8-3 Rotations

1. Polygon EFGH has vertices E(−1, 3), F(1, 4), G(3, 3), and H(0, 0). Graph the figure and its image after a
clockwise rotation of 90° about vertex H. Then write the coordinates of polygon E′F′G′H′.

SOLUTION:
Graph the figure. Use a protractor to measure an angle of 90° with E as one point on the ray and H as the vertex.
Mark off a point the same length as EH. Label this point E′ as shown. Repeat this process for the points F and G.
Because H is the point at which EFGH is rotated, H′ will be in the same position as H. Connect the figure.

Use the graph to write the coordinates of the vertices of the image: E′(3, 1), F′(4, −1), G′(3, −3), and H′(0, 0).

ANSWER:

E′(3, 1), F′(4, −1), G′(3, −3), H′(0, 0)

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8-3 Rotations

2. Triangle XYZ has vertices X(−2, −1), Y(0, 2), and Z(2, −1). Graph the figure and its image after a clockwise
rotation of 180° about vertex Z. Then write the coordinates of △X′Y′Z′.

SOLUTION:
Graph the figure. Use a protractor to measure an angle of 180° with Y as one point on the ray and Z as the vertex.
Mark off a point the same length as YZ. Label this point Y′ as shown. Repeat this process for the point X. Since Z
is the point at which triangle XYZ is rotated, Z′ will be in the same position as Z. Connect the triangle.

Use the graph to write the coordinates of the vertices of the image: X′(6, −1), Y′(4, −4), and Z′(2, −1).

ANSWER:

X′(6, −1), Y′(4, −4), Z′(2, −1)

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8-3 Rotations

3. Triangle QRS has vertices Q(−2, 2), R(−3, −4), and S(1, −2). Write the coordinate notation for each rotation
given. Then write the coordinates of △Q′R′S′ after each rotation.

clockwise rotation of 180° about the origin

SOLUTION:
Write the coordinate notation for a clockwise rotation of 180° about the origin.
The x- and y-coordinates of the image are opposites of the x- and y-coordinates of the preimage.
(x, y) → (−x, −y)

Write the coordinates.

Q(−2, 2) → Q′(2, −2)
R(−3, −4) → R′(3, 4)
S(1, −2) → S′(−1, 2)

ANSWER:
(x, y) → (−x, −y); Q′(2, −2), R′(3, 4), S′(−1, 2)

4. Triangle QRS has vertices Q(−2, 2), R(−3, −4), and S(1, −2). Write the coordinate notation for each rotation
given. Then write the coordinates of △Q′R′S′ after each rotation.

clockwise rotation of 270° about the origin

SOLUTION:
Write the coordinate notation for a clockwise rotation of 270° about the origin.
The x-coordinate of the image is the opposite of the y-coordinate of the preimage. The y-coordinate of the image
is the same as the x-coordinate of the preimage.
(x, y) → (−y, x)

Write the coordinates.

Q(−2, 2) → Q′(−2, −2)
R(−3, −4) → R′(4, −3)
S(1, −2) → S′(2, 1)

ANSWER:
(x, y) → (−y, x); Q′(−2, −2), R′(4, −3), S′(2, 1)

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8-3 Rotations

5. Use coordinate notation to describe the rotation. Then determine the angle of rotation. Assume the rotation is
clockwise about the origin.

SOLUTION:
Compare the coordinates of the original figure and its image.
Write the coordinates.
J(−4, 4) → J′(4, 4)
K(−1, 3) → K′(3, 1)
L(−2, 1) → L′(1, 2)

Notice that the x-coordinate of the image is the same as the y-coordinate of the preimage. The y-coordinate of the
image is the opposite of the x-coordinate of the preimage.
(x, y) → (y, −x)
So, it is a 90° clockwise rotation about the origin.

ANSWER:
(x, y) → (y, −x); 90°

6. Equation Editor Point Z is located at Z(1, −2). Write the coordinates of the point after a clockwise rotation of
90° about the origin.

SOLUTION:
The coordinate notation of 90° about the origin is (x, y) → (y, −x).
Z(1, −2) → Z'(−2, −1)

ANSWER:
Z'(−2, −1)

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8-3 Rotations

7. Before rearranging her dining room furniture, Cathie made a diagram of the current arrangement. She drew
rectangle ABCD to represent a china cabinet with vertices A(2, 8), B(10, 8), C(10, 1), and D(2, 1). She moved
the cabinet twice, first translating it 2 units right and 1 unit down, then rotating it 90° clockwise about the origin.
What are the coordinates of the vertices of the final image after these transformations are applied?
SOLUTION:
Find the coordinates after the first translation of 2 units right and 1 unit down:
(x + 2, y − 1).
A(2, 8) → A'(4, 7)
B(10, 8) → B'(12, 7)
C(10, 1) → C'(12, 0)
D(2, 1) → D'(4, 0)

Next find the coordinates after rotating it 90° clockwise about the origin: (x, y) → (y, −x).
A'(4, 7) → A′′(7, −4)
B'(12, 7) → B′′(7, −12)
C'(12, 0) → C′′(0, −12)
D'(4, 0) → D''(0, −4)

ANSWER:
A′′(7, -4), B′′(7, -12), C′′(0, -12), D′′(0, -4)

8. Before rearranging his game room, Carlos made a diagram of the current arrangement. He drew rectangle ABCD
to represent a tennis table with vertices A(1, 1), B(1, 12), C(8, 12), and D(8, 1). He moved the table twice, first
translating it 3 units left and 2 units up, then rotating it 270° clockwise about the origin. What are the coordinates of
the vertices of the final image after these transformations are applied?
SOLUTION:
Find the coordinates after the first translation of 3 units left and 2 units up:
(x − 3, y + 2).

A(1, 1) → A'(−2, 3)
B(1, 12) → B'(−2, 14)
C(8, 12) → C'(5, 14)
D(8, 1) → D'(5, 3)

Next find the coordinates after rotating it 270° clockwise about the origin: (x, y) → (−y, x).
A'(−2, 3) → A′′(−3, −2)
B'(−2, 14) → B′′(−14, −2)
C'(5, 14) → C′′(−14, 5)
D'(5, 3) → D′′(−3, 5)

ANSWER:
A′′(−3, −2), B′′(−14, −2), C′′(−14, 5), D′′(−3, 5)

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9. Justify Conclusions A classmate concludes that the image of a figure rotated 270° clockwise will have the same
coordinates as the image of the same figure rotated 90° counterclockwise. Is your classmate correct? Write an
argument that can be used to defend your solution.
SOLUTION:
A figure can rotate a total of 360°. A clockwise rotation of 270° leaves 90° remaining in the rotation before
returning to its original position. The original figure could be rotated 90° in the opposite direction,
counterclockwise, and be in the same position as the figure rotated 270°.

ANSWER:
Yes; Sample answer: A figure can rotate a total of 360°. A clockwise rotation of 270° leaves 90° remaining in the
rotation before returning to its original position. The original figure could be rotated 90° in the opposite direction,
counterclockwise, and be in the same position as the figure rotated 270°.

10. Model with Mathematics A figure is rotated 270° counterclockwise about the origin. Then the image is rotated
90° counterclockwise about the origin. Complete the coordinate notation that represents the series of rotations.
What can you conclude about the position of the figure after the series of rotations?

SOLUTION:
(x, y) →(x, −y) →(x, y); Sample answer: The total rotation is 360°, so the figure is in its original position.

ANSWER:
(x, y) →(x, −y) →(x, y); Sample answer: The total rotation is 360°, so the figure is in its original position.

11. Reason Inductively Determine whether the following statement is always, sometimes, or never true. Write an
argument that can be used to defend your solution.

A figure and its rotated image will have the same area, but different perimeters.
SOLUTION:
A figure and its rotated image are congruent, so they will always have the same area and perimeter.

ANSWER:
never; Sample answer: A figure and its rotated image are congruent, so they will always have the same area and
perimeter.

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