 85 and 84 respectively.Therefore, the median is = = 84.5

Mode
87, 84, 85, 85, 86, 90, 79, 82, 78, and 76.
The mode is 85 and it is a unimodal distribution.
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Grouped Data
A. MEAN
When the number of items in a set of data is too big, items are grouped for
convenience. To find the mean of grouped data using class marks, the following formula can
be used:

Mean =
∑𝑓

where: f is the frequency of each class

X is the class mark of each class

B. MEDIAN
The median is the middle value in a set of quantities. It separates an ordered
set of data into two equal parts. Half of the quantities is located above the median
and the other half is found below it, whenever the quantities are arranged according
to magnitude (from highest to lowest.)
In computing for the median of grouped data, the following formula is used:

Median = 𝑙𝑏𝑚𝑐 + ∑ 𝒇
𝟐 - <cf i
𝑓𝑚𝑐

where: lbmc is the lower boundary of the median class;

f is the frequency of each class;
<cf is the cumulative frequency of the lower class next to the median class;
fmc is the frequency of the median class; and i is the class interval.
The median class is the class with the smallest cumulative frequency greater than or
equal to ∑ 𝑓
. The computed median must be within the median class.
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C. MODE
The mode of grouped data can be approximated using the following formula:

where: lbmo is the lower boundary of the modal class;

D1 is the difference between the frequencies of the modal class and the next
upper class;
D2 is the difference between the frequencies of the modal class and the
next lower class; and i is the class interval.
The modal class is the class with the highest frequency
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Illustrative Example:
Directions: Calculate the mean, median and mode of the mid-year test scores of
students in Mathematics.

Mid-year Test Scores of Students in Mathematics

Score Frequency
41-45 1
36-40 8
31-35 8
26-30 14
21-25 7
16-20 2

Mean
Mid-year Test Scores of Students in Mathematics
Score Frequency ( f ) Classmark ( X ) fx
41-45 1 43 43
36-40 8 38 304
31-35 8 33 264
26-30 14 28 392
21-25 7 23 161
16-20 2 18 36
i= 5 ∑𝑓 = 40 ∑fx = 1200

Mean =
∑𝑓
Therefore, the mean of the mid-year test is 30.
Median
Mid-year Test Scores of Students in Mathematics
Score Frequency ( f ) lb <cf
41-45 1 40.5 40
36-40 8 35.5 39
31-35 8 30.5 31
26- 1 25. 23 median
30 4 5 class
21-25 7 20.5 9
16-20 2 15.5 2
i= 5 ∑𝑓 = 40
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∑𝑓
Median = 𝑙𝑏𝑚𝑐 + 2
-<cf i
𝑓𝑚𝑐

a.

The 20th score is contained in the class 26-30. This means that the median falls
within the class boundaries of 26-30. That is, 25.5-30.5

b. <cf = 9
c. fmc = 14
d. lbmc = 25.5
e. i = 5
Solution:
∑𝑓
Median = + - <cf 𝑙𝑏𝑚𝑐i
2
𝑓𝑚𝑐
40
Median = 25.5 -9
2
+
14 5
20−9
5
= 25.5 14

+
11
) 5
4
55
= 25.5
4
+(
= 25.5 +( ) = 25.5 + 3. 93
= 29. 43
Therefore, the median of the mid-year test scores is 29.43.
(Note: The median 29.43 falls within the class boundaries of 26-30 which is
25.5-30.5)
Mode
Mid-year Test Scores of Students in Mathematics
Score Frequency ( f ) Lb
41-45 1 40.5
36-40 8 35.5
31-35 8 30.5
26- 1 25.5 Modal
30 4 Class
21-25 7 20.5
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16-20 2 15.5
Since class 26-30 has the highest frequency, therefore the modal class is 26-
30. lbmo = 25.5 D1 = 14 – 8 = 6 D2 = 14 – 7 = 7 i =5
𝐷1
Mode = lbmo + [ ]i
𝐷1+ 𝐷2

= 25.5 + [ ]5
= 25.5 + [ 6 ] 5

= 25.5 +
= 25.5 + 2.31
Mode = 27.81
Therefore, the mode of the mid-year test scores is 27.81

What’s More
Activity 3: LET’S SOLVE IT…

1. Given the scores of 20 students in a Biology quiz ,find the Mean, Median, and Mode
of Ungrouped Data.
25 33 35 45 34
26 29 35 38 40
45 38 28 29 25
39 32 37 47 45

2. Given the weight in kg of Grade 7- Apollo students find the Mean, Median, and
Mode of Grouped Data.

Weight of Grade 7- Apollo Students

Weight in Kg Frequency
75-79 1
70-74 4
65-69 10
60-64 14
55-59 21
50-54 15
45-49 14
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40-44 1

What I Have Learned

Great! You have reached this part of the module. To ensure your full
understanding on the concepts related to measures of central tendency, it’s
important that you are able to answer some questions below.

Activity 4: Guess What?

Grade 8 Learner’s Material First Edition, 2013

What I Can Do
Activity 5: JOURNAL WRITING
Write your reflection about where you have heard or encountered averages
(e.g.,business, sports, weather). How did this help you analyze a situation in
the activities discussed?

Assessment
A. Find the mean, median and mode.
1. 83, 84, 85, 86
2. 79, 81, 80, 80
3. 89, 89,73, 81, 78
4. 18, 15, 10, 7, 3
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5. 101, 118, 93, 90, 95, 120

B. Complete the table and find the mean, median and mode.

Scores in 4th Periodic Test in Mathematics

Scores Frequency Classmark ( x ) fx lb < cf
46 - 50 1
41 -45 10
36 - 40 10
31 - 35 16
26 - 30 9
21 - 25 4

Mean = _____
Median = _____
Mode = _____

Additional Activities
Mean – Median – Mode Match Up !
Direction: Make a dice. Write any 6 different numbers on the dice. Toss seven times
and write on a paper the seven possible numbers. Compare its Mean, Median and
Mode.

Do the activity 5 times.

1 number = _____
st

2nd number = _____

3rd number = _____
4th number = _____
5th number = _____
6th number = _____
7th number = _____

Find:
Mean = _____
Median = _____
Mode = _____
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References
• Mathematics – Grade 7 Learner’s Material First Edition, 2013; Department of Education,
Republic of the Philippines; Lesson 40 Averages: Mean, Median , Mode
• Mathematics – Grade 8 Learner’s Material First Edition, 2013; Department of Education,
Republic of the Philippines; Module 10; Lesson 1: Measures of Central Tendency of
Ungrouped Data; Lesson 3: Measures of Central Tendency of Grouped Data