RESEARCH 2

Quarter 1 MODULE 5 (Week 5 &6) : GUIDED EXPERIMENTS

After this module, you are expected to learn the following:
1. Define guided experiment;
2. Determine the important factors to consider in a guided experiment; and
3. Identify the independent and dependent variable in an experiment.

What I Know?
For items 1-5, study the case below then answer the questions that follow.
Beri Beri's Bizarre Case
In 1887 the people in Dutch East Indies were afflicted by a mysterious nerve disease. Beriberi was the illness. The disease's
symptoms included fatigue and lack of appetite, and patients also died from heart failure. Scientists thought bacteria might be
responsible for the disease. They injected bacteria into the chickens from the blood of beriberi patients. The chickens that were
injected got ill. However, the same was true of a group of chickens not injected with bacteria.
Dr. Eijkman, one of the scientists, has developed a new experiment based on his own findings. Before the experiment all the
chickens had eaten whole grain rice, but the chickens had been fed polished rice during the experiment. Dr. Eijkman studied this
fascinating case and noticed the lack of thiamine, a vitamin required for good health, in polished rice.

1. What was Dr. Eijkman’s observation during the first experiment?

a. The chickens were of different sizes
b. All chickens ate whole grain rice but during the experiment ate polished rice.
c. The chicken ate three types of rice d. The chickens are all malnourished
2. What are the variables used in the experiment?
a. Type of chicken b. Number of trials c. Type of rice d. Sickness
3. What is the independent variable?
a. Type of chicken b. Number of trials c. Type of rice d. Sickness
4. In this case, what is the dependent variable?
a. Sick/ not sick chicken. b. Type of rice used c. Experimenter’s mood d. Chicken variety
5. What was the control group?
a. Fed with whole grain rice c. Chicken with sickness
b. Fed with polished rice d. Chicken without sickness
6. It requires students to learn how a variable works in an experimental set up.
a. Variable b. Control group c. Guided experiment d. Experiment
7. Any aspect of the experiment which can change.
a. Variable b. Control group c. Guided experiment d. Experiment
8. The part of the experiment that is the result of change made.
a. Dependent variable b. Guided experiment c. Independent variable d. Variable
9. Portion of the experiment not being tested and used for comparative purposes.
a. Variable b. Control group c. Guided experiment d. Experiment
10. The part of the experiment that the scientist or person conducting the experiment modifies or changes.
a. Dependent variable b. Guided experiment c. Independent variable d. Variable
11. This is a description of the relevant experimental findings. It not only ends the study but also recommends questions that remain
unanswered during the investigation period.
a. Data collection b. Observation c. Conclusion d. Hypothesis
12. It can be verified, or it can be proven false.
a. Data collection b. Observation c. Conclusion d. Hypothesis
13. A method of gathering information through observation
a. data collection b. observation c. problem d. hypothesis
14. It is about the researcher having to answer and find a solution
a. Data collection b. Observation c.Problem d. Hypothesis
15. A study was done with an electromagnetic system made from a battery and wire coiled around a nail. Different sizes of nails
were used. The number of paper clips the electromagnet could pick up was also determined. What is the independent variable?
a. Sizes of nail b. Number of nails picked c. Type of nails d. Wires used

GUIDED EXPERIMENTS

Classroom experiments are exercises in which any number of students work on carefully formulated guided inquiry questions
within groups. Materials provide the means for students to collect data through contact with traditional laboratory materials, data
simulation devices or a decision-making environment, as well as a set of questions. Experiments can either be used to introduce new
ideas or to clarify puzzling aspects of the topics students typically struggle with. If the outcome of an experiment is surprising yet
convincing, students will be able to build ownership of the new idea and use it for scaffolding learning.

1
 Apart from ensuring that the experiment’s conceptual focus has been correctly interpreted, evaluations will force students to
explain a follow up experiment or expand the idea to another application. Notice that some tests in the classroom, such as those
requiring the study of chemical behavior, require safety measures and may need to take place in a laboratory.

Designing experiments is one of the core research learning activities, located in the middle of the investigation cycle as the
linchpin between the more theoretical phases of hypothesis generation and conclusions. Learners must design experiments by which
they can obtain results relevant to drawing conclusions on their hypothesis or research question. Therefore, experiment design builds a
bridge between the hypothesis or test problem and data analysis and the drawing of conclusions. Experiment typically serves the goal
of answering a research question or testing a hypothesis.

The learners will design several trials in their experiment design in which they include variables that are important and
appropriate to address the study question or test the hypothesis. They often, however, select variables that have nothing to do with the
issue or hypothesis and/or neglect important variables that), especially when they have little or no domain knowledge. Learners should
also specify the roles of the selected variables by choosing what they want to measure (dependent variable), vary (independent
variable) and control for (control variable), and they should determine the values of the independent and control variables for the
experimental tests they are going to perform. The choice of relevant variables is informed by the initial understanding of the domain
by the learners.

WHAT’S IN?
Your previous lesson gave you details on the scientific process that researchers (just like you) use to solve problems. Now, try to
identify which method/ steps are defined in each of the statements below. You can pick from the selection in the box. Write your
answer in your Research notebook.

A. Recognize a problem
B. Form a hypothesis
C. Test your hypothesis using an experiment
D. Draw Conclusions

1. Stephen claimed seeds would begin to grow faster if an electric current passed tough the soil in which they were grown.
1. 2. Susan said, "If I fertilize my plants with geranium they will flourish."
3. Jonathan’s data showed household cockroaches move away from slices of raw cucumber.
2. 4. Renee has grown bacteria from the mouth on special dishes in the laboratory. She placed drops of various mouthwashes
3. on the bacteria on each plate.
4. 5. Mimi used a survey to determine how many of her left-handed classmates were, and how many were right-handed.

WHAT IS IT?
Guided experiments require students to learn how a variable works in an experimental set up which is proven to
be effective if learners are guided correctly. It can make learners discover actively because it is expected to have better
learning results. It aims to answer a research problem or hypothesis. In guided experiments, learners should create
several trials in which they include variables that are appropriate and necessary to answer the research problem or test
the hypothesis. The selection of the appropriate variable is influenced by the learner’s initial knowledge of the
experiment or lesson in general.
All experiments involve collecting observations or observing acts that attempt to answer a question or solve a
problem. Experiments at the school, do so as part of a lesson, to help students understand more about the subject they
are learning. The hypothesis to be tested in this case will generally be derived from material contained in textbooks or
other course materials. To facilitate comparison, research experiments generally involve both control and treatment
groups. An observational experiment may also be useful in the classroom, where students "see what happens."
Guided experiments can be amusing. More significantly, guided experiments are nicely associated with findings
from research on how students learn. The main questions that the students answer along the way are the core of a
guided-discovery problemproper scaffolding is crucial. Such questions cause the "Eureka!" moments when properly
posed, making guided-discovery problems so fascinating and enjoyable to the learners.
The process involved in scientific method (introduced in Module 6) will play a vital role in finishing the tasks
present in this module. Scientific method is a set of techniques that can be used to investigate phenomena, acquire new
knowledge, or correct and integrate prior knowledge.
It is focused on the gathering of observable, empirical, and measurable facts according to basic reasoning
principles, data collection by observation and analysis, and hypothesis formulation and testing.

It is very important that you try to remember terminologies from previous lessons before doing so. On that matter, the idea of
variables, in particular, the independent and dependent variables as a control group, should come in handy on this lesson.
Terminologies involved during the process of doing an experiment were also included in case you forgot some of it.
2
 Problem- It is about the researcher having to answer and find a solution. It is the basis of all effective acts
of study and directs the researcher to come up with an appropriate hypothesis.

Hypothesis-This is the preliminary answer to a question of the study. A valid theory, facts, or analysis
should be focused on it. A strong hypothesis can be verified, or it can be proven false.
Observation- a method of gathering information through observation
Data Collection- The method of gathering relative information concerning a particular study
Conclusion- This is a description of the relevant experimental findings. It not only ends the study but also recommends questions that
remain unanswered during the investigation period
Control group - Portion of the experiment not being tested and used for comparative purposes.
Variable/Factor- Any aspect of the experiment which can change.
Independent variable — the part of the experiment that the scientist or person conducting the experiment modifies.
Dependent variable-The part of the experiment that the independent variable affects

ACTIVITY 1:

Activity 1: PATTY POWER 9

Sir Ben Crab wants Aqualand to become a better place to stay. He created a
new sauce that he thinks will reduce the body gas production
associated with eating Crusty Old Carbs crab patties. He recruits 100
clients with a history of problems with gas. He has 50 of them (Group
A), with the new sauce, eating crab patties. The remaining 50 (Group
B) eat crab patties with sauce that looks just like new sauce but is
actually just a combination of mayonnaise and coloring powder. Both
groups were told they got the sauce that would cut down on gas
production. Both groups were told they got the sauce that would cut down on gas production. Two hours
after eating the crabby patties, 30 group A customers reported less gas problems and 8 group B
customers reported less gas problems
QUESTIONS:
1.What is Sir Ben Crab’s problem?
2.What do you think is the appropriate hypothesis for this problem?
3.How did he collect the data?
4. Which people are in the control group?
5.Determine the independent variable.
6. Give the dependent variable.
7. What conclusion should Sir Benny Crab draw?
8. Why do 8 people report feeling better in group B?

You learned how to do experiment. The concept behind experiments is to isolate different variables in order to establish if
they have some effect on a given phenomenon. Without this procedure, we might connect this phenomenon with something we find
coincidentally.
Activity 2: Miller the Turtle’s Favorite Pants
1. What do you think Miller would like to know about the problem?
a. Effectivity of the detergent b. Importance of time in washing the pants
c. Effects of temperature while washing his pants d. Frequency of washing the pants to get clean
2. What should be Miller’s conclusion then?
a. Clean-EST is the best detergent b. His pants were cleaner using plain water
b. The cold water best cleaned his pants d. Clean-EST is not effective at all
3. What is the control group?
a. His dirty pants b. His laundry detergent c. His way of cleaning the pants d. Frequency of washing
4. What is the independent variable in this experiment?
a. Type of detergent used c. Type of water used
b. Type of material where the pants were washed d. Type of pants
5. If you will be given the opportunity to predict the hypothesis, what would it be?
a. Pants will be cleaner with water and detergent c. Pants will be cleaner with plain water
b. Pants will be cleaner without washing d. Pants will be clean with a certain brand of detergent only

Activity 3: What I Have Learned

3
 Apply what you have learned through the series of activities you performed.

Sir Benny Crab Breath Mints

Sir Benny Crab created a secret breath mint ingredient he believes will "heal" the bad breath people get
from eating crab patties at the Crusty Old Carbs. He has asked 100 customers with a bad breath history to try out his
new breath mint. He had fifty (Group A) customers eating a breath mint after finishing eating a crab patty. The other
fifty (Group B) were also given a breath mint after the sandwich was finished; however, it was only a normal breath
mint and did not have the hidden ingredient. All groups were told they had the breath mint which would cure their
bad breath. Two hours after consuming the crab patties, thirty Group A customers and ten Group B customers
nfirmed having a stronger breath than they would usually have after consuming crab patties.

1. Based on the experiment, what are the variables used in the experiment? Enumerate all of them.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
2. What is Sir Benny Crab’s problem? ___________________________________________________________
3. What will be his hypothesis for this experiment?__________________________________________________
4.How will he collect the data to support his hypothesis?______________________________________________
5. What is the independent variable?_________________________________________________________
6.What is the dependent variable? _____________________________________________________________
7.What could be Sir Benny Crab’s conclusion/s?______________________________________________________

Assessment

For items 1-5, study the case below answer the questions that follow

In 1928, Sir Alexander Fleming studied bacteria of the Staphylococcus developing in cultivated dishes. He found that some
of the dishes also had a mold named Penicillium developing. There was a clear region around the mold, because all of the bacteria that
had formed in this region had died. There were no clear areas present in the cultivation dishes without the mold.
Fleming hypothesized the mold had to produce a chemical which killed the bacteria. He decided to isolate and test that
substance to see if it would kill bacteria. Fleming transferred the mold to a solution for the nutrient broth. This solution contained all
of the materials required to grow the mold. He extracted it from the nutrient broth after the mold formed and then applied the broth to
a bacteria culture. He found that the cultured bacteria had died. Later, Fleming's experiments were used for antibiotic production.
1. What was Fleming's hypothesis?
a. He hypothesized that the mold must be producing a chemical that killed the bacteria.
b. He studied bacteria in cultivated dishes
c. He hypothesized that the molds were from a disease carrying bacteria.
d. All of the above.
2. How was the hypothesis tested?
a. He took the dishes in the lab to test them.
b. He decided to isolate this substance and test it to see if it would kill bacteria.
c. He extracted it from the nutrient broth d. He found that the cultured bacteria had died
3. What is the independent variable?
a. Types of bacteria used b. Effects of the medicine c. The presence and non-presence of penicillin d. Presence of molds
4. What was the dependent variable?
a. Survival of the bacteria b. Cultures of bacteria c. Reaction of the molds to the bacteria d. The time it took to kill the bacteria
5. What do you think is the problem in this experiment?
a. Fleming believed that a chemical produced by the penicillin was causing the bacteria surrounding it to die.
b. He found that some of the dishes also had a mold named Penicillium developing.
c. He decided to isolate and test that substance to see if it would kill bacteria.
d. There were no clear areas present in the cultivation dishes without the mold.
For items 6-8, read the following:
Fresh Farms, Inc. studied the effect of weight and food consumption on the milk production of 45 Brown Swiss cows when
given 10 different food varieties. The following data were gathered; initial weight, final weight and food intake.
6. What is the independent variable in this study?
a.Type of food to eat b.Time of eating c. Increased milking capacity d. Type of cows
7. What is the control group? a.Type of food to eat b.Time of eating c.Increased milking capacity d. Type of cows
8.What is the dependent variable?a.Type of food to eat b.Time of eating c.Increased milking capacity d.Type of cows
9. It requires students learn how a variable works in an experimental set up
a.Variable b.Guided experiment c.Control group d.Experiment
10.The part of the experiment that the scientist or person conducting the experiment modifies or changes.
a.Dependent variable b.Independent variable c.Guided experiment d.Variable
11. It not only ends the study but also recommends questions that remain unanswered during the investigation period
a. Data collection b.Conclusion c.Observation d.Hypothesis
12.This is a description of the relevant experimental findings. a.Data collection b. Conclusion c. Observation d.Hypothesis

4
13. A method of gathering information through observation a. Data collection b.Conclusion c.Observation d.Hypothesis
14. It is the basis of all effective acts of study and directs the researcher to come up with an appropriate hypothesis.
a. Problem b. Conclusion c. Observation d. Hypothesis
15. It can be verified, or it can be proven false.
a.Problem b. Conclusion c. Observation d. Hypothesis