INTENDED AND PERCEIVED MEANING OF COMMONLY USED

EMOJI IN THE GROUP CHAT OF STUDENTS

A Thesis

Presented to

The Faculty of the Language and Literature Department

College of Arts and Sciences

ISABELA STATE UNIVERSITY

Echague, Isabela

In Partial Fulfillment

of the Requirements for the Degree

BACHELOR OF ARTS IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE STUDIES

By
CRIZEL G. BALLAO

2023
 APPROVAL SHEET

The thesis attached hereto titled, “INTENDED AND PERCEIVED MEANING

OF COMMONLY USED EMOJI IN THE GROUP CHAT OF STUDENTS”,

prepared and submitted by CRIZEL G. BALLAO in partial fulfillment of the

requirements for the degree, BACHELOR OF ARTS IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE

STUDIES is hereby endorsed.

ADVISORY COMMITTEE

ALEX L. SORIANO, MS Dev. Comm.

Adviser
Date:

JUANITO P. TANDOC, JR., PhD JEFFERSON A. PEDIDA, MA

Panel Member Panel Member
Date: Date:

Accepted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree BACHELOR

OF ARTS IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE STUDIES.

Approved:

MA. THERESA L. EUSTAQUIO, PhD Date:

Program Chair, Department of Languages
and Literature

HELENA B. FLORENDO, PhD Date:

Dean, College of Arts and Sciences

Recorded:

AMBROCIA A. GAFFUD, PhD Date:

University Registrar
ii
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

TITLE PAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i

APPROVAL SHEET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii

ACKNOWLEDGMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii

DEDICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv

TABLE OF CONTENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v

LIST OF TABLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi

LIST OF FIGURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii

LIST OF APPENDICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viii

ABSTRACT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix

CHAPTER

I. THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Statement of the Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Objectives of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Significance of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Scope and Delimitation of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Definition of terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Related Literature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

v
 Theoretical Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Conceptual Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

III. METHODOLOGY

Research Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Locale of the study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18

Respondents of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Research Instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Date Gathering Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

IV. PRESENTATION, INTERPRETATION, AND ANALYSIS OF DATA

Result and Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

V. SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

REFERENCES

vi
LIST OF TABLES

Tables

1 Commonly Used Emoji . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

vii
LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE

1 Conceptual Framework of the study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

viii
LIST OF APPENDICES

A. Questionnaire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

B. Documented Pictures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

C. Sample Transcribe Recorded Interview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

D. Certificate of English Critic/Grammarly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

E. Plagiarism scan result

F. Curriculum Vitae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

ix
 ABSTRACT

The most widely used emoji was the red heart emoji, which was used by thirteen

people. Two said they wanted to communicate their opinions, two said they wanted to

approve of what they sent, and one said they wanted to express their gratitude to the

receiver. While the receiver's comprehension is "kinikilig," which indicates they are elated,

they are also pleased with the statement they heard, which means the meaning of their

speech is reflected by what they said. Furthermore, the thumbs-up emoji is one of the most

regularly used emoji, with six participants using it. Ten of the twenty participants said they

used emojis to communicate their emotions and sentiments, four said they used them to

readily know their ideas, three said they used them to better understand each other, and the

other three said they used them to avoid misunderstandings. Originally, emojis were

intended to be symbolic representations of emotions. Furthermore, Emojis might be

effective in language acquisition for students and teachers that utilize group chats to

communicate, especially during pandemics. Because students do not attend face-to-face

lessons and instead interact online, emoji can help them understand each other and express

themselves more easily. Emojis are extremely useful for language learners. Although

emoticons are not a complete replacement for languages, there is no doubting that they can

be valuable when learning in a variety of ways. Even when chatting with someone who

speaks your native language, most of us encounter situations in which an emoji speaks

louder than words.

Keywords: Perception, Implicature, Intention, Comprehension

ix
 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

With the advancement of technology, communication has become more pervasive

in everyday life. It provides several benefits, including improved communication, which

allows them to understand each other better, improve the quality of their relationships, and

strengthen emotional communication. That includes the Emoji.

Emoji is a Japanese word that means "picture letter," It refers to a small digital

picture or pictorial sign used in text messaging and other electronic communications to

represent an item, a sentiment, or a concept, among other things. They are utilized similarly

to emoticons and come in a variety of genres, such as facial emotions, gestures, everyday

objects, locales and weather, and animals.

Emojis play an important role in Internet communication. Like digital messages, it

includes Emails, SMS (texting), Mobile App notifications, social media posts, and

educational apps like Google Meet, Zoom, Discord, Edmodo, Google Classroom, Moodle,

and Group Chats. These educational apps are the ones that save students, from the time of

the pandemic until now. In expressing their thoughts, they use different emojis to represent

their moods. They sent, and received different kinds of emotions every day, especially in

group chats though, isn't typically considered a foreign language, but we thought it was

necessary to include it for Emojis are extremely useful for language students. Britannica

describes language as "a system of conventional spoken, manual (signed), or written

symbols through which human beings express themselves as members of a social group

and participants in its culture. Another point of view, espoused by notable internet linguist

Gretchen McCulloch, is that language is an ever-evolving construct that functions when a

 2

message sender properly delivers information to the receiver. According to the definitions

provided by Britannica and McCulloch, emojis are a new language. They aid in the

communication of ideas and allow humans to express themselves. However, both

definitions highlight the major issues with emojis: these graphics do not adhere to a

standard system and do not always allow messages to be adequately delivered. Emojis don't

replace language; they provide nonverbal indicators that assist us in nuance and

complement what we mean with our words in our digital textspeak. Evans, V. (2017)

This study focused on the commonly used emojis in group chats, particularly the

Intended and Perceived meanings of these emojis, and to know the relevance of Emoji in

Language learning to English language students such as AB English in the Isabela State

University in Echague, Main Campus. This means to know what are the intentions of using

the emoji we sent and to know what is taken off the receiver or what we call

comprehension.

Statement of the Problem

This study described the Linguistic and behavioral implicature of commonly used

emojis in the group chats of students. It specifically aimed to answer the following

questions:

1. What are the commonly used emojis?

2. What is the intended meaning of emoji?

3. What is the perceived meaning of emojis?

4. What is the relevance of emojis in language learning?

 3

Objectives of the Study

This study had the following objectives:

1. To determine the commonly used emojis.

2. To look at the intended meaning of emoji.

3. To investigate the perceived meaning of emoji.

4. To know the relevance of emojis in language learning.

Significance of the Study

This study can benefit the students, teachers, and future researchers as follows:

Students. It provides several benefits, including improved communication, which allows

them to understand each other better, improve the quality of their relationships, and

strengthen emotional communication;

Teachers. For teachers, this research will inform them how students use emojis thus, they

can improve communication, which allows them to connect, strengthen positive

interpersonal relationships and deepen emotional communication with their students;

Future researchers. This study will serve as a reference for future researchers on the

promotion of online communication.

 4

Scope and Delimitation

This research aimed to look into the intended and perceived meaning of regularly

used Android-based emojis in academic Group Chats of fourth-year AB ELS students at

Isabela State University. Isabela State University's English language students are AB

English students.

Definition of Terms

Emoji. A small electronic image or icon is used to express thoughts and feelings. Emojis

are used to represent a wide variety of items and ideas, including human emotions, animals,

geography, meals, and flags. The term emoji is derived from two Japanese words: e, which

means "picture," and Moji, which means "written character." Senft, T. (2023)

Perceived Meaning. to form an opinion about something or to believe in something to

become aware of, recognize, or distinguish with one's senses: recognized a looming

object through the mist. to detect, discern, imagine, or comprehend: detect a sarcastic

tone in your voice. Dictionary.com, (n.d)

Intended Meaning. to have as a plan or goal. Something deliberate is done on purpose.

The intended outcome of a meeting is the outcome that everyone is hoping for and

planning for. Vocabulary.com. (n.d.).

 5

Pragmatics. Dealing with things logically and realistically, based on practical rather than

theoretical considerations. Pragmatic meaning, that is, between what a speaker’s utterance

(or its utterance “type”) means in the abstract, and what else a speaker can mean by uttering

it in a particular context. Grice, P. (2022).

Implicature. The aspect of meaning that a speaker conveys, implies, or suggests without

actually stating. It is an activity that suggests a meaning other than the literal meaning of

the utterance. Grice differentiated two sorts of implicatures: conversational and

conventional. Conversational implicature is classified into two types: particularized and

generic. Grice, P. (2022).

 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

According to Ivy Wigmore, (n.d.). in digital communications, an emoji is a small

image, either static or animated, that represents a facial expression, an entity, or a concept.

The term emoji is derived from the Japanese words for picture and character (moji) (moji).

Shigetaka Kurita invented emoji after seeing weather forecasts that used symbols, Japanese

characters, street signs, and manga, a style of Japanese comics that, like Western cartoons,

uses a standard set of symbols to express emotions and concepts. Each of the Japanese

telecommunications companies, NTT DoCoMo, au, and Vodafone (now SoftBank

Mobile), developed their proprietary emoji collections.

Pragmatics is the investigation of the practical aspects of human behavior and the

study of linguistic signs, words, and sentences in real-life situations. It considers how

meaning is constructed and focuses on implied meanings in addition to the literal meaning

of an utterance. It considers language as an interactional tool, what people mean when they

use language, and how we communicate and understand one another. meaning negotiation

between speaker and listener. According to Jenny Thomas, (1995). Pragmatics considers

the context of the statement and the meaning potential of a statement. Pragmatics is the

foundation of all language interactions and contact. It is an important aspect of

understanding language and the responses that follow. As a result, without Pragmatics,

there would be very little understanding of intention and meaning. Word Press, (2023).
 7

Emoji

With the rapid advancement of the Internet and computer technology, WhatsApp

messaging has emerged as one of the most popular ways for people to communicate.

Linguistic structures with emoticons/emoji improve the quality of communication in the

environment, resulting in the development of a digital language. One of the primary goals

of using such a digital language is to persuade the receiver and provide feedback to the

message's sender. On the one hand, persuasive communication is nearly essential for

WhatsApp users. Persuasion, on the other hand, is a real and intentional cognitive process

based on preferring certain linguistic styles, making decisions, and providing motivational

feedback. In this regard, the purpose of this work is to clarify and investigate persuasive

messages using emoticons/emojis based on digital language styles and non-standard

writing. (Arafah & Muhammad, 2020).

The study focuses on the following aspects of persuasive digital language used in

WhatsApp messages: 1) languages used by participants in social media platforms, 2)

purposes of participants in using social media platforms, 3) persuasive language choices

by participants in social media platforms, 4) words that participants initiate to start

persuasive conversations in WhatsApp messages, and 5) types of sentences the participants

use. Wh-adverbs (WRB) and Wh-pronouns (WP) have been observed to be frequently used

in the initiation of persuasive language patterns. Female participants use emoticons, photos,

abbreviations, question/question marks, friends' names, and event pictures more frequently

than male participants. The majority of participants preferred to use interrogatives when
 8

creating persuasive language patterns in WhatsApp messages (Arafah & Muhammad,

2020).

With the booming Internet and the dramatically rapid emergence of electronic

communication channels, emojis have become indispensable and efficient tools in online

interaction. The purpose of this study is to investigate the pragmatic functions of emoji in

internet-based communication using the revised 8-function taxonomy of Linguagem em

(Dis) curso (special issue on relevance theory) 14:511--529, 2014. Ten volunteers (20–40

years old) were asked to collect a 3000-word latest corpus from their most active Wechat

group. In a corpus of 34,047 words, 46 different types of emoji were classified into seven

functions: attitude/emotion signal, attitude/emotion intensity enhancer, illocutionary force

modifier, humor, irony, turn-taking/giving, and backchannel device. We discovered that

emojis were used 1908 times in a corpus of 34,047 words, primarily as an emotion signifier

(attitude/emotion signal and attitude/emotion intensity enhancer, 50.8 percent) Li & Yang,

(2018).

Undergraduate students who are digital natives enjoy frequently using emojis

(smileys and ideograms) to express themselves emotionally on digital communication

platforms such as WhatsApp Messenger. Nonetheless, they occasionally got into

disagreements due to different emoji interpretations between the sender and the recipient.

Emoji research is still in its early stages, and this research looks at the various

interpretations of WhatsApp emojis, specifically smileys. Malaysian students enrolled in a

public university. This study attempted to look into 210 interpretations of 75 smileys (face-

like) meanings in WhatsApp Messenger by undergraduates. To gather information,

 9

respondents were asked to complete a self-administered survey questionnaire with

Information on how they interpret the smileys used on WhatsApp. A descriptive analysis

was performed conducted on the students' interpretations, and the results revealed that,

while the students. Although they correctly interpreted a few smileys, they were unaware

of the intended meaning of the majority of the smileys correctly. According to the findings

of this study, students should understand the meaning of the smiley/emoji used in their

digital conversation to understand their intended use and avoid it. They made a mistake in

their digital communication. The findings will be beneficial to WhatsApp users. Emphasize

the importance of understanding the emoji's intended meaning for more tolerant and wise

use in the future. Annamalai & Abdul Salam, (2017). Many emojis represent nonverbal

cues used in face-to-face communication. Despite their popularity, few studies have been

conducted to investigate how emojis influence digital interactions. The current study fills

this void by assessing the impact of emojis on emotion interpretation, social attributions,

and information processing. Participants read messages in instant text messaging (IM) that

are typical of social exchanges, accompanied by emojis that mimic negative, positive, and

neutral facial expressions. In a fully crossed design, sentence valence and emoji valence

were paired so that verbal and nonverbal messages were either congruent or incongruent.

The sender's perceived emotional state, perceived warmth, and eye movement patterns that

reflect information processing were all measured. The sender's mood was perceived as

negative when a negative emoji and/or a negative sentence were presented, resulting in a

negative effect. Furthermore, the inclusion of a negative emoji increased the perceived

negativity of negative sentences. Including a positive emoji in a message increased the

 10

sender's perceived warmth. Finally, the presence of congruent emojis improved the

processing speed and comprehension of verbal messages. Our findings Nodelman, U.,

Allen, C., & Perry, J. (1995) support the use of emojis, particularly positive emojis, to

improve communication, express feelings, and make a good impression during socially

driven digital interactions. Annamalai & Abdul Salam, (2017).

Intended Meaning of Emoji

Emojis are widely used in mobile messaging, although their meaning is open to

interpretation. We analyze the reasons for their use of mobile texting in the United States.

This study questioned 228 participants when they last used one or more emojis in a

conversational message and collected that message, as well as a description of the emojis'

intended meaning and function. We talk about the functional differences between adding

additional emotional or situational significance, altering tone, making a message more

interesting to the recipient, conversation management, and relationship maintenance. We

talk about lexical location inside communications and social behaviors. We demonstrate

that emojis' social and linguistic purposes are rich and varied and that supporting emojis

can help with essential conversational activities. Cramer, H. (2016)

Some questions about how specific emojis can be used to transmit messages remain

unsolved. The desired message accurately, such as the effect of intentions, perceptions, and

feelings. The good news positive oral communications are amplified by emotions, such as

yelling or speaking slowly, but emojis may transmit positive messages that contradict the

intended message outcome. As a result, this study analyzes whether emoji improve the
 11

relationship between the intended interpretation of direct mood-specific emojis and indirect

mood-specific emojis. In several experimental sessions, 30 participants were divided into

control and alerted groups for a focus group approach with emoji from two mobile

messaging programs. The examination of the findings suggests that the majority of emojis

are appropriate for expressing emotional feelings, but they do not create a time frame. The

extent to which emotions are associated with a symbol. Furthermore, communication

interpretation. The interaction was substantial with many emoji in each experimental

group; however, emoji fail to express a large influence on both neutral and negative

messages. As a result, this study contributed to a comprehension of the influence of

numerous emoji readings on purposefully generated emotion. Ibrahim, A. (2021)

Perceived Meaning of Emoji

Emoji is frequently employed in electronic word of mouth (eWOM) and online

consumer evaluations across multiple social media platforms and online stores, however

the boundary condition of its effect on perceived helpfulness, as well as its underlying

mechanisms, have not been investigated in the existing research. Through two experiments,

this study analyzes the effect of emoji meaning multipleness on review helpfulness.

Multiple-meaning emojis result in less helpful perception, but user familiarity with

emoticons mitigates this impact. Furthermore, processing fluency mediates the association

between emoji meaning multipleness and perceived review helpfulness. The current study's

findings provide vital insights into the underlying mechanisms and boundary requirements

of effective emoji use in eWOM or online reviews. Wu, R. (2022)

 12

Conversational Implicature (Grice’s Theory)

Linguists say we implicate the meaning when we convey a message in this way,

and the meaning implicated is referred to as an implicature. The terms were coined by

British philosopher Paul Grice (1913-88), who proposed an influential account of

implicature in his classic paper Logic and Conversation (1975), which was reprinted in his

book Studies in the Way of Words (1989). Grice distinguished various types of implicature,

the most important of which was conversational implicature. Grice believed that a

conversational implicature is determined not by the meaning of the words used (their

semantics), but by how the words are used and interpreted (their pragmatics).

Conversational implicatures are pragmatic inferences: unlike entailments and

presuppositions, they are not based on evidence they are unrelated to the specific words

and phrases in an utterance, but rather result from contextual factors and the recognition

that conventions are followed in conversation Conversational implicatures theory is

attributed to Paul Herbert Grice, who observed that what is meant in conversations

frequently exceeds on what is said, and that this additional meaning can be inferred and

predicted. Grice, P. (2022)

Conversational implicatures are nondetachable in the sense that they are derived

from the content of what the speaker says, not from how they say it, and would have arisen

even if the speaker had used different words to express it. Finally, conversational

implicatures can be indeterminate because there could be an infinite number of different

interpretations, each of which would maintain the assumption that the speaker is
 13

cooperating. For example, when Romeo says, "Juliet is the sun," he may be implying that

Juliet is beautiful, radiant, life-giving, and so on, and all of these interpretations contribute

to the implicated meaning. Metaphors and other creative uses of language are typically

designed precisely to generate such rich indeterminate implicatures. Grice, P. (2022)

Theoretical Framework

For this research study, Grice’s theory of conversational implicature was applied.

Linguists say they implicate the meaning when they convey a message in this way, and the

meaning implicated is referred to as an implicature. The terms were coined by British

philosopher Paul Grice (1913-88), who proposed an influential account of implicature in

his classic paper Logic and Conversation (1975), which was reprinted in his book Studies

in the Way of Words (1989). Grice distinguished various types of implicature, the most

important of which was conversational implicature. Grice believed that a conversational

implicature is determined not by the meaning of the words used (their semantics), but by

how the words are used and interpreted (their pragmatics). Grice, P. (2022)

According to Grice, (2022). conversational implicatures arise because speakers are

expected to be cooperative – to contribute to the purpose of the conversation in which they

are engaged. They are expected to follow four conversational maxims: (1) provide an

appropriate amount of information (the quantity maxim); (2) provide correct information

(the quality maxim); (3) provide relevant information (the relation maxim); and (4) provide

information clearly (the maxim of manner). A conversational implicature, according to

 14

Grice, is an utterance that violates one or more of these maxims or would do so if the

implicature were not present. We can only maintain the assumption that the speaker is

cooperating in such cases by interpreting their utterance as conveying something other

than, or as well as its literal meaning, which is its implied meaning. The distinction between

what is said and what is implied in a conversation is more than just a technical philosophical

one. It emphasizes how pragmatic and non-literal human communication is.

Conversational implicature is frequently used to supplement and enrich our utterances,

saving time and providing a discrete way of conveying sensitive information. However,

this convenience raises ethical and legal concerns. Grice, P. (2022)

Through this theory, the researcher will know the linguistic and behavioral

implicature of commonly used emojis. Since the researcher was looking for linguistics and

behavior of commonly used emoji in the group chats. According to Grice’s Theory,

Conversational implicatures are pragmatic inferences: unlike entailments and

presuppositions, they are not based on evidence they are unrelated to the specific words

and phrases in an utterance, but rather result from contextual factors and the recognition

that conventions are followed in conversation Conversational implicatures theory is

attributed to Paul Herbert Grice, who observed that what is meant in conversations

frequently exceeds on what is said and that this additional meaning can be inferred and

predicted. The theory and the study of the researcher are connected and it will help the

researcher to know more about the researcher’s study. Grice, P. (2022)

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

• Pragmatic • Pragmatic
Theories and meaning of
Implicature Pragmatic Analysis emojis intended
• Transcription of by AB ELS
Interview

Figure 1. Conceptual Framework

The conceptual framework of the study shown in Figure 1 presents the Input-

Process-Output model. The Input includes the Pragmatic theories and Implicature, and

transcription of the interview. The process emphasizes the analysis of pragmatics. The

study aims to know the pragmatic meaning of Emojis intended by AB ELS.

 METHODOLOGY

This chapter outlines the researcher's research methodology that was used in the

process of gathering data for the study; the chapter contents are as follows: the research

design, research locale, sampling technique, subject of the study, research instrument, and

data gathering procedure.

Research Design

This study used Descriptive Qualitative Research. The design used in this study for

it greatly emphasizes the meanings, moods, and views of the participants which are

necessary for this study. In addition, Descriptive Qualitative Research methods used in this

study include semi-structured interviews and systematic data collection.

Locale of the Study

The research was conducted in the College of Arts and Sciences at Isabela State

University, Echague-Main campus.

Participants of the Study

The participants of this study are twenty participants in the academic group chats

of selected fourth-year Bachelor of Arts in English Language Studies students at Isabela

State University. They are selected to be respondents because they are students who used

emojis in group chats and also studying the language.

 19

Research Instrument

The researcher used Interview and guide questions. The primary goal of

interviewing is to comprehend what interviewees say, McNamara, (2009). During

interviews, open-ended questions are typically asked in the hopes of eliciting impartial

responses, whereas closed-ended questions may force participants to respond in a specific

manner (Creswell, 2012; McNamara, 1999). An open-ended question provides participants

with more ways to respond.

Data Gathering Procedure

The researcher followed the steps below in gathering the needed data:

First, the researcher sought permission to conduct the study from the College of

Arts and Sciences dean. After getting permission, the researcher sought the dean’s approval

for the researcher to meet the students. Then the researcher sought permission from the

selected respondents. After that, the researcher started to proceed with the face-to-face

interview using the interview guide questions. This method will surely elicit authentic and

reliable data for the researcher will be able to record every answer the participants will

openly state. Since some of the students do not regularly go to school, the researcher used

Google Meet to have an interview online. Also, the students were frightened of the camera

so the researcher used a recorder using a phone. Rest assured that the researcher

interviewed the participants during their free time. After gathering all the data, the

researcher will transcribe the data gathered and the researcher will then proceed to member
 20

checking via the correspondent technique for validity. After that, the researcher revised the

data to what the member checked via the correspondent technique outcome.
 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

In this chapter, the researcher elaborates in detail on the result of the face-to-face interview

with the selected 4th year AB ELS student at Isabela State University, Echague, main campus.

1. Commonly used emojis

LIST OF THE REAL NAME

COMMONLY USED OF THE EMOJI

EMOJIS IN THE

ACADEMIC GROUP

CHATS

The red heart

emoji

The thumbs-

up emoji

Face with tears of

joy

Ok hand sign

emoji

Clapping hands

emoji

Hugging face

emoji

Folded hands

emoji
 21

Face with

open-mouth

emoji

Slightly
smiling face
emoji
Crying face

emoji

Pleading face

emoji

Flexed biceps
emoji

Smiling face

with a halo

Table 1. Commonly used emojis

Table 1. Commonly used emojis

Table 1 shows the commonly used emojis and the real name of the emoji. There are

thirteen emojis both upon the sender and receiver used in the academic group chats

according to the interview. That was gathered by face-to-face interview, Google meet or

online interview and Audio recorded interview. Based on the result, the most commonly

used emoji is the red heart emoji with thirteen of the participants, second, is the thumbs-up

emoji with six of the respondents, while, four of the participants use the face with tears of
 22

joy, and some of the participants use ok hand-sign emoji, clapping hands emoji also Face

with open-mouth emoji, Folded hands emoji, Hugging face emoji, Crying face emoji, and

slightly smiling face emoji. Lastly, the smiling face with a halo, pleading face emoji, and

flexed biceps emoji.

1. Usage of the emoji

Out of twenty participants, there are ten of them stated that they used

emojis to express their emotions and feelings, four of the participants said that to know

their thoughts easily, three of them said to understand each other better, and the other three

participants said to avoid misunderstandings. Emojis were originally designed to be

symbolic representations of emotions. Emojis, like punctuation, are used to express

emotion, such as irony or humor, and to replace body language and tone of voice in text-

based communication. (Atanasova, A., 2016). In communication, it is also used to convey

meaning. As a result, their use can provide additional contextual or emotional meaning to

communication. It's a quick way to express yourself and frequently works better than

words. (Hamza, 2022).

2. Intention and Comprehension of Emoji

Red heart emoji

There were thirteen participants who used the red heart emoji according to the

interview. Upon the sender, two of them said to express their feelings, the other two to
 23

approve of what they sent and the other’s intention is to let the receiver know that they are

happy.

0:33

Speaker 1: Mm so, ano naman ang usually mong narereceive mong emoji?

(Mm so, what emoji do you usually receive?)

Speaker 2: Heart

0:39

Speaker 1: Heart den… ss… ano naman nafefeel mo pagna, nakakareceive ka ng heart

emoji?

(Heart den... ss... what do you feel when you receive a heart emoji?)

Speaker 2: Masaya, kinikilig

Happy, thrilled

While the comprehension of the receiver according to the participants is “kinikilig”

meaning they are thrilled, also, they are happy with the statement they received. Based to

the real meaning of the heart emoji according to Aloian, A. (2023) a red heart signifies "the

love heart." It is used to express love and passion. The meaning of their utterance is

expressed by what they said. Rahayu, E. R., (2016).

Thumbs-up Emoji

The intended meaning of sender participants who use thumbs-up said, it is used to

approve, and a short way of saying “ok” means, the statement is understandable. Just like
 24

Paul Grice’s study, there are main categories of implicature and one of them is conventional

implicature which means implications based on the conventional meanings of the words

occurring in an utterance which means the attitude of the sender is positive.

0:28

Speaker 1: E how about po yung, karaniwang natatanggap niyo na emoji?

(And how about the emoji you usually receive?)

Speaker 2: Yung like emoji?

0:32

Speaker 1: Ano naman po ang nafefeel niyo kapag nakakareceive kayo ng like emoji?

(How do you feel when you receive a like emoji?)

Speaker 2: Feeling ko kase napaka sarcastic niya at, ayaw niya makipagusap sakin kaya,

ang heart ko lagi ko ginagamit mas magaan para sa akin kase ako mismo, ayoko na

nakakatanggap ng like na emoji.

(I feel that he is very sarcastic and, he doesn't want to talk to me so, I always use my heart

because it's easier for me because I don't want to receive like emoji.)

However, in the participant's comprehension, it’s another way around. She says,

“Thumbs-up emoji is like you are saying “I don’t want to talk to you.” Or “We’re done

talking.” It is like the conversational implicature in Grice’s study meaning indirect or

implicit speech act in pragmatics: what is meant by a speaker's utterance that is not

explicitly stated.
 25

Face with tears of joy

This emoji is used to say that the statement is funny and the same goes for the

receiver. But some of the participants said that they just want to use the emoji. According

to the reader’s digest face with tears of joy emoji is commonly misinterpreted as sobbing,

but its true meaning is laughter—laughing so hard that your tears. The meaning of their

utterance is expressed by what they said. Rahayu, E. R., (2016).

Folded hands emoji

0:19

Speaker 1: …Ano naman ang intensiyon mo, pag ginagamit mo yung emoji na yun?

(...What is your intention, when you use that emoji?)

Speaker 2: Para malaman niyang, chinicheer ko at sinusupport ko siya

(For him to know, I cheer and support him)

In the view of the respondents folded hands emoji is another way of saying “I’ll

support you.” and I’ll cheer for you. The same goes for the receiver of the text. They have

the same positive response for the emoji it is also conventional implicature.

Hugging face emoji

0:13

Speaker 1: Ahhm pauses what is your intention in using the, yakap emoji?
 26

(Ahhm pauses what is your intention in using the, hug emoji?)

Speaker 2: To hug them, kahit online lang

(To hug them, even online)

As stated in the interview, hugging face emojis are used to hug them online. It is

more like the true meaning of the emoji. It also goes to the receiver the meaning of the

emoji is to feel loved. The same is true for the text's recipient. They have the same positive

reaction to the emoji, indicating that it is also conventional implicature based on Grice’s

study.

Crying face emoji

0:36

Speaker 1: Okay four, what emoji do you usually receive? Yung nare-receive mo.

(Okay four, what emoji do you usually receive? The one you receive.)

Speaker 2: Ahh, sad face emoji.

(Ahh, sad face emoji.)

0:44

Speaker 1: Ano naman ang nafefeel mo pag nakakareceive ka ng sad face emoji?

How do you feel when you receive a sad face emoji?

Speaker 2: … Feeling ko kase, parang ang lungkot nila ganon… parang may

pinagdadaanan sila sa buhay.

 27

(... I feel like they're sad like that... like they're going through something in life.)

According to Science of people blog, the real meaning of the crying face emoji or

what we call the sad emoji represents deep pain and crying. The difference between the

crying face emoji and the loudly crying face emoji is that the loud one is just overreacting

but this emoji is a different kind of pain. They have the same reaction to the emoji, denoting

that it is also conventional implicature. Rahayu, E. R., (2016)

Face with open-mouth emoji

Face with open-mouth emoji is used to react when they are amazed at the statement

to read based on the interview with both sender and the receiver. It is a conventional

implicature meaning their utterance is expressed by what they said. Rahayu, E. R., (2016)

Clapping hands emoji

0:26

Speaker 1: Ano naman ang usually narereceive mong emoji?

(What emoji do you usually receive?)

Speaker 2: Clapping emoji

0:30

Speaker 1: … Ano ang nafefeel mo pag nakakareceive ka emoji?

(… How do you feel when you receive emoji?)

 28

Speaker 2: Masaya, kase, I know na na-amazed siya sa sinabi ko

(Happy, because I know he was amazed by what I said)

According to the participants, this emoji is used to clap on the statement. To

congratulate or in short for saying “You did well.” They have the same positive reaction to

the emoji, indicating that it is also conventional implicature. Rahayu, E. R., (2016)

Ok hand sign emoji

0:26

Speaker 1: Mm, so, ano naman yung intention mo pag gumagamit ka ng ok hand emoji,

yung ganto oh? [hand sign]

(Mm, so, what is your intention when you use the ok hand emoji, like that? [hand sign])

Speaker 2: Ahmm, to approve or to say… okay

(Ahmm, to approve or to say... okay)

Based on the interview, it is used to say “I’m okay.” On the other hand, Schneebeli,

(2018), discussed that the okay emoji is the most frequent and also signs a positive signal

according to her research. In some Asian countries, this symbol interpreted the meaning

“fine” but somehow it also uses as meaningless. these emoji used to be a sign of money,

Kousar, A., Memon, etc. (2020).

0:56

Speaker 1: Ah, mm what emoji do you usually receive?

(Ah, mm what emoji do you usually receive?)

 29

Speaker 2: Ahm, I think, the ok sign, the ok one.

(Ahm, I think, the ok sign, the ok one.)

1:09

Speaker 1: Ahh, how do you feel when receiving this emojis?

(Ahm, I think, the ok sign, the ok one.)

Speaker 2: Ahmm, Honestly, I hate receiving that emoji kase, I think- or I feel like a

negative one.

(Ahmm, Honestly, I hate receiving that emoji because, I think- or I feel like a negative

one.)

Sometimes, some of the respondents say that it has a negative meaning of this emoji

a sexual insult according to Allan and Barbara (2004). It is similar to Grice's study of

conversational implicature, which means indirect or implicit speech act in pragmatics: what

is meant by a speaker's utterance that is not explicitly stated.

Slightly smiling face emoji

This emoji is known as the creepiest emoji based on the Emojipedia site. This

means it is the opposite of its true meaning the true meaning of this emoji conveys a wide

range of positive, happy, and friendly sentiments.

0:23

Speaker 1: Ano naman ang usually mong narereceive na emoji?

(What emoji do you usually receive?)

Speaker 2: The creepy em,emoji

 31

0:30

Speaker 1: Ahm, ano naman yung nafefeel mo pag, nakakareceive ka ng, yon, yung creepy

na emoji na sinasabi mo?

(Ahm, how do you feel when you receive that creepy emoji you're talking about?)

Speaker 2: Syempre natatakot galit na ang ibig sabihin ng emoji na yun e.

(Of course, that emoji means scared and angry.)

On the other side of the coin, that emoji is an angry and pissed emoji meaning,

“Stop! On what you are saying because it’s not funny at all.” Similarly, to Grice's study of

conversational implicature, meaning indirect or implicit speech acts in pragmatics: what is

meant by a speaker's utterance that is not explicitly stated.

Smiling Face with halo

0:40

Speaker 1: Ahh, okay so ano naman yung lagi mong narereceive na emoji?

(Ahh, okay so what is the emoji you always receive?)

Speaker 2: Ang, usually na narereceive kong emoji is, the emoji na may halo

(The emoji I usually receive is the emoji with a halo)

0:50

Speaker 1: halo, naman yung nafefeel mo pag, nakakareceive ka ng gantong emoji?

(Hello, what about the feeling you get when you receive a cool emoji?)

Speaker 2: Ahh, for me parang sinasabi na, God will bless you.
 32

(Ahh, for me it's like saying, God will bless you.)

Just stated in the interview, this emoji means to say God bless. And upon the

receiver, this emoji means that the sender is “God will bless you”. they have the same

positive attitude to what is said. It is also a conventional implicature meaning their

utterance is expressed by what they said. Rahayu, E. R., (2016)

Pleading face emoji

0:27

Speaker 1: What emoji, do you usually receive?

(What emoji do you usually receive?)

Speaker 2: Yung, please na emoji na parang umiiyak?

(The please emoji that looks like it's crying?)

0:33

Speaker 1: Ano naman ang nafefeel mo kapag, narereceive mo yung emoji na yun?

(How do you feel when you receive that emoji?)

Speaker 2: So, sabi nila may negative meaning yung emoji na yun so, parang ang inaalok

on “something negative” kaya, naooffend ako pag, ean ang narereceive ko.

(So, they said that emoji has a negative meaning, so, it's like the one offered on "something

negative" so, I'm offended when that's what I receive.)

Just stated in the interview, a pleading face emoji meanings to plead over something

negative. It is not the same as what is meant by a speaker's utterance that is not
 33

explicitly stated. Grice, H. P., (1988) so it is a conversational implicature. The 'pleading

face,' often known as the 'begging for sex emoji,' was traditionally used to implore with its

puppy-dog eyes and scowl, but it has been co-opted by those deliberately reaching out for

sexual favors. Lindsay, J. (2021)

Flexed biceps emoji

0:00

Speaker 1: Okay, so let us start the interview first question, what emoji do you usually use?

(Okay, so let us start the interview first question, what emoji do you usually use?)

Speaker 2: Bicep emoji [hand sign]

0:13

Speaker 1: Okay, so why do you use emojis?

Speaker 2: … Ahm, para maexpress mo yung feelings mo or para maintindihan ka.

(... Ahm, to express your feelings or to be understood.)

0:21

Speaker 1: Okay so, what number 3, what is your intention in using that emoji?... The

biceps emoji.

(Okay so, what number 3, what is your intention in using that emoji?... The biceps emoji.)

Speaker 2: [nod] Mm mm, para masabi mo na chinicheer mo siya or, to support her.

Based on the interview, the emoji is another way of saying “I’ll cheer for you.”,

and “I support you”. They have the same positive perception of the emoji, implying that it
 34

is also conventional implicature. The flexed biceps emoji can also be used to represent

encouragement, support, or motivation. When people are working together to achieve a

similar objective, it is frequently used as a sign of solidarity or camaraderie.

Dictionary.com (n.d.).
 SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary

This study was conducted to determine the commonly used emojis, to look at the

implicatures of linguistics of emoji, to know the relevance of emoji in language learning,

and to investigate how emojis can represent our emotions and mood in the academic GC

of selected fourth-year AB ELS at the College of Arts and Sciences, Isabela State

University, Echague-Main Campus.

A total of twenty (20) fourth-year AB ELS as the participants of the study. In

analyzing and categorizing the data descriptive qualitative is used as a method of analysis.

Through informal interviews and guide questions findings of the study showed that the

Heart emoji is the most commonly used emoji with thirteen of the participants, second, is

the thumbs-up emoji with six of the respondents, while, four of the participants use the face

with tears of joy, and some of the participants use ok hand-sign emoji, clapping hands

emoji also Face with open-mouth emoji, Folded hands emoji, Hugging face emoji, Crying

face emoji, and slightly smiling face emoji. Lastly, the smiling face with a halo, pleading

face emoji, and flexed biceps emoji.

Overall. Overall. Emojis have an essential role, particularly in today's technological

world. People can use emojis to describe their thoughts, opinions, and emotions. Also, to

avoid textual misunderstandings.

 33

Conclusion

The overall results, the most commonly used emoji is the red heart emoji there

were thirteen people who utilized the red heart emoji. Two of them stated they wanted to

communicate their thoughts, the other two said they wanted to approve of what they sent,

and the other said they wanted to let the receiver know they were glad. While the

comprehension of the receiver according to the participants is “kinikilig” meaning they are

thrilled, also, they are happy with the statement they received which means the meaning of

their utterance is expressed by what they said. Also, the Thumbs-up emoji is one of the

most commonly used emoji six of the participants used the thumbs-up emoji. The sender

participants who use thumbs-up indicated it is used to approve, and a quick way of stating

"ok" signifies the statement is understandable. There are several types of implicature, and

one of them is conventional implicature, which indicates implications based on the

customary meanings of the words occurring in a speech, implying that the sender's attitude

is favorable. However, in the participant's mind, it's the other way around. "Thumbs-up

emoji is like saying "I don't want to talk to you." Or "We're done talking," she says,

referring to Grice's study of indirect or implicit speech acts in pragmatics: what is intended

by a speaker's utterance that is not expressly stated.

Ten of the twenty participants said they used emojis to express their emotions and

feelings, four said they used them to easily know their thoughts, three said they used them

to better understand each other, and the other three said they used them to avoid

misunderstandings. Originally, emojis were intended to be symbolic representations of

emotions. Emojis, like punctuation, are used in text-based communication to indicate

 34

emotion, such as sarcasm or humor, and to replace body language and tone of voice. In

communication, it is also used to convey meaning. As a result, their use can provide

additional contextual or emotional meaning to communication. It's a quick way to express

yourself and frequently works better than words.

Emojis have an important role, especially in the digital world. The relevance of

emoji in language learning is that people can express their thoughts, feelings, and emotions

using emojis. Also, to avoid misunderstandings in text. In addition, Emojis can be useful

in language learning for students and teachers used them to communicate through group

chats, especially in times of pandemic. Since students are not in face-to-face classes so,

they interact online the emoji are useful, for them to understand each other and express

their thoughts easily. For language learners, emojis are incredibly useful. It’s not a total

replacement of languages with emoticons, but there's no denying that they can be useful

when learning in a variety of ways. Even when conversing with someone who speaks your

language fluently, most of us come into circumstances in which an emoji speaks louder

than words.

Recommendations

Based on the results of the study, the following recommendations are derived.

1.) The researcher recommends to the students know the different meanings of emoji by

reading the real meanings of emojis in a book or online before sending them.

2.) Also, the researcher suggests that students use appropriate emoji especially when the

teacher is going to talk to them.

 35

3.) The researcher suggests that when communicating online, students should have time

to learn emoji meanings to avoid misunderstandings by using emojis whenever they want

to express their thoughts

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APPENDICES
Interview Guide Questions
DIRECTION: Kindly enter the required information. These are necessary for the
completion of the study entitled “Linguistic and behavioral implicature of commonly
used emoji in the group chat of students”. Please be sure that you will answer it honestly
and correctly.

1. What emoji do you usually use?

__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
____________________________________
2. Why do you use emojis?

__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
____________________________________
3. What is your intention in using that emoji?

__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
____________________________________
4. What is your perception of using this emoji?

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5. What emoji do you usually receive?

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6. How do you feel when receiving this emoji/s?

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7. Why do you think people use emojis?

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Transcription of the interview

Participant 1

0:00

Speaker 1: So now, let us start the interview first question, what emoji do you usually use?

Speaker 2: I, usually used heart emoji.

0:12

Speaker 1: …ahm, heart emoji, so why, do you use emojis?

Speaker 2: … I used emojis para, maintindihan nila statement ko, kase for me pauses

usually akala nila galit ako pero, hindi naman kaya I usually emojis, para mas light ang

usapan.

(I used emojis for them to understand my statement because they thought I was mad. I used

emojis so that, it will be a light conversation.)

0:31

Speaker 1: Mm, So, what is your intention in using the heart, emoji?

Speaker 2: My intention is pauses para umagree sa sinasabi nila.

(My intention is to agree to the statement they said.)

0:40

Speaker 1: Ahh, okay so ano naman yung lagi mong narereceive na emoji?

So, what emoji do you usually received?

Speaker 2: Ang, usually na narereceive kong emoji is, the emoji na may halo

(The emoji that I usually received is the emoji with halo.)

0:50

Speaker 1: halo,ano naman yung nafefeel mo pag, nakakareceive ka ng gantong emoji?

(Halo, how do you feel when you receive that emoji?)

Speaker 2: Ahh, for me parang sinasabi na, God will bless you.

(Ahh, for me it’s like they’re saying God will bless you.)

1:03

Speaker 1: So, last question, ano naman sa tingin mo kung bakit gumagamit ang tao ng

emojis?

(So, last question, what do you think why people use emojis?)

Speaker 2: Ahh… sa tingin ko- sabi ko nga kanina, para mas magkaintindihan ang isa’t

isa.

(Ahh… I think, just like what I said earlier to understand each other better.)

End: 1 minute and 16 seconds

Participant 2

0:00

Speaker 1: So, let us start the interview first question, what emoji do you usually use?

Speaker 2: … Ang usually na ginagamit kong emoji is heart

(I usually used heart emoji.)

0:09

Speaker 1: Ah, bakit ka gumagamit ng emojis?

(Why do you used emojis?)

Speaker 2: Para hindi ako mamis-understood?

(So that, I will not be misunderstood.)

0:15

Speaker 1: Ano naman ang intensiyon mo, kapag… ahh, nagsesend ka ng emoji?

(What is your intention in using that emoji?)

Speaker 2: Para malaman niya na naiintindihan ko siya, o sila.

(For them to know that I understand them.)

0:26

Speaker 1: Ano naman ang usually narereceive mong emoji?

(What emoji do you usually received?)

Speaker 2: Usually narereceive ko is, like emoji

(I usually received like emoji.)

0:34

Speaker 1: Ano nafefeel mo pag nakakareceive ka ng like emoji?

(How do you feel when receiving the like emoji?)

Speaker 2: Sarcastic yung sagot niya… [laughs] parang di siya totally agree sa sinasabi

ko

(Sarcastic, it’s like they are not totally agree to what I said.)

0:42

Speaker 1: So, ano naman sa tingin mo, kung bakit gumagamit ang tao ng emojis?

(So, what do you think why people use emojis?)

Speaker 2: Siguro, para mas madaling magkaintindihan? …Kase, parang, pag alang emoji

yung statement ko parang galit yung dating.

(Maybe, to easily understand each other? Because it’s like if no emoji, it’s like I’m mad.)

End: 59 seconds
Participant 3

0:00

Speaker 1: So, let us start the interview, first question, what emoji do you usually use?

Speaker 2: Yung pray emoji, yung hand na nagprapray ay, I don’t know kung ano tawag

dun e

(The pray emoji, the hand that praying, I’m not sure what is it called.)

0:13

Speaker 1: Bakit ka gumagamit ng emojis?

(Why do you use emojis?)

Speaker 2: To easily understand each other

0:19

Speaker 1: …Ano naman ang intensiyon mo, pag ginagamit mo yung emoji na yun?

(What is your intention in using that emoji?)

Speaker 2: Para malaman niyang, chinicheer ko at sinusupport ko siya

(For them to know that I support and cheer for them.)

0:27

Speaker 1: Ano naman ang usually na narereceive mong emoji?

(What emoji do you usually receive?)

Speaker 2: Ahm, eong smiley face na emoji yung tinatawag nila, na creepy ay ganon.

Ahm, the smiley face emoji, they also call it creepy emoji.

0:37

Speaker 1: …Ano naman ang, nafefeel mo pag narereceive mo yung emoji na yun?

How do you feel when receiving that emoji?

Speaker 2: …Syempre pag, ganon na emoji- ibig sabihin galit siya ganon, ang creepy

(Of course, if that emoji, meaning they’re mad. Creepy.)

0:47

Speaker 1: …So ano sa tingin m, ano naman ang reason kung bakit gumagamit ang tao ng

emojis?

(So, what do you think why people use emojis?)

Speaker 2: Ahmm, mas madali mong maexpress yung feelings nila

(To easily express feelings.)

End: 1 minute and 2 seconds

Participant 4

0:00

Speaker 1: So, let us start the interview first question, what emoji do you usually use?

Speaker 2: Laugh

0:07

Speaker 1: …Why do you use emojis?

Speaker 2: Mmm, para alam nila na tumatawa ako ganon, kahit hindi nila nakikita

(So that they know that I’m laughing even though they didn’t see me.)

0:15

Speaker 1: … Ano naman ang intensiyon mo pag ginagamit mo yung, laughing emoji?

(What is your intention in using the laughing emoji?)

Speaker 2: … Ahh hmm pauses parang gusto ko lang gamitin

I just want to use it.

0:26

Speaker 1: pauses Ano naman ang emoji na usually mong narereceive? … na emoji

(What emoji do you usually receive?)

Speaker 2: Heart

0:30

Speaker 1: Heart emoji? Ano naman ang nafefel mo pag nakakareceive ka ng… heart emoji

(How do you feel when you receive the heart emoji?)

Speaker 2: Mm… masaya

(Happy)

0:41
Speaker 1: …Ano naman ang tingin mo kung bakit gumagamit ang tao ng emojis?

(Why do you think people use emojis?)

Speaker 2: …Don kase nila… naeexpress yung kanilang gustong sabihin o kayaa- bastaa

ganon, gusto nila pauses yun lang din ginagamit nila tapos, pag gusto nilang ma-express

(In using the emojis, they can express more of their feelings or intention.)
Participant 5

0:00

Speaker 1: Start the interview, first question, what emoji do you usually use?

Speaker 2: Ahh, heart

0:06

Speaker 1: Heart emoji, why do you use emojis?

Speaker 2: Para maexpress ko yung… feelings at para mapakita ko sakanila yung pauses

yung-mapadali kong… mapakita sakanila yung nararamdaman ko.

(To express my feelings, to easily see my feelings.)

0:21

Speaker 1: Ahm… ano naman ang intensiyon mo pag gumagamit ka ng heart emojis?

(What is your intention in using the heart emoji?)

Speaker 2: Para madali nilang, maintindihan yung gusto kong, sabihin sakanila

(So that they will easily understand what I’m saying to them.)

0:31

Speaker 1: …Ano naman ang usually na emoji na narereceive mo?

(What emoji do you usually received?)

Speaker 2: heart, heart din

0:37

Speaker 1: Heart, ano naman yung nafefeel mo pag nakakareceive ka ng heart emojis?

(How do you feel when you receive the heart emoji?)

Speaker 2: Syempre, masaya

(Off course, happy.)

0:42

Speaker 1: Ahhmm… ano naman tingin mo kung bakit gumagamit ang tao ng emojis?

Ahmm… What do you think why people use emojis?

Speaker 2: Para… mapadali nilang, maiparamdam o maipakita yung, totoong

nararamdaman nila

(So that, they will easily express their true emotions.)

End: 57 seconds
Participant 6

0:00

Speaker 1: So, let us start the interview, first question what emoji do you usually use?

Speaker 2: Heart

0:05

Speaker 1: Heart emoji, bakit ka gumagamit ng emojis?

(Why do you use emojis?)

Speaker 2: Kase gusto ko lang pero ano para pauses para malaman nila kung… parang

yung gusto nilang sabihin, parang ganon

(I just used it. For them to know what I’m saying.)

0:18

Speaker 1: Ahh, so ano… ano naman yung intensiyon mo kung bakit ka gumagamit ng

heart emojis?

(What is your intention in using the heart emoji?)

Speaker 2: Mm… gusto ko lang, parang… sa smile emoji pero para malaman nilang

masaya ka, ganon

(I just want to use it, like the smile emoji for them to know that I’m happy.)

0:33

Speaker 1: Mm so, ano naman ang usually mong narereceive mong emoji?

(What emoji do you usually receive?)

Speaker 2: Heart

0:39
Speaker 1: Heart den… ss… ano naman nafefeel mo pagna, nakakareceive ka ng heart

emoji?

(What do you feel when you received the heart emoji?)

Speaker 2: Masaya, kinikilig

(Happy, thrilled)

0:45

Speaker 1: [laughs] mm ano naman sa tingin mo kung bakit gumagamit ang tao ng emojis?

(What do you think why people use emojis?)

Speaker 2: …Sa tingin?

(Why do I think?)

Speaker 1: Oo, sa tingin mo anong… anong sa tingin mo kung bakit gumagamit ang tao

ng emojis?

(Yes, why do you think people use emojis?)

Speaker 2: Mmm… para malaman nila kung ano yung, gusto nilang … ahh, iparating

(To know what they want to say.)

End: 1 minute and 6 seconds

Participant 7

0:00

Speaker 1: Ahh let us start the interview first question, what emoji do you usually use?

Speaker 2: Like emoji

0:07

Speaker 1: Why do you use emojis?

Speaker 2: To express my feelings

0:11

Speaker 1: What is your intention in using that emoji?

Speaker 2: Ahmm… to approve if, may-example may tatanong sila saken, tapos if okay na

sakin magsese… gagamit nalang ako ng emoji na like, to approve it.

0:27

Speaker 1: … Okay, so ano naman yung usually mong narereceive mong emoji?

Speaker 2: Heart, emoji

0:33

Speaker 1: Ano nafefeel mo pag, nakakareceive ka ng heart emoji?

(What do you feel when you received the heart emoji?)

Speaker 2: Ahm, Happy, ganon

(Happy)

0:39

Speaker 1: Happy, so, ano naman sa tingin mo kung bakit gumagamit ang tao ng, ng

emojis?

(What do you think why people use emojis?)

Speaker 2: Yung nga, para maexpress nila yung feelings nila or, kung ano man ang gusto

nilang sabihin sa tao ganon

(As I said, to express their feelings or to say what they want to state.)

End: 52 seconds
Participant 8

0:00

Speaker 1: So, let us start the interview, first question what emoji do you usually use?

Speaker 2: Mm.. tong yakap na emoji

(Care emoji)

0:08

Speaker 1: Why do you use emojis?

Speaker 2: For them to know na, hindi ako galit [laughs]

(For them to know that I’m not mad.)

0:13

Speaker 1: Ahhm pauses what is your intention in using the, yakap emoji?

(What is your intention in using the care emoji?)

Speaker 2: To hug them, kahit online lang

(To hug them, through online.)

0:23

Speaker 1: Ano naman ang usually mong narereceive na emoji?

(What emoji do you usually received?)

Speaker 2: The creepy em, emoji

0:30

Speaker 1: Ahm, ano naman yung nafefeel mo pag, nakakareceive ka ng, yon, yung creepy

na emoji na sinasabi mo?

(What do you feel when you received the creepy emoji?)

Speaker 2: Syempre natatakot galit na ang ibig sabihin ng emoji na yun e.

(I’m afraid because the meaning of the smiley emoji is mad.)

0:40

Speaker 1: So, ano naman sa tingin mo kung bakit gumagamit ang tao ng emoji?

(What do you think why people use emojis?)

Speaker 2: To express their thoughts?

End: 49 seconds
Participant 9

0:00

Speaker 1: So, let us start the interview, first question what emoji do you usually use?

Speaker 2: I usually used yung, pray na emoji

0:07

Speaker 1: Why do you use emojis?

Speaker 2: So that, I can express myself more

0:12

Speaker 1: … What is your intention in using the, pray emoji?

Speaker 2: Ahm, to know na I cheer for them pag plain na chinicheer kita parang, di dama

kaya, I usually use that emoji, for them to know na, totoo ang sinasabi ko

(To know that I cheer for them. If just a word that I cheer for you is plain so I usually use

that emoji, for them to know that what I’m saying is true.)

0:27

Speaker 1: What emoji, do you usually receive?

Speaker 2: Yung, please na emoji na parang umiiyak?

(The please emoji that is like crying?)

0:33

Speaker 1: Ano naman ang nafefeel mo kapag, narereceive mo yung emoji na yun?

(What do you feel when you receive that emoji?)

Speaker 2: So, sabi nila may negative meaning yung emoji na yun so, parang ang inaalok

on “something negative” kaya, naooffend ako pag, ean ang narereceive ko.
(According to them, this emoji has a negative meaning, it’s like they are inviting you on

something negative. So, I feel offended when I received that emoji.)

0:48

Speaker 1: Why do you think na gumagamit ang tao ng emojis?

(Why do you think people use emojis?)

Speaker 2: … Para maiwasan ang mis understanding ng isa’t isa

(To avoid misunderstanding each other.)

End: 57 seconds
Participant 10

0:00

Speaker 1: So, let us start the interview, first question what emoji do you usually use?

Speaker 2: I usually used sad emoji po

0:09

Speaker 1: Ahm, why do you use emojis?

Speaker 2: Ahm, so that I can express my true feelings cause without emoji, my chatmate

can’t determine if I’m mad or, [laughs] what.

0:21

Speaker 1: What is your intention in using the sad emoji?

Speaker 2: Ahm, for them to know na I’m sad on the text they sent

0:30

Speaker 1: What emoji do you usually receive?

Speaker 2: Usually, care emoji po

0:37

Speaker 1: How do you feel when you received that emoji?

Speaker 2: Ahm, [laughs] I feel loved but… I feel loved pag nakakareceive ako ng emoji

na yun

(Ahm, [laughs] I feel loved but… I feel loved when I receive that emoji)

0:47

Speaker 1: Ano naman sa tingin mo kung bakit gumagamit ang tao ng emojis?

(Why do you think people use emojis?)

Speaker 2: Siguro po, gaya din ng sabi ko po kanina, para mas maexpress nila yung si…

para po maexpress nila yung sinasabi nila with, emojis

(Maybe, as I said earlier, so that they can express the si... so that they can express what

they are saying with, emojis)

End: 1 minute and 1 second

Participant 11

0:00

Speaker 1: So, let us start the interview, first question what emoji do you usually use?

Speaker 2: (The wow emoji)

0:07

Speaker 1: Why do you use emojis?

Speaker 2: To express of their thoughts at, iwas sa di pagkakaintindihan

(To express their thoughts and avoid misunderstandings)

0:15

Speaker 1: Ano naman yung intensiyon mop ag gumagamit ka ng wow emoji?

(What is the intention of using wow emoji?)

Speaker 2: To say, Im… Im amazed on what they sent

0:26

Speaker 1: Ano naman ang usually narereceive mong emoji?

Speaker 2: Clapping emoji

0:30

Speaker 1: … Ano ang nafefeel mo pag nakakareceive ka emoji?

(How do you feel when you receive emoji?)

Speaker 2: Masaya, kase, I know na na-amazed siya sa sinabi ko

(Happy, because I know he was amazed by what I said)

0:38
Speaker 1: … Ano sa tingin mo kung bakit gumagamit ang tao ng emoji?

(Why do you think people use emoji?)

Speaker 2: Sabi ko nga nung una, para iwas sa di pagkaka intindihan

(I said it at first, to avoid misunderstanding)

End: 49 seconds
Participant 12

0:00

Speaker 1: So, let us start the interview, first question what emoji do you usually use?

Speaker 2: (I usually use haha emoji)

0:07

Speaker 1: Why do you use emojis?

Speaker 2: Ahh, para maiwasan ang hindi pagkakaintindihan

To avoid misunderstanding

0:13

Speaker 1: Ahm, ano naman ang intensiyon mo, pag gumagamit ka ng, haha emoji?

(What is your intention when you use haha emoji?)

Speaker 2: Ahm para mas maintindihan nila yung sinsabi ko kase, pag word lang na ‘haha’

yung sinned ko, parang ang plain niya kaya, mas prefer ko na gumamit ng emoji para mas

maintindihan nila ako

(Ahm so they can better understand what I'm saying, when I say the word 'haha' I sinned,

it's like he's plain, so I prefer to use emoji so they can understand me better)

0:30

Speaker 1: Ano naman ang usually na narereceive mong emoji?

(What is the emoji you usually receive?)

Speaker 2: I usually received haha emoji, den

0:37

Speaker 1: Ano naman ang nafefeel mo pag nakakareceive ka ng haha emoji?

(How do you feel when you receive a haha emoji?)

Speaker 2: Ahm, nararamadaman ko na, masaya sila sa, sinend kong text

(Ahm, I can feel that they are happy with the text I sent)

0:46

Speaker 1: Ano naman yung, sa tingin mo kung bakit gumagamit ang tao ng emojis?

(What is it, why do you think people use emojis?)

Speaker 2: Ahh, para sa akin, para mas maexpress nila yung totoong nararamdaman nila.

(Ahh, for me, so they can express their true feelings more.)

End: 56 seconds
Participant 13

0:00

Speaker 1: So, let us start the interview, first question what emoji do you usually use?

Speaker 2: Ang karaniwang ginagamit ko is heart.

(What I usually use is heart.)

0:07

Speaker 1: Bakit ka gumagamit ng emojis?

(Why do you use emojis?)

Speaker 2: Syempre, para mas lalo ko na, maexpress yung sarili ko.

(Of course, so that I can express myself even more)

0:13

Speaker 1: Ano naman ang intensiyon mo kapag, sinend mo yung karaniwang emoji na

ginagamit mo?

(What is your intention when you send the usual emoji you use?)

Speaker 2: You mean yung gusto kong maintindihan ng pinagsendan ko ng emoji na yun?

(You mean what I want to understand when I sent that emoji?)

Speaker 1: Yes po

Speaker 2: Ang intensiyon ko is, approve ako sa text na nabasa ko.

(My intention is, I approve of the text I read)

0:28

Speaker 1:

Speaker 2: Yung like emoji?

0:32

Speaker 1: Ano naman po ang nafefeel niyo kapag nakakareceive kayo ng like emoji?

(How do you feel when you receive a like emoji?)

Speaker 2: Feeling ko kase napaka sarcastic niya at, ayaw niya makipagusap sakin kaya,

ang heart ko lagi ko ginagamit mas magaan para sa akin kase ako mismo, ayoko na

nakakatanggap ng like na emoji

(I feel that he is very sarcastic and, he doesn't want to talk to me so, I always use my

heart, it's easier for me because I myself, I don't want to receive like emoji)

0:49

Speaker 1: Ano naman po sa tingin niyo ku, kung bakit gumagamit ang tao ng emojis?

(What do you think, why do people use emojis?)

Speaker 2: Dahil sa tingin ko, sa paggamit ng emoji mas mararamdaman pa natin ang

isa’t isa.

(Because I think, by using emoji we can feel each other even more.)

Speaker 1: Salamat

(Thank You)

Speaker 2: Walang anuman

(You’re welcome)

End: 1 minute
Participant 14

0:00

Speaker 1: Let us now start the interview, first question, what emoji do you usually use?

Speaker 2: (Heart emoji)

0:07

Speaker 1: Why do use emojis?

Speaker 2: … To express more of my thoughts

0:11

Speaker 1: What is your intention in using the heart emojis?

Speaker 2: To approve the text, sa, na sinend sa akin.

(To approve the text, sa, that was sent to me.)

0:20

Speaker 1: Ahh, ano naman yung usually narereceive mong emoji?

(Ahh, what is the emoji you usually receive?)

Speaker 2: Ahm, haha emoji.

0:25

Speaker 1: Ano naman nafefeel mop ag nakakareceive ka ng haha emoji?

(What about feeling mop when you receive haha emoji?)

Speaker 2: Ahm, feeling ko parang,natutuwa sila sa sinabi ko?

(Ahm, I feel like they are happy with what I said?)

0:33
Speaker 1: … So ano naman sa tingin mo kung bakit gumagamit ang tao ng emojis?

(So why do you think people use emojis?)

Speaker 2: Ahh, sabi ko nga kanina, to express more of our thoughts.

(Ahh, I said earlier, to express more of our thoughts.)

End: 43 seconds
Participant 15

0:00

Speaker 1: So, let us start the interview, first question what emoji do you usually use?

Speaker 2: pauses emoji… I usually use the, clapping emoji.

0:15

Speaker 1: Why do you use emojis?

Speaker 2: pauses Ahh for me, I used emoji to, express… express more of my emotions

kase, parang sa food din siya, kung walang emoji, parang taste bland, parang ganon po.

(Ahh for me, I used emoji to, express... express more of my emotions because, it's like

he's in food too, if there's no emoji, it's taste bland, it's like that.)

0:33

Speaker 1: Okay so, Ano naman ang intensiyon mo in using the clapping emoji?

(Okay so, what is your intention in using the clapping emoji?)

Speaker 2: Pauses ahm… like for example, if I want to congratulate someone I am using

the clapping emoji to express that I’m very proud and, so on.

0:56

Speaker 1: Ah, mm what emoji do you usually receive?

Speaker 2: Ahm, I think, the ok sign, the ok one.

1:09

Speaker 1: Ahh, how do you feel when receiving this emojis?

Speaker 2: Ahmm, Honestly, I hate receiving that emoji kase, I think- or I feel like a

negative one.
1:27

Speaker 1: Ahh, mm, so last question, ano sa tingin mo kung bakit gumagamit ang tao ng

emoji?

(Ahh, mm, so last question, why do you think people use emoji?)

Speaker 2: pauses Ahm, ayon nga po just what I said a while ago na, we are using emoji

to express more of our emotions as well as, to show that… ahh, to show what kind of

emotion pauses we feel… or kung ano yung nararamdaman ko at that time, something like

that.

(Ahm, that's right, just what I said a while ago, we are using emoji to express more of our

emotions as well as, to show that... ahh, to show what kind of emotion pauses we feel...

or what kind of emotion pauses we feel at that time, something like that.)

Speaker 1: Okay, thank you.

End 2 minutes
Participant 16

0:00

Speaker 1: Okay, so let us start the interview first question, what emoji do you usually use?

Speaker 2: (pauses Ok emoji, yung ganto oh [hand sign])

0:13

Speaker 1: Ah, why do you use emojis?

Speaker 2: pauses Ahmm, to know my true feelings sa text na nababasa ko.

(Ahmm, to know my true feelings on the text I read.)

0:26

Speaker 1: Mm, so, ano naman yung intention mo pag gumagamit ka ng ok hand emoji,

yung ganto oh? [hand sign]

(Mm, so, what is your intention when you use the ok hand emoji, like that?)

Speaker 2: Ahmm, to approve or to say… okay

0:40

Speaker 1: Ahmm, Ano naman ang usually na narereceive mo na emoji?

(Ahmm, what emoji do you usually receive?)

Speaker 2: Ahm, wow emoji.

0:50

Speaker 1: Ano naman yung nafefeel mo kapag nakakareceive ka ng wow emoji?

(How do you feel when you receive a wow emoji?)

Speaker 2: Mm, feeling ko naamazed sila sa sinasabi ko?

(Mm, I feel like they are amazed by what I'm saying?)

1:02

Speaker 1: Ahm, last question… ano sa tingin mo kung bakit gumagamit ang tao ng emojis?

(Ahm, last question… why do you think people use emojis?)

Speaker 2: Ahm, to express more, of their, feelings or emotion.

Speaker 1: Kay

End: 1 minute and 18 seconds

Participant 17

0:00

Speaker 1: Okay, so let us start the interview first question, what emoji do you usually use?

Speaker 2: (Bicep emoji [hand sign])

0:13

Speaker 1: Okay, so why do you use emojis?

Speaker 2: … Ahm, para maexpress mo yung feelings mo or para maintindihan ka.

(Ahm, to express your feelings or to be understood.)

0:21

Speaker 1: Okay so, what number 3, what is your intention in using that emoji?... The

biceps emoji.

Speaker 2: [nod] Mm mm, para masabi mo na chinicheer mo siya or, to support her.

(Mm mm, so you can say that you chinicheer her or, to support her.)

0:36

Speaker 1: Okay four, what emoji do you usually receive? Yung narereceive mo.

(Okay four, what emoji do you usually receive? The one you receive.)

Speaker 2: Ahh, sad face emoji.

0:44

Speaker 1: Ano naman ang nafefeel mo pag nakakareceive ka ng sad face emoji?

(How do you feel when you receive a sad face emoji?)

Speaker 2: … Feeling ko kase, parang ang lungkot nila ganon… parang may

pinagdadaanan sila sa buhay.

(I feel like they are sad like that... like they are going through something in life.)

0:58

Speaker 1: … Mm, so… last question, ano naman sa tingin mo kung bakit gumagamit ang

tao ng emojis?

(Mm, so... last question, why do you think people use emojis?)

Speaker 2: pauses to express their feelings or, para mai… pakita, para-tawag dito… yun

to express their feelings [laughs]

(To express their feelings or, to be able to... see, to call it... that's to express their feelings.)

Speaker 1: Okay, thank you.

End: 1 minute and 20 seconds

Participant 18

0:00

Speaker 1: So… let us start the interview, first question, what emoji do you usually use?

Speaker 2: Ahh, I usually use the heart emoji.

0:16

Speaker 1: Why, do you use emoji?

Speaker 2: Ahm, to express feelings

0:24

Speaker 1: And number 3, what is your intention in using the… the, you usually use?

Speaker 2: Ahm, parang sarcastic pag like or sa ibang emoji kaya, para saken, mas ok

yung heart mas sincere.

(Ahm, it seems sarcastic when you like or other emoji so, for that, the heart is more ok,

more sincere.)

0:44

Speaker 1: Mm, so, ano naman ang usually na narereceive mong emoji?... Ano yung

usually na narereceive mo na emoji?

(Mm, so, what is the emoji you usually receive?... What is the emoji you usually receive?)

Speaker 2: Ahm… like… like emoji

0:50

Speaker 1: So, ano nararamdaman mo kapag nareceive ka ng like emoji?

(So, how do you feel when you receive a like emoji?)

Speaker 2: Ahm, ang sabi ko nga kanina ang sarcastic ng dating pag like ang narereceive

kong emoji… yun.

(Ahm, I said earlier that the ex was sarcastic when he liked the emoji, I received... that's

it.)

1:10

Speaker 1: So, sa tingin mo naman, ano naman yung ah… iniisip ng tao kung bakit ahm…

bakit, bakit gumagamit ang tao ng emoji?

(So, what do you think ah… people wonder why ahm… why, why do people use emoji?)

Speaker 2: pauses Para maexpress yung feelings nila, at to express their gratitude, the

happinesss ganon.

(To express their feelings, and to express their gratitude, the happiness.)

End: 1 minute and 43 seconds

Participant 19

0:00

Speaker 1: So, let us start the interview, first question, what emoji do you usually use?

Speaker 2: Heart, heart

0:10

Speaker 1: … Heart emoji, So, bakit ka gumagamit ng emojis?

(So, why do you use emojis?)

Speaker 2: …Ahm, para, ahh masabi ko yung… gusto kong sabihin sa emoji ganon

Ahm, to say what I want to emoji.

0:19

Speaker 1: … Ano naman ang intensiyon mo pag, gumagamit ka ng heart emoji?

What is your intention in using the heart emoji?

Speaker 2: Ahm… yun-yung feelings mo na pauses para pauses maexpress mo, yun.

(That’s the feeling when you can express it.)

0:32

Speaker 1: Ano naman ang usually na narereceive mong emoji?

(What emoji do you usually receive?)

Speaker 2: Heart… din

0:38

Speaker 1: Heart emoji den, ano naman yung nafefeel mo pag na, nakakareceive ka ng

heart emoji?

(How do you feel when you receive heart emoji?)

Speaker 2: Mm, depende sa… sinisend nilang message, mga ganon, kung masaya ka ganon,

or kinikilig

(Mm, it depends on the message, if I’m happy or thrilled.)

0:51

Speaker 1: Ano naman ang tingin mo bakit gumagamit ang tao ng emojis?

(Why do you think people use emojis?)

Speaker 2: Yun… yun nga, to express their feelings

(To express their feelings.)

End: 59 seconds
Face to face interview
Online Interview
Audio recorded Interview
 CURRICULUM VITAE

CRIZEL G. BALLAO

P6 San Antonio, Ramon, Isabela

Mobile No.: 09365066438

Email address: crizelgballao@gmail.com
PERSONAL INFORMATION
Gender : Female
Age : 23
Birth Date : September 17, 1999
Religion : Born Again Christian
Citizenship : Filipino
Civil Status : Single
Height : 4’11”
Weight : 49kgs.

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Level School Year

Graduated
Senior High School Raniag High School
Raniag, Ramon, Isabela 2018
Junior High School Raniag High School
Raniag, Ramon, Isabela 2016
Elementary San Antonio Elementary School
San Antonio, Ramon, Isabela 2012
TRAININGS/SEMINARS/WORKSHOP ATTENDED
MEMBERSHIP TO ORGANIZATION
• English Club –Member