PRACTICA DE INFERENCIA

EJERCICIO 1

A)

𝑳𝒂 𝒎𝒆𝒅𝒊𝒂
∑ 𝑋𝑖 5 + 7 + 9 + 11 + 13
𝜇= =
𝑵 𝟓

𝒌𝒈
𝝁=𝟗
𝒔𝒆𝒎𝒂𝒏𝒂

𝑫𝒆𝒔𝒗𝒊𝒂𝒄𝒊ó𝒏 𝑬𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒂𝒓
∑( 2 (5 2 + (7 − 9)2 + (9 − 9)2 + (11 − 9)2 + (13 − 9)2
𝑋𝑖 − 𝜇) −)
𝜎2 = =
𝑁 𝟓
40
𝜎2 =
5

𝝈𝟐 = 𝟖
𝝈 = 𝟐. 𝟖𝟑
𝑷𝑹𝑶𝑷𝑶𝑪𝑰𝑶𝑵

𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑖𝑑𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑠 > 10𝑘𝑔𝑠

2
𝑃= => 𝑃 = 0.4
5
B)

𝑀𝑢𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑎 𝑎 𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑒𝑟 = 3
𝑟=3 𝑛=5
𝑛 5 5! 20
( )=( )= = = 10
𝑟 3 (5 − 3)! ∗ 3! 2

NUMERO X1 X2 X3 MEDIA (Xi-MEDIA)^2

1 5 7 9 7.00 4.00
2 5 7 11 7.67 1.78
3 5 7 13 8.33 0.44
4 5 9 11 8.33 0.44
5 5 9 13 9.00 0.00
6 5 11 13 9.67 0.44
7 7 9 11 9.00 0.00
8 7 9 13 9.67 0.44
9 9 11 13 10.33 1.78
10 9 11 13 11.00 4.00
TOTAL 90.00 13.33
 MEDIA FRECUENCIA 0,25
7.00 0.1
0,2
7.67 0.1
8.33 0.2 0,15
9.00 0.2 0,1
9.67 0.2 0,05
10.63 0.1
0
11.00 0.1
7 7,67 8,33 9 9,67 10,63 11
TOTAL 1

C)

𝑳𝒂 𝒎𝒆𝒅𝒊𝒂
∑ 𝑋𝑖 5 + 7 + 9 + 11 + 13
𝜇= =
𝑵 𝟓

𝒌𝒈
𝝁=𝟗
𝒔𝒆𝒎𝒂𝒏𝒂

𝑫𝒆𝒔𝒗𝒊𝒂𝒄𝒊ó𝒏 𝑬𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒂𝒓
∑(𝑋𝑖 − 𝜇)2
𝜎2 =
𝑁
13.33
𝜎2 = = 1.33
10

𝝈 = 𝟏. 𝟏𝟓
d)

𝜎2 𝑁 − 𝑛
𝑉(𝑋̅) = ∗
𝑛 𝑁−1

𝜎 𝑁−𝑛
𝜎̅ = ∗√
√𝑛 𝑁−1

2.83 5−3
𝜎̅ = ∗√
√3 5−1

̅ = 𝟏. 𝟏𝟓
𝝈
e)

𝑃(|𝑋̅ − 𝜇| < 𝜎𝑥 ) = 𝑃(−𝜎𝑋 < 𝑋̅ − 𝜇 < 𝜎𝑥 )

𝑃(𝜇 − 𝜎𝑋 < 𝑋̅ < 𝜎𝑥 + 𝜇)

𝑃(9 − 2.83 < 𝑋̅ < 2.83 + 9)

̅ < 𝟏𝟏. 𝟖𝟑)

𝑷(𝟔. 𝟕𝟏 < 𝑿
6.17 − 9 11.83 − 9
𝑃( < 𝑋̅ < ) = 𝑃(−1.0005 < 𝑋̅ < 1.0005)
2.83 2.83
 𝑃(0.8413 < 𝑋̅ < 0.1587) = 0.8413 − 0.1587

̅ < 𝟏𝟏. 𝟖𝟑) = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟖𝟐𝟔 = 𝟔𝟖. 𝟐𝟔%

𝑷(𝟔. 𝟕𝟏 < 𝑿

𝑃(𝜇 − 2𝜎𝑋 < 𝑋̅ < 2𝜎𝑥 + 𝜇)

𝑃(9 − 2 ∗ 2.83 < 𝑋̅ < 2 ∗ 2.83 + 9)

̅ < 𝟏𝟒. 𝟖𝟔)

𝑷(𝟑. 𝟑𝟒 < 𝑿
3.34 − 9 14.86 − 9
𝑃( < 𝑋̅ < ) = 𝑃(−2 < 𝑋̅ < 2)
2.83 2.83
𝑃(0.9772 < 𝑋̅ < 0.0228) = 0.9772 − 0.0228

̅ < 𝟏𝟒. 𝟖𝟔) = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟓𝟒𝟒 = 𝟗𝟓. 𝟒𝟒%

𝑷(𝟑. 𝟑𝟒 < 𝑿

EJERCICIO 3

𝑫𝑨𝑻𝑶𝑺: 𝑛1 = 10, 𝑛2 = 15, 𝜎12 = 10, 𝜎22 = 5, 𝜇1 = 40, 𝜇2 = 50

𝝈𝟐 𝝈𝟐
𝝈𝒅 𝒙 = √ 𝟏 + 𝟐
𝒏𝟏 𝒏𝟐

102 52
𝜎𝑑 𝑥 = √ +
10 15

𝝈𝒅 𝒙 = 𝟑. 𝟒𝟏𝟔 𝒒𝒖𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒂𝒍𝒆𝒔

𝒅𝒙 − 𝒅𝒖
𝒁=
𝝈𝒅 𝒙

𝑑𝑢 = 𝜇1 − 𝜇2 𝑑𝑥 = ̅̅̅
𝑋1 + ̅̅̅
𝑋2
𝑑𝑢 = 40 − 50 𝑑𝑥 = 40 − 50
𝒅𝒖 = −𝟏𝟎 𝒅𝒙 = −𝟏𝟎

𝑷(|𝒅𝒙| > 𝟏𝟎) = 𝟏 − 𝑷(|𝒅𝒙| ≤ 𝟏𝟎)

𝑑𝑥 − 𝑑𝑢 −𝑑𝑥 − 𝑑𝑢
𝑃(|𝑑𝑥 | > 10) = 1 − 𝑃 ( ≤𝑍≤ )
𝜎𝑑 𝑥 𝜎𝑑 𝑥
−10 − (−10) 10 − (−10)
𝑃(|𝑑𝑥 | > 10) = 1 − 𝑃 ( ≤𝑍≤ )
3.416 3.416
𝑃(|𝑑𝑥 | > 10) = 1 − 𝑃(0.00 ≤ 𝑍 ≤ 5.85)
𝑃(|𝑑𝑥 | > 10) = 1 − 0.50

𝑷(|𝒅𝒙| > 𝟏𝟎) = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟎

EJERCICIO 5

𝑫𝑨𝑻𝑶𝑺: 𝑁 = 500, 𝑝 = 0.5, 𝑞 = 0.5, 𝜀 = ±0.08, (1 − 𝛼) = 0.980

 (1 − 𝛼) = 0.98
𝜶 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐

𝑍1−𝛼 = 𝑍 02 = 𝑍0.991
2 1−0. 2
𝒁𝟎.𝟗𝟗𝟏 = 𝟐. 𝟑𝟒

𝑍2 ∗ 𝑁 ∗ 𝑝 ∗ 𝑞
𝑛=
(𝑁 − 1) ∗ 𝜀 2 + 𝑍 2 ∗ 𝑝 ∗ 𝑞
2.342 ∗ 500 ∗ 0.5 ∗ 0.5
𝑛=
(500 − 1) ∗ 0.082 + 2.342 ∗ 0.5 ∗ 0.5

𝒏 = 𝟏𝟓𝟎 𝒉𝒆𝒍𝒂𝒅𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒂𝒔

EJERCICIO 7
̅ − 𝝁| ≤ 𝟎. 𝟓) ≥ 𝟎. 𝟗𝟓
𝑷(|𝑿
𝑫𝒂𝒅𝒂 𝒍𝒂 𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒖𝒍𝒂
𝑘∗𝜎
= 0.5
√𝑛
𝑘∗𝜎
= √𝑛
0.5
𝒌𝟐 ∗ 𝝈
𝒏=
𝟎. 𝟓𝟐
𝑫𝒂𝒅𝒂 𝒍𝒂 𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒖𝒍𝒂
1
1 − 2 = 0.95
𝑘

𝑘 2 = 20

𝑫𝒂𝒕𝒐𝒔: 𝒌𝟐 = 𝟐𝟎, 𝝈=𝟏

𝑘 2 ∗ 𝜎 20 ∗ 1
𝑛= =
0. 52 0. 52

𝒏 = 𝟖𝟎
EJERCICIO 9
1
𝑫𝑨𝑻𝑶𝑺: (1 − 𝛼) = 0.95, 𝜀 = 0.01, 𝜇 =
6
6 𝑒𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑔𝑎 6
𝑥{
≠ 6 𝑒𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑛𝑜 𝑠𝑎𝑙𝑔𝑎 6

1
, 𝑠𝑖 𝑥 = 6
𝑃(𝑥) = {6
5
, 𝑠𝑖 𝑥 ≠ 6
6
 Por distribución de Bernoulli Desigualdad de chebychev 𝜀 = 0.01
1 1 𝑝∗𝑞
𝐸(𝑥) = 𝜇 = 𝑃(|𝑦 − 𝜇| ≤ 𝜀) ≥ 1 − 2 𝜀 = 𝑘√
6 𝑘 𝑛
𝑉(𝑥) = 𝑝 ∗ 𝑞 1 2
𝑝∗𝑞
1 1 𝑃 (|𝑦 − | ≤ 0.01) ≥ 0.95 𝑘 ∗ = 0.012
6 𝑛
𝑉(𝑥) = ∗ (1 ∗ ) 1 5
6 6 1 − 2 = 0.95 𝑛 = 1002 ∗ 20 ∗
𝑘 36
5
𝑉(𝑥) = = 0.089 𝑘 2 = 20 𝒏 = 𝟐𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟖
56

EJERCICIO 11

𝑫𝑨𝑻𝑶𝑺: 𝜇1 = 𝜇2 = 𝜇, 𝜎1 = 12, 𝜎2 = 24, 𝑛1 = 36, 𝑛2 = 36

DADA LA FORMULA

𝝈𝟐𝟏 + 𝝈𝟐𝟐 𝝈𝟐𝟏 + 𝝈𝟐𝟐

𝝈̅𝒙̅̅𝟏̅∗𝒙̅̅̅𝟐̅ = √ ; 𝒁=
𝒏𝟏 + 𝒏𝟐 𝒏𝟏 + 𝒏𝟐

̅̅̅1 − ̅̅̅
𝑥 𝑥2 5 5
𝑃(𝑥
̅̅̅1 ∗ ̅̅̅
𝑥2 > 5) = 𝑃 ( > 2 )=𝑃 𝑍>
𝑛1 − 𝑛2 𝜎1 − 𝜎22
𝜎 2 + 𝜎22
√ 1
( 𝑛1 + 𝑛2 )

5
𝑃 𝑍> = 𝑃(𝑍 > 1.58) = 0.057
2 2
√12 + 24
( 36 + 36 )

̅̅̅𝟏 ∗ ̅̅̅
𝑷(𝒙 𝒙𝟐 > 𝟓) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟓𝟕 = 𝟓. 𝟕%
EJERCICIO 13

Demostración de T de Student

EJERCICIO 15

𝑫𝑨𝑻𝑶𝑺: 1 𝑐𝑎𝑗𝑎 = 80 𝑗𝑢𝑔𝑢𝑡𝑒, 1𝑐𝑎𝑗𝑎 = 𝑦, 𝜇 = 12 𝑜𝑛𝑧𝑎𝑠, 𝜎 = 4 𝑜𝑛𝑧𝑎𝑠

𝑷(𝟓𝟎 𝒍𝒊𝒃𝒓𝒂𝒔 < 𝒚 < 𝟕𝟎 𝒍𝒊𝒃𝒓𝒂𝒔)

𝑭𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓𝒆𝒔 𝒅𝒆 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒔𝒊ó𝒏
1 𝑜𝑛𝑧𝑎 = 0.0625 𝐿𝑖𝑏𝑟𝑎𝑠
1 𝑜𝑛𝑧𝑎
50 𝑙𝑖𝑏𝑟𝑎𝑠 ∗ = 800 𝑜𝑛𝑧𝑎𝑠
0.0625 𝑙𝑖𝑏𝑟𝑎
1 𝑜𝑛𝑧𝑎
70 𝑙𝑖𝑏𝑟𝑎𝑠 ∗ = 1120 𝑜𝑛𝑧𝑎𝑠
0.0625 𝑙𝑖𝑏𝑟𝑎
𝜇 = 80 ∗ 12 = 960 𝑜𝑛𝑧𝑎𝑠
𝜎 = 80 ∗ 4 = 320 𝑜𝑛𝑧𝑎𝑠

𝑃(800 𝑜𝑛𝑧𝑎𝑠 < 𝑦 < 1120 𝑜𝑛𝑧𝑎𝑠)

𝑥̅ − 𝜇 𝑥̅ − 𝜇 800 − 960 1120 − 960

𝑃( 𝜎 < 𝑍 < 𝜎 ) = 𝑃( <𝑍< )
320 32
√𝑛 √𝑛 √1 √1
𝑃(−0.5 < 𝑍 < 0.5) = 0.6915 − 0.3085

𝑷(𝟖𝟎𝟎 𝒐𝒏𝒛𝒂𝒔 < 𝒚 < 𝟏𝟏𝟐𝟎 𝒐𝒏𝒛𝒂𝒔) = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟖𝟑 = 𝟑𝟖. 𝟑%

EJERCICIO 17

𝑫𝑨𝑻𝑶𝑺: 𝜇 = 60 𝑘𝑔𝑟𝑠, 𝜎 = 10 𝑘𝑔𝑟𝑠, 𝑛 = 80 𝑓𝑎𝑟𝑑𝑜𝑠

 𝑃(80𝑥̅ > 5000𝑘𝑔𝑟𝑠) = 1 − 𝑃 (𝑥̅ ≤ 62.5 𝑘𝑔𝑟𝑠)
𝑥̅ − 𝜇
𝑃(80𝑥̅ > 5000𝑘𝑔𝑟𝑠) = 1 − 𝑃 (𝑍 ≤ 𝜎 )
√𝑛
62.5 − 60
𝑃(80𝑥̅ > 5000𝑘𝑔𝑟𝑠) = 1 − 𝑃 (𝑍 ≤ )
10
√80
𝑃(80𝑥̅ > 5000𝑘𝑔𝑟𝑠) = 1 − 𝑃(𝑍 ≤ 2.23601)
𝑃(80𝑥̅ > 5000𝑘𝑔𝑟𝑠) = 1 − 0.9875
̅ > 𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟎𝒌𝒈𝒓𝒔) = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟐𝟓 = 𝟏. 𝟐𝟓%
𝑷(𝟖𝟎𝒙
EJERCICIO 19

DATOS
𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑑𝑎 𝑡𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑠 𝑡𝑜𝑛
𝜇 = 500 ∗ = 500 ∗ 90 = 45000
𝑑𝑖𝑎 𝑑𝑖𝑎 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑚
𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑑𝑎 𝑡𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑠 𝑡𝑜𝑛
𝜎 = 50 = 50 ∗ 90 = 4500
𝑑𝑖𝑎 𝑑𝑖𝑎 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑚
𝑛 = 1 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒

𝝁 = 𝟒𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟎, 𝝈 = 𝟒𝟓𝟎𝟎, 𝒏=𝟏

𝑃(𝑥̅ > 50000 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑒) = 1 − 𝑃(𝑥̅ ≤ 50000 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑒)
𝑥̅ − 𝜇
𝑃(𝑥̅ > 50000 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑒) = 1 − 𝑃 (𝑍 ≤ 𝜎 )
√𝑛
50000 − 45000
𝑃(𝑥̅ > 50000 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑒) = 1 − 𝑃 (𝑍 ≤ )
4500
√1
𝑃(𝑥̅ > 50000 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑒) = 1 − 𝑃(𝑍 ≤ 1.1111)
𝑃(𝑥̅ > 50000 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑒) = 1 − 0.8665
̅ > 𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒕𝒐𝒏𝒆) = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟑𝟑𝟓 = 𝟏𝟑. 𝟑𝟓%
𝑷(𝒙