1.

Arrangements of Spans

Total length of the bridge deck = 77 m

Central span=27 m End span= 25 m

(x/y)-4 and (x+y)=25

y=5 m and x = 20 m

The general arrangement of spans is shown in Fig. 14.6.

Spacings of beams = 1.8 m

The width of beam = 450 mm Footpaths 1.8 m on either side

2. Design of deck slab

Thickness of deck slab assumed as 200 mm

Thickness of the wearing coat 80 mm

Width of main girder= 450 mm

Spacing between main girders = 1.8 m

The slab is supported and continuous over Tee beams.

Dead weight of slab = (0.2 x 24)= 4.80 kN/m²

Dead weight of W.C.-(0.08 x 22) = 1.76

Total dead load = 6.56 kN/m2

Since the slab is continuous

Maximum D.L.B.M. (0.8 x 6.56 x 1.8^2)/8=2.12 kN·m

The live load B.M. will be maximum when the I.R.C. Class AA tracked vehicle whe is placed at the
centre of spla as shown in Fig. 14.8. Effective width of slab, perpendicular to span is expressed as no

Be = K x (1-x/L)+bw

In this case

x = 0.9 m

B=27 m (B/L)=15

b=3.6+ (2 x 0.08)=3.76 m

L= 1.8 m

From Table 4.6 for (B/L) = 15

Continuous slab, value of K=2.60

effective depth of slab required = d = [Mu/0.138fck.b]^(1/2) = 104mm

Adopt effective depth=d= 150 mm and overall depth = 200 mm

Using 16 mm diameter bars and effective cover of 50 mm

effective depth provided = 150 mm

[Mu/bd^2]=[ 37.4x10^6 / 1000x150^2 ]=1.66, using M-25 grade concrete and Fe-415 HYSD bars

Read out the percentage of reinforcement required from Table 3 of SP: 16' Design

Aids Pt=0.500= [100 Ast /b.d]

Solving Ast= 0.500x1000x150 / 100 =750 mm2

From shear considerations larger quantity of steel is required.

For short span, Provide 20 mm diameter bars at 150 mm centers (A,, provided = 2094 for long span,
provide 10 mm diameter bars at 150 mm centers.

maximum shear force in the slab occurs when the load position is as shown in Fig. For this position of
load,

x=0.505 m, L-1.8 m, B-27 m, (B/L)=15, bw=3.76 m, K=2.60

From Table 4.6

Be = 2.6x0.505[ 1-[0.505/1.8]+3.76=4.7m

Average intensity of load = [(350x 1.25)/(1.01 x 4.70))=92.16 kN/m²

Maximum live load shear = [(92.16 x 1.01 x 1.295)/1.8] = 67 kN

Dead load shear (6.56 x 1.8)/2=5.9 KN

Total Design service load shear=V= (67+5.9)=72.9 kN

Design ultimate load shear-[(1.35 x 5.9) + (1.5 x 67))= 108.5 kN

The Ultimate Shear Strength of the section is calculated as per specifications 112-2011 in reinforced
concrete members without shear reinforcements,

VRd.c=[0.12K (80p,fck)^0.33 bw d

Where K=2.00

And Pi=[As1/bw.d]≤0.02

[2094/1000x150] = 0.009

VRdc= [0.12 x 2.00 (80 x 0.01396 x 25)(1000x150) N

=(109.8x1000) N

=109.8 kN >108.5 kN (Hence safe)

3. Preliminary Design of Longitudinal Girder Sections

Preliminary design of the critical sections is carried out by using the elastic me determine the depth
of the girders. The self weight of the girder strips are determi and used to calculate the dead load
moments using the influence lines.

(a) Preliminary Design

Assuming an approximate section for portion A, B, C as shown in Fig. 14.9.

(i) Loads on AB

Weight of slab (0.2 x 1.8 × 24) = 8.64 kN

Weight of W.C. (0.08 x 1.8 × 22)=3.17 KN

Self-weight of girder (1.5 x 0.45 × 24)= 16.20 kN

Weight of fillets (150 x 150 size):(2 × 0.5 × 0.15 × 0.15 x24)=0.54 kN

Total load/m = 28.55 kNa

Dead load shear at A = (28.55 × 20)/2 = 285.0

Live load shear at A (Approximate value) = 350.0 kN

Total shear = 635.5kN

Effective depth d=(V/b.tv)=(635.5 x 10')/(450x1)=1412 mm

Adopt an overall depth of 1500 mm at A

(ii)Cantilever B.C.

Referring to Fig. 14.10(a)

Reaction at B due to dead weight of girder AB=285.5 kN

BM. at C due to reaction at B = (285.5 × 5)= 1427.5 kN-m

BM due to self weight of cantilever at C

=(1.5 x 0.45 x 5 x 5/2)+(1/2 x 1.2 x 5 x 0.45 x 5/3)24

= 256.3 kN·m

BM. due to weight of slab, W.C. and fillets over cantilever B.C.

=0.5 (8.64+3.17+0.54) 5^2=154.4 kN.m

Total dead load B.M. at C=2123.7 kN·m

Referring to Fig. 14.10(b)

Live load B.M. at C is given by

0.5 (4.3+5) (3+0.6) (350/3.6) 1627.5 kN

Toal design B.M. at C=3751.2 kN.m

Using M-25 Grade Concrete and Fe-415 HYSD bars, M= 1.10 bd²

d=√(3751.2x10^6)/(1.10x450) = 2752 mm

(iii) Section for Mid Span at G

The preliminary section assumed at centre of span G is shown in Fig. 14.11.

Loads on Span CGD

Dead load due to deck, W.C., and fillets

=(8.64+3.17+ 0.54)= 12.35 kN/m

Self-weight of girder

= 0.5 (2.7+2.1) (0.45 x 24)= 25.92

Total load = 38.27 kN/m

+ ve moment due to D.L. = (1/2 x 27 x 6.75 x 38.27)= 3487 kN·m

- ve moment due to D.L. = (1/2 x 5 x 2.5 x 2 x 38.27)

=-478kN.m

- ve moment due to cantilever loads = (285.5x2.5x2)=1427kN.m

Net +ve B.M. due to dead load at G= 1582 kN·m

Maximum +ve B.M. due to live load at G

=2x 1/2 (5.8+6.75) 1.8 (350/3.6) = 2196 kN.m

total design B.M. at G= 3778 kN·m

A rectangular beam action at centre

d = [(3778x106)/(1.10x450)]^(1/2) = 2762 mm

Aximate depth d span Sve Tee beam action will be prevalent, an over all depth of 2100 mm will be
sufficient. f) The sections chosen at different parts such as cantilevers, mid and

Referring to Fig. 14.12.

Equation of curve AC' (origin at C') is

y = (4r/L²) × (L-x)

=(4) (1.2) × (50-x)/502 X

= 0.00192 × (50-x)