DID YOU EVER WONDER

WHY ARE THERE SO

MANY SCIENTISTS IN
THE WORLD EVEN
THOUGH THEY STUDY
DIFFERENT THINGS?
 NAME THE FOCUS OF
STUDY OF EACH SCIENTIST
 ASTRONOMER

HEAVENLY BODIES
BOTANISTS

PLANTS
AGRICULTURISTS

CROPS
CHEMISTS

MATTER
GEOLOGISTS

EARTH
 OCEANOLOGISTS

OCEAN AND OCEANIC

PHENOMENA
ORNITHOLOGISTS

BIRDS
METEOROLOGISTS

WEATHER
PHENOMENA
 PSYCHOLOGISTS

BEHAVIOR, MIND,
FEELINGS, AND THOUGHT
 ETHOLOGISTS

ANIMAL BEHAVIOR IN
NATURAL CONDITION
What do these different
scientists practice in
common in theirs
study of their subjects?
SCIENTIFIC
METHOD
 WHY SCIENTIFIC
METHOD?
The goal of science is to investigate and
understand the natural world, to explain events in
the natural world, and to use those explanations to
make useful predictions.

Science as a process is an organized way of using

evidence to learn about the natural world.
 SCIENTIFIC METHOD

Do Observation/Research
Ask a Problem/Question
Formulate a Hypothesis
Experiment
Collect and Analyze Results
Make Conclusion and Recommendation
Communicate the Outcome
Observation/Research

Make observations and research your

topic of interest.

Observing is employing your five

senses to perceive objects or events.

The informations gathered from

making observations are data.
Problem/Question

Based on observations, one or more

questions are generated.

Develop a question or problem that

can be solved through
experimentation.
Formulate a Hypothesis

Predict a possible answer to the

problem or question.

“Educated Guess”

Hypothesis - possible explanation of

the phenomena
Hypothesis

It is simply a prediction and has not

yet been proven or disproven.

It must be stated in a way that is

testable.

A statement is considered “testable” if

evidence can be collected that either
does or does not support it
Experiment

Testing a hypothesis by gathering data

under controlled conditions.

In a “controlled experiment” only one

variable is changed at a time. All other
variables should be unchanged or
“controlled”.
 Experiment
It is done through a comparison of a control
group with an experimental group.

a) These two groups are identical except for one

factor.

b) The control group serves as the comparison.

It is the same as the experiment group, except that
the one variable that is being tested is removed.

c) The experimental group shows the effect of the

variable that is being tested.
Variables in an experiment:

a) The independent variable is the variable

that is deliberately changed by the scientist

b) The dependent variable is the one

observed during the experiment. The
dependent variable is the data we collect
during the experiment. This data is
collected as a result of changing the
independent variable.
Variables in an experiment:

c) The controlled variable is the

variable that is kept constant/ the
same fo both the experimental and
control groups
Designing an experiment:

Describe the control group.

Describe the experimental group.
What variables are kept constant?
What variable is being changed?
What variable to be observed?
 Collect and Analyze Results
Collecting results involve placing
observations and measurement (data) in
order using Graphs, charts, tables, or maps

Analyzing the result is a process of

determining whether data are reliable or
whether they support or do not support a
hypothesis
Make Conclusion and
Recommendation

Conclusions are made on the basis of

results, NOT observations. It is drawn from
data gathered from a study.

Conclusion includes a statement that

accepts or rejects the hypothesis.

Make recommendations for further study

and possible improvements to the procedure.
Communicate the Outcome

Be prepared to present the outcome to

an audience.

Expect questions from the audience.

End of Presentation