2-4 Transformations in the Plane

Identify the type of rigid motion shown as a reflection, translation, or rotation.

1. ​

SOLUTION:

The picture shows an object and its mirror image.

This is an example of a reflection.

ANSWER:
reflection

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2-4 Transformations in the Plane

2. ​

SOLUTION:

The picture shows a person moving through space.

This is an example of a translation.

ANSWER:
translation

3. ​

SOLUTION:

The picture shows an object turning around.

This is an example of a rotation.

ANSWER:
rotation

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4. ​

SOLUTION:

The picture shows a person riding a skateboard, moving through space in one direction.
This is an example of a translation.

ANSWER:
translation

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5. ​

SOLUTION:

Each vertex and its image can be connected by lines with the same length and slope. This is a translation.

ANSWER:
translation

6.

SOLUTION:

Each point and its image are the same distance from the x-axis. This is a reflection.

ANSWER:
reflection

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7. ​

SOLUTION:

Each vertex and its image are the same distance from the origin. The angles formed by each pair of corresponding
points and the origin are congruent. This is a rotation.

ANSWER:
rotation

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8. ​

SOLUTION:

Each point and its image are the same distance from the x-axis and the origin. The angles formed by each pair of
corresponding points and the origin are congruent. This is a reflection or a rotation.

ANSWER:
reflection or rotation

Triangle ABC has coordinates A(2, 0), B(−1, 5), and C(4, 3). Determine the coordinates of the vertices of
the image after each transformation.
9. reflection in x-axis
SOLUTION:
For a reflection in x-axis, multiply the y-coordinate of each vertex by −1.

ANSWER:
A'(2, 0), B'(−1, −5), and C'(4, −3)

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10. reflection in y-axis

SOLUTION:
For a reflection in y-axis, multiply the x-coordinate of each vertex by −1.

ANSWER:
A'(−2, 0), B'(1, 5), and C'(−4, 3)

11. translation along the vector

SOLUTION:
For a translation along the vector , add 0 to each x-coordinate and add 2 to each y-coordinate of each
vertex.

ANSWER:
A'(2, 2), B'(−1, 7), and C'(4, 5)

12. translation along the vector

SOLUTION:
For a translation along the vector , add 3 to each x-coordinate and subtract 4 from each y-coordinate of
each vertex.

ANSWER:
A'(5, −4), B'(2, 1), and C'(7, −1)

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13. rotation 180° about the origin

SOLUTION:
For a rotation 180° about the origin, multiply the x- and y-coordinate of each vertex by −1.

ANSWER:
A'(−2, 0), B'(1, −5), and C'(−4, −3)

14. rotation 90° counterclockwise about the origin

SOLUTION:
For a rotation 90° counterclockwise about the origin, multiply the y-coordinate by −1 and then interchange the x-
and y-coordinates.

ANSWER:
A'(0, 2), B'(−5, −1), and C'(−3, 4)

Triangle DEF has coordinates D(4, −1), E(5, 2), and F(1, 2). Determine the coordinates of the vertices of
the image after each transformation.
15. reflection in x-axis
SOLUTION:
For a reflection in x-axis, multiply the y-coordinate of each vertex by −1.

ANSWER:
D'(4, 1), E'(5, −2), and F'(1, −2)

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16. reflection in y-axis

SOLUTION:
For a reflection in y-axis, multiply the x-coordinate of each vertex by −1.

ANSWER:
D'(−4, −1), E'(−5, 2), and F'(−1, 2)

17. translation along the vector

SOLUTION:
For a translation along the vector , add 1to each x-coordinate and add 0 to each y-coordinate of each
vertex.

ANSWER:
D'(5, −1), E'(6, 2), and F'(2, 2)

18. translation along the vector

SOLUTION:
For a translation along the vector , subtract 3 from each x-coordinate and add 1 to each y-coordinate of
each vertex.

ANSWER:
D'(1, 0), E'(2, 3), and F'(−2, 3)

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19. rotation 180° about the origin

SOLUTION:
For a rotation 180° about the origin, multiply the x- and y-coordinate of each vertex by −1.

ANSWER:
D'(−4, 1), E'(−5, −2), and F'(−1, −2)

20. rotation 270° counterclockwise about the origin

SOLUTION:
For a rotation 270° counterclockwise about the origin, multiply the x-coordinate by −1 and then interchange the x-
and y-coordinates.

ANSWER:
D'(−1, −4), E'(2, −5), and F'(2, −1)

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21. AIR SHOW At a flight demonstration, two planes are flying in a synchronized pattern. The planes start their
demonstration at (–20, –15) and (10, –15). Describe the transformation that represents the planes’ flight pattern to
their final destinations at (–30, 20) and (0, 20).

SOLUTION:
Using the graph, each plane must go left 10 and up 35 to arrive at its destination. This is a translation along vector
.

ANSWER:
translation along vector

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22. OFFICE Francesca draws a plan of her office before she rearranges the furniture. She decides to reflect the entire
room over a vertical line through the center of the drawing of the room.

Which is the reflected plan?

A. B. C.

SOLUTION:
Since the line of reflection is vertical, each piece of furniture will be the same distance away from the line left to
right with the same orientation as the preimage. Plan A meets these conditions.

ANSWER:
A

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23. BASKETBALL James spins a basketball on his finger and then passes the ball to his friend.

a. What type of transformation is used when James spins the basketball on his finger?

b. What type of transformation is used to pass the basketball?

SOLUTION:
a. Since the basketball is spinning, it is a rotation.

b. Passing the basketball moves it horizontally from one location to another which is a translation.

ANSWER:
a. rotation
b. translation

24. COMBINATION LOCKS Benicio locks his safe by setting each of the three dials to 8. To unlock the safe, he
turns the left dial 90° counterclockwise, the middle dial 270° clockwise, and the right dial 180° counterclockwise.
Which three numbers, in order, unlock the safe?

SOLUTION:
Rotating the left dial 90° or -turn counterclockwise moves the dial so that 2 is at the top. Rotating the middle

dial 270° or -turn clockwise moves the dial so that 2 is at the top. Rotating the right dial 180° or -turn

counterclockwise moves the dial so that 4 is at the top. The result is a combination of 2-2-4 to unlock the safe.

ANSWER:
2-2-4

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2-4 Transformations in the Plane

25. BEEKEEPING A beekeeper uses a frame of partial honeycomb cells that bees fill with honey and complete with
wax. When the honey is ready for harvest, the beekeeper turns the tap allowing the honey to flow out of the hive
without disturbing the bees. By what transformation are the sides of the partial honeycomb cells related when the
tap is closed? when the tap is open?

Tap Closed Tap Open

SOLUTION:

The sides of the cells are a mirror image when the tap is closed so the sides are a reflection. One side of the cells
moves down when the tap is open so that is a translation.

ANSWER:
reflection; translation

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2-4 Transformations in the Plane

Find the coordinates of the figure with the given coordinates after the transformation on the plane. Then
graph the preimage and image.
26. preimage: J(−3, 0), K(−2, 4), L(−1, 0), image: triangle QRS, translation of JKL along vector

SOLUTION:
For a translation along the vector , add 5 to each x-coordinate and subtract 4 from each y-coordinate of
each vertex.

ANSWER:

Q(2, −4), R(3, 0), S(4, −4)

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27. preimage: A(1, 3), B(1, 1), C(4, 1), image: triangle DEF, rotation of ABC 270° counterclockwise about the origin
SOLUTION:
For a rotation 270° counterclockwise about the origin, multiply the x-coordinate by −1 and then interchange the x-
and y-coordinates.

ANSWER:

D(3, −1), E(1, −1), F(1, −4)

28. FIND THE ERROR Saurabh and Elena visit a craft fair and notice a quilt with a pattern. Saurabh claims the
pattern is made using translations. Elena believes that the pattern is made using rotations. Who is correct? Justify
your argument.

SOLUTION:
Elena; sample answer: The triangles shown in the pattern appear to be made using translations but the outlined
hexagonal patterns are created using rotations.

ANSWER:
Elena; sample answer: The triangles shown in the pattern appear to be made using translations but the outlined
hexagonal patterns are created using rotations.

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29. The vertices of △ABC are A(–1, 1), B(4, 2), and C(1, 5). The vertices of △DEF are D(–1, –1), E(4, –2), and
F(1, –5) such that △ABC ≅ △DEF. Identify the congruence transformation.

SOLUTION:
It is given information that the two triangles are congruent. By comparing the congruent vertices, it is determined
that each y-coordinate in the image is the opposite of the y-coordinate in the preimage which means the
congruence transformation is a reflection in the x-axis.

ANSWER:
reflection in the x-axis

30. STRUCTURE has endpoints X(–5, 6) and Y(0, 4), the image of has the endpoints X'(6, 5) and Y'(4, 0),
and . Identify the transformation.

SOLUTION:
By inspection of the endpoints and its image, it is determined that the image has taken the opposite of the
y-coordinate and interchanged the x- and y-coordinates. This transformation is a rotation of 270° about the origin.

ANSWER:
rotation of 270° about the origin

31. STRUCTURE The vertices of quadrilateral FGHJ are F(2, –3), G(–2, –5), H(–3, 6), and J(3, 5). The vertices
of quadrilateral KLMN are K(5, –5), L(1, –7), M(0, 4), and N(6, 3) such that FGHJ ≅ KLMN. If quadrilateral
FGHJ is the preimage and
quadrilateral KLMN is the image, identify the transformation.

SOLUTION:
By inspection of the congruent vertices it is determined that the x-coordinate of each vertex increases by 3 and the
y-coordinate of each vertex decreases by 2. This transformation is a translation 3 units right and 2 units down.

ANSWER:
translation 3 units right and 2 units down

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32. ANALYZE The image of △ABC reflected in the y-axis is △A'B'C'.

a. Describe the result of reflecting △A'B'C' in the y-axis. Explain.

b. Describe the result of reflecting △A'B'C' in the x-axis. Explain.

SOLUTION:
a. △ABC; Sample answer: To find the coordinates of the vertices of △A'B'C', you would multiply the x-
coordinates of the vertices of △ABC by –1. To find the coordinates of the vertices of the reflection of △A'B'C',
you would multiply the x-coordinates of the vertices by –1. Because (–1)(–1) = 1, the coordinates of the vertices
of the image are the same as the coordinates of the vertices of △ABC.

b. This reflection results in a 180° rotation of △ABC about the origin. To find the coordinates of the vertices of
△A'B'C', you would multiply x-coordinates of the vertices of △ABC by –1. To find the coordinates of the
vertices of the reflection of △A'B'C' in the x-axis, you would multiply y-coordinates of the vertices by –1. If a
vertex of △ABC has coordinates (x, y), then the coordinates of the image of that point would have coordinates
(–x, –y). Those coordinates describe a 180° rotation about the origin.

ANSWER:
a. △ABC; Sample answer: To find the coordinates of the vertices of △A'B'C', you would multiply the x-
coordinates of the vertices of △ABC by –1. To find the coordinates of the vertices of the reflection of △A'B'C',
you would multiply the x-coordinates of the vertices by –1. Because (–1)(–1) = 1, the coordinates of the vertices
of the image are the same as the coordinates of the vertices of △ABC.

b. This reflection results in a 180° rotation of △ABC about the origin. To find the coordinates of the vertices of
△A'B'C', you would multiply x-coordinates of the vertices of △ABC by –1. To find the coordinates of the
vertices of the reflection of △A'B'C' in the x-axis, you would multiply y-coordinates of the vertices by –1. If a
vertex of △ABC has coordinates (x, y), then the coordinates of the image of that point would have coordinates
(–x, –y). Those coordinates describe a 180° rotation about the origin.

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33. FIND THE ERROR Antwan and Diamond are finding the coordinates of the image of P(2, 3) after a reflection
in the x-axis. Is either of them correct? Explain your reasoning.

Antwan Diamond
P'(2, −3) P'(−2, 3)

SOLUTION:

When you reflect a point across the x-axis, the reflected point is in the same place horizontally, but not vertically.
When (2, 3) is reflected across the x-axis, the coordinates of the reflected point are (2, −3) because it is in the
same location horizontally, but the other side of the x-axis vertically.

So, Antwan is correct.

ANSWER:
Antwan is correct; sample answer: When you reflect a point across the x-axis, the reflected point is in the same
place horizontally, but not vertically. When (2, 3) is reflected across the x-axis, the coordinates of the reflected
point are (2, −3) because it is in the same location horizontally, but the other side of the x-axis vertically.

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34. WRITE In the diagram, △DEF is called a glide reflection of △ABC. Based on the diagram, define a glide
reflection. Explain your reasoning.

SOLUTION:
Sample answer: A glide reflection is a reflection over a line and then a translation in a direction that is parallel to the
line of reflection.

ANSWER:
Sample answer: A glide reflection is a reflection over a line and then a translation in a direction that is parallel to the
line of reflection.

35. CREATE Draw a polygon on the coordinate plane that when reflected in the y-axis looks exactly like the original
figure.
SOLUTION:
Sample answer:

ANSWER:
Sample answer:

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36. ANALYZE Is the reflection of a figure in the x-axis equivalent to the rotation of that same figure 180° about the
origin? Explain.

SOLUTION:
No; sample answer: When a figure is reflected in the x-axis, the x-coordinates of the transformed figure remain the
same, the
y-coordinates are negated. When a figure is rotated 180° about the origin, both the x- and y-coordinates are
negated. Therefore, the
transformations are not equivalent.

ANSWER:
No; sample answer: When a figure is reflected in the x-axis, the x-coordinates of the transformed figure remain the
same, the
y-coordinates are negated. When a figure is rotated 180° about the origin, both the x- and y-coordinates are
negated. Therefore, the
transformations are not equivalent.

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