ICE ELECS 1 a fuse is not necessary

1. In a certain five-step R/2R ladder network, the smallest 10 A

resistor value is 1 kΩ. The largest value is 24 A
2 kΩ 20 A
10 kΩ
20 kΩ 11. A circuit breaker is a
indeterminable resistor
switch
2. Which of the following is not an electrical quantity? resettable protective device
power fuse
voltage
distance 12. A resistor is connected across a 50 V source. What is the
current current in the resistor if the color code is red, orange, orange,
silver?
3. The number of megaohms in 0.03 kilohms is 214 mA
0.0002 MΩ 21.4 mA
0.00002 MΩ 2.2 mA
3 × 10–5 MΩ 2 mA
either 0.00002 MΩ or 0.0002 MΩ
13. You are measuring the current in a circuit that is operated on
4. The minimum resistance value for a blue, gray, red, silver an 18 V battery. The ammeter reads 40 mA. Later you notice the
resistor is current has dropped to 20 mA. How much has the voltage
6,460Ω changed?
612Ω 18 V
6,120Ω 9V
6,800Ω 0V
900 mV
5. A thermistor is a type of
power supply 14. Four amperes of current are measured through a 24Ω resistor
resistor connected across a voltage source. How much voltage does the
battery source produce?
switch 960 V
8V
6. A two-terminal variable resistor is known as a 9.6 V
wiper 96 V
rheostat
thermistor 15. A 120V lamp-dimming circuit is controlled by a rheostat and
potentiometer protected from excessive current by a 3A fuse. To what minimum
resistance value can the rheostat be set without blowing the fuse?
7. Eight-tenths coulomb passes a point in 4 s. The current in Lamp resistance is 20 ohms.
amperes is 4Ω
16 A 20Ω
1.6 A 2Ω
2A 40Ω
0.2 A
16. When the pointer of an analog ohmmeter reads close to zero,
8. The colored bands for a 4,700 ohm resistor with a ten percent the resistor being measured is
tolerance are open
yellow, violet, red, silver reversed
yellow, violet, red, gold overheated
yellow, violet, orange, gold shorted
orange, violet, red, silver
17. A certain appliance uses 350 W. If it is allowed to run
9. A wiper is the sliding contact in a continuously for 24 days, how many kilowatt-hours of energy does
Thermistor it consume?
switch 8.4 kWh
potentiometer 201.6 kWh
photoconductive cell 20.16 kWh
2.01 kWh
10. The current in a given circuit is not to exceed 24 A. Which
value of fuse is best? 18. 120Ω resistor must carry a maximum current of 25 mA. Its
rating should be at least
 15 mW
4.8 W at the negative terminal of the source
150 mW between the third and fourth resistors
480 mW at any point in the circuit
between the second and third resistors
19. The power rating of a carbon-composition resistor that is to
handle up to 1.2 W should be 27. An ammeter has an internal resistance of 50Ω. The meter
2W movement itself can handle up to 1 mA. If 10 mA is applied to the
0.5 W meter, the shunt resistor, RSH1, is approximately
5W 9Ω
1W 55Ω
50Ω
20. A string of five series resistors is connected across a 6 V 5.5Ω
battery. Zero voltage is measured across all resistors except R3.
The voltage across R3 is 28. Three lights are connected in parallel across a 120 volt source.
1.2 V If one light burns out,
0.6 V the remaining two will glow dimmer
0V the remaining two will not light
6V the remaining two will glow brighter
the remaining two will glow with the same brightness as before
21. A certain series circuit consists of a 1/8 W resistor, a 1/4 W
resistor, and a 1/2 W resistor. The total resistance is 1200Ω. If 29. Four 8Ω speakers are connected in parallel to the output of an
each resistor is operating at its maximum power dissipation, audio amplifier. If the maximum voltage to the speakers is 12 V,
total current flow is the amplifier must be able to deliver to the speakers
19 mA 18 W
190 mA 72 W
27 mA 48 W
2.7 mA 1.5 W

22. Which of the following series combinations dissipates the 30. In a certain three-branch parallel circuit, R1 has 12 mA through
most power when connected across a 120 V source? it, R2 has 15 mA through it, and R3 has 25 mA through it. After
one 220Ω resistor measuring a total of 27 mA, you can say that
four 220Ω resistors the circuit is operating properly
three 220Ω resistors R1 is open
two 220Ω resistors R3 is open
R2 is open
23. When one of three series resistors is removed from a circuit
and the circuit is reconnected, the current 31. A sudden increase in the total current into a parallel circuit
increases may indicate
decreases by the amount of current through the removed either a drop in source voltage or an open resistor
resistor an increase in source voltage
increases by one-third a drop in source voltage
decreases by one-third an open resistor

24. Two resistors are in series: a 5.6 kΩ resistor and a 4.7 kΩ 32. Four resistors are connected in parallel. Fifteen mA flows
resistor. The voltage drop across the 5.6 kΩ resistor is 10 V. The through resistor R. If the second resistor is 2R, the third resistor
voltage across the 4.7 kΩ resistor is 3R, and the fourth resistor 4R, the total current in the circuit is
0V 135 mA
8.39 V 31.25 mA
2.32 V 15 mA
10 V 60 mA

25. Five resistors are connected in a series and there is a 33. Six resistors are in parallel. The two lowest-value resistors are
current of 3 A into the first resistor. The amount of current into both 1.2 kΩ. The total resistance
the second resistor is is less than 600Ω
3A is less than 6 kΩ
0.3 A is less than 1.2 kΩ
4A is greater than 1.2 kΩ
1A
34. In a five-branch parallel circuit, there are 12 mA of current in
26. To measure the current of the second resistor in a circuit of each branch. If one of the branches opens, the current in each of
four resistors, an ammeter can be placed the other four branches is
 42. A voltage divider consists of two 100 kΩ resistors and a 12 V
0A source. What will the output voltage be if a load resistor of 1 MΩ is
48 mA connected to the output?
12 mA 5.7 V
15 mA 6V
12 V
35. The output of a certain voltage divider is 12 V with no load. 0.57 V
When a load is connected, the output voltage
increases 43. Find the Thevenin equivalent (VTH and RTH) between
becomes zero terminals A and B of the circuit given.
decreases
remains the same

36. A certain Wheatstone bridge has the following resistor

values: R1 = 10 kΩ, R2 = 720Ω , and R4 = 2.4 kΩ. The unknown
resistance is
24Ω
300Ω
3000Ω
2.4Ω

37. A certain voltage divider consists of two 12 kΩ resistors in 41.67 V, 70Ω

series. Which of the following load resistors will have the most 41.6 V, 120Ω
effect on the output voltage? 4.16 V, 70Ω
24 kΩ 4.16 V, 120Ω
18 kΩ
1 MΩ 44. A 120 V voltage source has a source resistance, RS, of 60Ω. The
12 kΩ equivalent current source is
4A
38. On which of the following voltage range settings will a 2A
voltmeter present the minimum load on a circuit? 400 mA
500 V 200 mA
1,000 V
50 V 45. A 2Ω RL is connected across a voltage source, VS, of 110 V. The
1V source's internal resistance is 24Ω. What is the output voltage
across the load?
39. The parallel combination of a 6.8 kΩ resistor and a 10 kΩ 0V
resistor is in series with the parallel combination of a 2.2 kΩ 85 V
resistor and a 1 kΩ resistor. A 100 V source is connected across 8.5 V
the circuit. The resistor(s) with the greatest voltage drop is (are) 110 V
6.8 kΩ and 10 kΩ
6.8 kΩ 46. Determine IN for the circuit consisting of VS, R1, R2, and R3
2.2 kΩ and 1 kΩ shown in the given circuit.
2.2 kΩ

40. When load resistance is removed from the output of voltage

divider circuit, current drawn from the source
increases
remains the same
decreases
is cut off

41. A 12 kΩ resistor, a 15 kΩ resistor, and a 22 kΩ resistor are in 431 mA

series with two 10 kΩ resistors that are in parallel. The source 75 mA
voltage is 75 V. Current through the 15 kΩ resistor is 676 mA
approximately 245 mA
14 mA
1.4 mA
5 mA
50 mA
47. What is the Thevenin equivalent (VTH and RTH) for the 173 mA
circuit given? 3.19 A
319 mA
1.73 A

52. Find the node voltage VA.

6.4 V, 422
6.4 V, 560
6.4 V, 680
30 V, 422
48. The voltage and current for the load resistor, RL, of the
circuit is 9.56 V
5.18 V
956 m
518 mv

53. In assigning the direction of branch currents,

they must point out of a node
they must point into a node
the directions are not critical
the directions are critical
450 mV, 4.5 mA
450 mV, 45 mA 54. What is the voltage drop across R1?
4.50 V, 45 mA
4.50 V, 4.5 mA
49. A 12 mA current source has an internal resistance, RS, of 1.2
kΩ. The equivalent voltage source is
72 mV
144 V
7.2 V
14.4 V
50. Find the Norton circuit, that is, IIN and RN, for the circuit
given below.
7.82 V
918 mV
9.18 V
850 mV

55. What is the voltage drop across R2?

478 mA, 12.8Ω

478 mA, 6.8Ω
750 mA, 6.8Ω
750 mA, 12.8Ω
51. What is the current through R2?

145 mV
1.5 V
3.5 V
4.18 V
56. Using the mesh current method, find the branch current, hysteresis
IR1, in the above figure.
64. An electromagnetic field exists only when there is
current
an increasing current
voltage
decreasing current

65. If a loop in a basic dc generator suddenly begins rotating at a

faster speed, the induced voltage
decreases
12.5 A
remains unchanged
135 mA
increases
115 mA
reverses polarity
12.5 mA
66. One sine wave has a positive-going zero crossing at 15° and
57. The branch current method uses
another sine wave has a positive-going zero crossing at 55°. The
Thevenin's theorem and Ohm's law
phase angle between the two waveforms is
Kirchhoff's current law and Ohm's law
40°
Kirchhoff's voltage and current laws
none of the above
the superposition theorem and Thevenin's theorem
45°
0°
58. For a given wirewound core, an increase in current through
the coil
67. If the rms current through a 4.7 k resistor is 4 mA, the peak
causes no change in flux density
voltage drop across the resistor is
increases the flux density
2.66 V
decreases the flux density
4V
reverses the flux lines
18.8 V
26.6 V
59. What is the reluctance of a material that has a length of 0.07
m, a cross-sectional area of 0.014 m2, and permeability of 4,500
68. A sinusoidal current has an rms value of 14 mA. The peak-to-
uWb/At × m?
peak value is
11 At/Wb
16 mA
1 At/Wb
45.12 mA
1111 At/Wb
39.6 mA
111 At/Wb
22.6 mA
60. The unit for reluctance is
69. A sine wave of 15 kHz is changing at a faster rate than a sine
At/Wb
wave with a frequency of
Wb
12 kHz
At/m
18 kHz
tesla
25 kHz
1.3 MHz
61. A basic one-loop dc generator is rotated at 90 rev/s. How
many times each second does the dc output voltage peak (reach
70. A sawtooth wave has a period of 10 ms. Its frequency is
maximum)?
50 Hz
270
10 Hz
180
100 Hz
90
1,000 Hz
360
71. A square wave has a period of 60us. The first odd harmonic is
62. What is the magnetomotive force in a 75-turn coil of wire
500 kHz
when there are 4 A of current through it?
33.33 kHz
18.75 At
50 kHz
30 At
5 kHz
187 At
300 At
72. waveform has a baseline of 3 V, a duty cycle of 20%, and an
amplitude of 8 V. The average voltage value is
63. The ability of a material to remain magnetized after removal
4V
of the magnetizing force is known as
1.6 V
permeability
11 V
retentivity
4.6 V
reluctance
73. The average half-cycle value of a sine wave with a 40 V peak 81. When the plate area of a capacitor increases,
is the capacitance increases
50.96 V the voltage it can withstand increases.
14.14 V the capacitance is unaffected
6.37 V the capacitance decreases
25.48 V
82. A 2 mH, a 3.3 mH, and a 0.2 mH inductor are connected in
74. A capacitor and a resistor are connected in series to a sine series. The total inductance is
wave generator. The frequency is set so that the capacitive less than 5.5 mH
reactance is equal to the resistance and, thus, an equal amount less than 0.2 mH
of voltage appears across each component. If the frequency is 55 mH
increased 5.5 mH
VR > VC
VC > VR 83. The voltage across a coil when di/dt = 20 mA/us and L = 8 uH is
VR = VC 2.5 mV
VR and VC = 0 1.6 mV
160 mV
75. Four 0.15 uF capacitors are in parallel. The total capacitance 16 mV
is
0.30 uF 84. Two inductors, L1 and L2, are in parallel. L1 has a value of 25
0.15 uF uH and L2 a value of 50 uH. The parallel combination is in series
0.6 uF with L3, a 20 uH coil. The entire combination is across an ac source
0.8 uF of 60 Vrms at 300 kHz. The total rms current is
870 mA
76. A 220Ω resistor is in series with a 2.2 uF capacitor. The time 337 mA
constant is 87 A
24 us 87 mA
480 us
2.42 us 85. The winding resistance of a coil can be increased by
48 us increasing the number of turns or using thinner wire
changing the core material
77. A sine wave voltage is applied across a capacitor. If the using a thinner wire
frequency of the voltage is decreased, the current increasing the number of turns
increases
decreases 86. When the current through an inductor decreases, the amount
remains constant of energy stored in the electromagnetic field
ceases doubles
remains the same
78. Of the following capacitors, which one has the highest increases
dielectric constant? decreases
air
paper 87. A switch, a 220Ω resistor, and a 60 mH inductor are in series
mica across a 20 V battery. What is the current through the inductor
glass two time constants after the switch is closed?
91 mA
79. A 330 pF capacitor and a 220 pF capacitor are each 400 mA
connected across a 6 V dc source. The voltage across the 330 pF 57 mA
capacitor is 78 mA
3V
6V 88. The inductance of an iron-core coil decreases if
0V none of the above
4V the number of turns is decreased
the iron core is removed
80. An uncharged capacitor and a 1 k resistor are connected in the length of the coil decreases
series with a switch and a 6 V battery. At the instant the switch
is closed, the voltage across the capacitor is 89. When the current through an inductor is cut in half, the
6V amount of energy stored in the electromagnetic field
2V quadruples
0V doubles
3V is quartered
does not change
90. When the turns ratio of a transformer is 20 and the primary 4 units below the origin on the j axis
ac voltage is 12 V, the secondary voltage is 4 units left of the origin on the real axis
2,400 V
240 V 99. In a series RC circuit, 12 V(rms) is measured across the resistor
120 V and 15 V(rms) is measured across the capacitor. The rms source
12 V voltage is
19.2 V
91. To step 110 V ac down to 20 V ac, the turns ratio must be 3V
5.5 1.9 V
0.018 27 V
0.18
18 100. When the frequency of the source voltage decreases, the
impedance of a parallel RC circuit
92. If 25 W of power are applied to the primary of an ideal does not change
transformer with a turns ratio of 10, the power delivered to the decreases to zero
secondary load is increases
250 W decreases
0W 101. In a parallel RC circuit, there is 100 mA through the resistive
2.5 W branch and 100 mA through the capacitive branch. The total rms
25 W current is
100 mA
93. In a certain loaded transformer, the secondary voltage is 141 mA
one-fourth the primary voltage. The secondary current is 282 mA
equal to the primary current 200 mA
four times the primary current
one-fourth the primary current and equal to the primary 102. When the frequency of the voltage applied to a series RC
current circuit is increased, the phase angle
one-fourth the primary current becomes erratic
remains the same
94. The primary winding of a power transformer should always increases
be decreases
shorted
fused 103. A 12 kΩ resistor is in series with a 0.02 uF capacitor across a
switched 1.2 kHz ac source. If the current is expressed in polar form as I =
open 0.3∠0° mA, what is the source voltage expressed in polar form?
4.11 V
95. The primary of a transformer is connected to a 6 V battery. 45.6 V
The turns ratio is 1:3 and the secondary load, RL, is 100Ω. The 0.411 V
voltage across the load is 411.3 V
6V
0V 104. A 47Ω resistor and a capacitor with 150Ω of capacitive
18 V reactance are in series across an ac source. The impedance,
2V expressed in rectangular form, is
Z = 103Ω
96. What is the coefficient of coupling for a transformer in Z = 47Ω – j150Ω
which 4% of the total flux generated in the primary does not Z = 197Ω
pass through the secondary? Z = 47Ω + j150Ω
0.4
4 105. When the frequency of the voltage applied to a series RC
9.6 circuit is decreased, the impedance
0.96 increases
doubles
97. A transformer has a 1:6 turns ratio and a secondary coil load remains the same
resistance of 470Ω. The load resistance as seen by the source is decreases
13 Ω
7.8 Ω 106. In a series RL circuit, 12 V rms is measured across the resistor,
1.3 Ω and 14 V rms is measured across the inductor. The peak value of
78 Ω the source voltage is
26.0 V
98. Point +4 on the complex plane is 18.4 V
4 units right of the origin on the real axis 2V
4 units above the origin on the j axis 20 V
107. When the frequency is decreased, the impedance of a cannot be determined
parallel RL circuit is 230
remains constant is 170
increases is 200
decreases
is not a factor 116. A 90Ω resistor, a coil with 30Ω of reactance, and a capacitor
with 50Ω of reactance are in series across a 12 V ac source. The
108. A 12 kΩ resistor is in series with a 90 mH coil across an 8 current through the resistor is
kHz ac source. Current flow in the circuit, expressed in polar 9 mA
form, is I = 0.3∠0° mA. The source voltage, expressed in polar 0 mA
form, is 13 mA
12.8∠20.6° V 130 mA
13.84∠69.4° V
3.84∠20.6° V 117. A 24Ω resistor, an inductor with a reactance of 120Ω , and a
0.3∠20.6° V capacitor with a reactance of 120Ω are in series across a 60 V
source. The circuit is at resonance. The voltage across the inductor
109. In a parallel RL circuit, there are 3 A rms in the resistive is
branch and 3 A rms in the inductive branch. The total rms 30 V
current is 60 V
42.4 A 660 V
6A 300 V
4.24 A
424 mA 118. To tune a parallel resonant circuit to a higher frequency, the
capacitance should be
110. When the resistor voltage in a series RL circuit becomes replaced with inductance
less than the inductor voltage, the phase angle increased
decreases decreased
increases left alone
is not affected
cannot be determined 119. A certain series resonant circuit has a bandwidth of 2 kHz. If
the existing coil is replaced with one having a higher value of Q,
111. When the frequency of the voltage applied to a series RL the bandwidth will
circuit is increased, the phase angle be less selective
cannot be determined without values decrease
increases increase
does not change remain the same
decreases
120. In a series resonant band-pass filter, a lower value of Q results
112. If the frequency is halved and the resistance is doubled, the in
impedance of a series RL circuit a smaller bandwidth
remains constant a higher resonant frequency
cannot be determined without values a higher impedance
halves a larger bandwidth
doubles
121. An RL high-pass filter consists of a 470Ω resistor and a 600
113. A 15Ω resistor, a 220 uH coil, and a 60 pF capacitor are in mH coil. The output is taken across the coil. The circuit's critical
series across an ac source. What is the bandwidth of the circuit? frequency is
138 kHz 5,644 Hz
10,866 Hz 1,250 Hz
1,907 Hz 125 Hz
138 MHz 564 Hz

114. The impedance at the resonant frequency of a series RLC 122. A series resonant band-pass filter consists of a 2 mH coil, a
circuit with L = 20 mH, C = 0.02 uF, and RW = 90Ω 0.005 uF capacitor, and a 120Ω resistor. The winding resistance of
90 Ω the coil is 12Ω. The output voltage is taken off the resistor. Input
20 kΩ voltage is 12 Vrms. What is the output voltage magnitude at the
40 kΩ center frequency (f0)?
0Ω 12 V
10.9 V
115. A 200Ω resistor, a coil with 30Ω of reactance, and a 1.1 V
capacitor of unknown reactance are in series across an ac 1.09 V
source. The circuit is at resonance. Circuit impedance
123. An RC low-pass filter consists of a 120 resistor and a 0.002 180 ∠–38.3° kΩ
F capacitor. The output is taken across the capacitor. The 89.82 ∠–51.3° kΩ
circuit's critical frequency is 19.2 ∠–38.3° kΩ
333 kHz
633 kHz 130. In applying the superposition theorem,
60 kHz the sources are considered one at a time with all others replaced
331 kHz by their internal resistance
all sources are considered independently
124. In a certain low-pass filter, fc = 3.5 kHz. Its passband is the sources are considered one at a time with all others replaced
0 Hz by their internal impedance
0 Hz to 3.5 kHz all sources are considered simultaneously
7 kHz
3.5 kHz 131. Determine VTH for the circuit external to RL in the given
figure.
125. A sinusoidal voltage with a peak-to-peak value of 18 V is
applied to an RC low-pass filter. If the reactance at the input
frequency is zero, the output voltage is
12.74 V peak-to-peak
9 V peak-to-peak
zero
18 V peak-to-peak

126. The output voltage of a filter is 6 V and the input is 12 V.

The voltage ratio in decibels is
–12.04 dB 135∠0° V
12.04 dB 13.5∠63.4° V
–6.02 dB 13.5∠0° V
6.02 dB 135∠63.4° V

127. An RC high-pass filter consists of a 0.2 F capacitor and a 132. The Thevenin equivalent voltage is
220Ω resistor. The output is taken across the resistor. The the open circuit voltage
circuit's critical frequency is none of the above
7,234 Hz equal to the source voltage
3,617 Hz the same as the load voltage
362 Hz
723 Hz 133. In order to get maximum power transfer from a capacitive
source, the load must
128. The two basic components of a Thevenin equivalent ac none of the above
circuit are have a capacitive reactance equal to circuit resistance
the equivalent voltage source and the equivalent parallel be as capacitive as it is inductive
resistance have an impedance that is the complex conjugate of the source
the equivalent voltage source and the equivalent series impedance
impedance
the equivalent voltage source and the equivalent series
resistance 134. Referring to the given circuit, determine ZTH as seen by RL.
the equivalent voltage source and the equivalent parallel
impedance

129. Referring to the given circuit, find ZTH if R is 15 kΩ and RL is

38 kΩ.

956 ∠–48.5°
1444 ∠–73.3°
4176 ∠–73.3°
1444∠–48.5°
9.38∠–51.3° kΩ
For the circuit given, determine the Thevenin voltage as seen 141. In a three-phase system, the voltages are separated by
by RL. 45°
120°
180°
90°

142. In a three-phase system, when the loads are perfectly

balanced, the neutral current is
at maximum
one-third of maximum
zero
two-thirds of maximum

143. A constant load power means a uniform conversion of

current to voltage
5.74∠–16.7° V voltage to current
0.574 ∠–16.7° V electrical to mechanical energy
0.574∠16.7° V mechanical to electrical energy
5.74∠16.7° V
144. If in a Y-connected ac generator, each phase voltage has a
135. When a 12 V input pulse with a width equal to one time magnitude of 90 VRMS, what is the magnitude of each line
constant is applied to an RC integrator, the capacitor charges to voltage?
7.56 V 180 V
12 V 156 V
0V 0V
6.3 V 90 V

136. To understand how the output voltage is shaped by a 145. Polyphase generators produce simultaneous multiple
differentiator, you must consider sinusoidal voltages that are separated by
all of the above certain constant frequencies
the response to the rising pulse edge certain constant voltages
the response between the rising and falling edges certain constant phase angles
the response to the falling pulse edge certain constant currents

137. An RC differentiator acts as a

high-pass filter 146. The most common type of ac motor is the
low-pass filter two-phase induction motor
band-pass filter two-phase squirrel-cage motor
band-stop filter three-phase induction motor
single-phase induction motor
138. The output of an RC integrator is taken across the
capacitor 147. If 750 µA is flowing through 11 kΩ of resistance, what is the
diode voltage drop across the resistor?
source 82.5 V
resistor 146 V
8.25 V
139. When a 24 V input pulse with a width equal to five time 14.6 V
constants is applied to an RC integrator, the capacitor charges
to 148. Materials with lots of free electrons are called
12 V conductors
20.64 V semiconductors
15.12 V insulators
24 V filters

140. What is the highest frequency contained in a pulse that has 149. The unit of electrical charge is the
a rise and fall time equal to 10 microseconds? joule
3.5 kHz watt
35 kHz volt
10 kHz coulomb
100 kHz
 protons.
ICE ELECS 2 all of the above
1. A silicon diode measures a low value of resistance with the neutrons.
meter leads in both positions. The trouble, if any, is electrons.
the diode is internally shorted.
the diode is working correctly. 11. There is a small amount of current across the barrier of a
the diode is open. reverse-biased diode. This current is called
the diode is shorted to ground. reverse leakage current.
forward-bias current.
2. Under normal conditions a diode conducts current when it is conventional current.
reverse-biased. reverse breakdown current.
forward-biased.
avalanched. 12. Doping of a semiconductor material means
saturated. that impurities are added to decrease the resistance of the
material.
3. As the forward current through a silicon diode increases, the that a glue-type substance is added to hold the material together.
internal resistance that impurities are added to increase the resistance of the
remains the same. material.
decreases. that all impurities are removed to get pure silicon.
increases.
NOTA 13. The most common type of diode failure is a(n) ________.
open
4. For a forward-biased diode, the barrier potential ________ as resistive
temperature increases. NOTA
remains constant short
NOTA
decreases 14. Zener diodes with breakdown voltages less than 5 V operate
increases predominantly in what type of breakdown?
Avalanche
5. An n-type semiconductor material Zener
requires no doping. Varactor
is intrinsic. Schottky
has trivalent impurity atoms added.
has pentavalent impurity atoms added. 15. You have an application for a diode to be used in a tuning
6. Which statement best describes an insulator? circuit. A type of diode to use might be
A material with few free electrons. a LED.
A material doped to have some free electrons. a varactor.
A material with many free electrons. a Gunn diode.
No description fits. a Schottky diode.

7. The boundary between p-type material and n-type material is 16. Refer to this figure. If VIN increases, IZ will
called
a forward-biased diode.
a diode.
a pn junction.
a reverse-biased diode.

8. An ideal diode presents a(n) ________ when reversed-biased

and a(n) ________ when forward-biased. remains the same.
short, short increase
open, short decrease.
open, open NOTA
short, open
17. Refer to this figure. Which symbol is correct for a zener diode?
9. What types of impurity atoms are added to increase the
number of conduction-band electrons in intrinsic silicon?
bivalent
octavalent
pentavalent
trivalent

10. An atom is made up of

 LED
C Gunn
A
D 26. A varactor is a pn junction diode that always operates in
B ________-bias and is doped to ________ the inherent capacitance
of the depletion region.
18. Refer to the figure at 17. Identify the Schottky diode. reverse, minimize
reverse, maximize
forward, maximize
forward, minimize

27. Refer to this figure. Determine the minimum value of IB that

will produce saturation.

D
B
A
E

19. The normal operating region for a zener diode is the

forward-bias region.
reverse-bias region.
reverse-breakdown region.
zero-crossing region.

20. An LED is forward-biased. The diode should be on, but no 0.25 mA

light is showing. A possible trouble might be 10.425 uA
the power supply voltage is too high. 1.065 uA
the series resistor is too small. 5.325 uA
the diode is open.
none. The diode should be off if forward-biased. 28. Refer to the figure at 27. If VCE = 0.2 V, IC(sat) is:

21. What diode operates only with majority carriers?

Schottky
step-recovery
Tunnel
Laser

22. What type of diode maintains a constant current?

Current regulator
Pin
LED
Zener

7.4 mA
23. Refer to the figure in number 16. If VIN decreases, IR will
1.065 mA
NOTA
0.05 mA
remains the same.
2.085 mA
decrease
increase
29. For normal operation of a pnp BJT, the base must be ________
with respect to the emitter and ________ with respect to the
24. Back-to-back varactor diodes are used for what reason?
collector.
to eliminate harmonic distortion
negative, positive
over-voltage protection
positive, negative
no reason; only zeners are used in a back-to-back configuration
positive, positive
a wider tuning range
negative, negative
25. What type of diode is commonly used in electronic tuners in
30. When a transistor is used as a switch, it is stable in which two
TVs?
distinct regions?
Varactor
active and cutoff
Schottky
 saturation and active 38. What is (are) general-purpose/small-signal transistors case
none of the above type(s)?
saturation and cutoff
all of the above
31. For a silicon transistor, when a base-emitter junction is TO-39
forward-biased, it has a nominal voltage drop of TO-18
0.2 V TO-92
0.3 V
0.7 V 39. Refer to the figure in 27. Determine the minimum value of VIN
VCC from the following that will saturate this transistor.

32. Refer to this figure. The value of VCE is:

0.7 V 13.21 V
9.2 V 9.4 V
19.3 V 0.7 V
9.9 V 12.51 V

33. A BJT has an IB of 50uA and a BDC of 75; IC is: 40. How many layers of material does a transistor have?
37.5 mA 4
3.75 mA 3
375 mA 2
0.375 mA 1

34. What are the two types of bipolar junction transistors? 41. In the active region, while the collector-base junction is
npn and pnp ________-biased, the base-emitter is ________-biased.
pnn and nnp reverse, reverse
ppn and nnp forward, forward
pts and stp reverse, forward
forward, reverse
35. The value of BDC
varies with IC. 42. What range of resistor values would you get when checking a
is fixed for any particular transistor. transistor for forward- and reverse-biased conditions by an
varies with temperature. ohmmeter?
varies with temperature and IC. Exceeding 100kΩ, exceeding 100 kΩ
Exceeding 100kΩ, 100 to a few kΩ
36. What is the ratio of IC to IE? 100 to a few kΩ, 100 to a few kΩ
100Ω to a few kΩ, exceeding 100 kΩ
BDC
BDC/(BDC+1) 43. In which region are both the collector-base and base-emitter
either BDC/(BDC+1) or aDC, but not BDC junctions forward-biased?
aDC Saturation
All of the above
37. In what range of voltages is the transistor in the linear Active
region of its operation? Cutoff
VCE(max) > VCE
0.7 < VCE <VCE(max)
none of the above
0 < VCE
44. Use this table of collector characteristics to calculate Bac at 51. In what decade was the first transistor created?
VCE = 15 V and IB = 30 uA.
1960s
1940s
1930s
1950s

52. What is the ratio of the total width to that of the center layer
for a transistor?
1:150
150:1
1:15
15:1
106
100 53. Which of the h-parameters corresponds to re in a common-
400 base configuration?
50 hob
hib
45. What does a reading of a large or small resistance in hfb
forward- and reverse-biased conditions indicate when checking hrb
a transistor using an ohmmeter?
Bad ohmmeter 54. Which of the following conditions must be met to allow the use
None of the above of the approximate approach in a voltage-divider bias
Good device configuration?
Faulty device BRE < 10R2
BRE > 10R2
46. In figure 44, calculate Bdc at VCE = 15 V and IB = 30 uA. Bre> 10R2
110 Bre< 10R2
116
50 55. What is the typical value of the current gain of a common-base
100 configuration?
Between 1 and 50
47. Which of the following can be obtained from the last scale Less than 1
factor of a curve tracer? Undefined
αdc Between 100 and 200
αac
hFE 56. The ________ model fails to account for the output impedance
Bac level of the device and the feedback effect from output to input.
hybrid equivalent
48. What are the ranges of the ac input and output resistance Beta
for a common-base configuration? re
10 –100Ω , 50 kΩ –1 MΩ Thevenin
None of the above
50 kΩ –1 MΩ, 10Ω –100Ω 57. What is the voltage gain of a feedback pair connection?
10 –100 Ωk, 50Ω –1 kΩ 100
1
49. What is the most frequently encountered transistor -1
configuration? -100
Emitter-collector
Common-emitter 58. The advantage that a Sziklai pair has over a Darlington pair is
Common-base higher current gain.
Common-collector higher voltage gain.
less input voltage is needed to turn it on.
50. How many individual pnp silicon transistors can be housed higher input impedance.
in a 14-pin plastic dual-in-line package?
14
4
10
7
59. Refer to this figure. Calculate the value of Rin(tot). 66. Which of the following gains is less than 1 for a common-base
configuration?
Ai
Av
None of the above
Ap

67. Which of the following should be done to obtain the ac

equivalent of a network?
Remove all elements bypassed by the short-circuit equivalent.
Set all dc sources to zero
Replace all capacitors by a short-circuit equivalent.
All of the above

68. For the collector dc feedback configuration, there is a

________ phase shift between the input and output signals.
90º
2.25 kΩ
180º
3.77 kΩ
0º
378 Ω
45º
37.7 kΩ
69. Which of the following configurations has an output
60. For the common-emitter fixed-bias configuration, there is a
impedance Zo equal to RC?
________ phase shift between the input and output signals.
Fixed-bias common-emitter
90º
Common-emitter voltage-divider with bypass capacitor
45º
Common-emitter voltage-divider without bypass capacitor
180º
All of the above
0º
70. For BJT amplifiers, the ________ gain typically ranges from a
61. The differential amplifier has
level just less than 1 to a level that may exceed 1000.
one input and two outputs.
All of the above
two inputs and one output.
voltage
two inputs and two outputs.
current
one input and one output.
impedance
62. The ________ model suffers from being limited to a
71. An emitter-follower amplifier has an input impedance of 107
particular set of operating conditions if it is to be considered
kΩ. The input signal is 12 mV. The approximate output voltage is
accurate.
(common-collector)
hybrid equivalent
112 mV
Thevenin
12 mV
re
8.92 V
Beta
8.9 mV
63. The ________ configuration is frequently used for
72. What is the limit of the efficiency defined by = Po / Pi?
impedance matching.
Always 1
fixed-bias
Greater than 1
voltage-divider bias
None of the above
collector feedback
Less than 1
emitter-follower
73. Which of the following techniques can be used in the
64. In a common-base amplifier, the input signal is connected to
sinusoidal ac analysis of transistor networks?
the
Small-signal
emitter.
Large-signal
collector.
None of the above
base.
Small- or large-signal
output.

65. For the common-emitter amplifier ac equivalent circuit, all

capacitors are
effectively open circuits.
not connected to ground.
connected to ground.
effectively shorts.
74. Refer to the figure in 59. If an emitter bypass capacitor was 80. Referring to this transfer curve. Calculate (using Shockley's
installed, what would the new Av be? equation) VGS at ID = 4mA.

–2.54 V
398 Undefined
600 2.54 V
125 –12 V
4.96
81. The transfer curve is not defined by Shockley's equation for the
75. A Darlington pair amplifier has ________.
low input impedance and low voltage gain. depletion-type MOSFET
high input impedance and high voltage gain. BJT
a voltage gain of about 1 and a low input impedance. JFET
a low voltage gain and a high input impedance. enhancement-type MOSFET

76. What is the level of drain current ID for gate-to-source 82. The region to the left of the pinch-off locus is referred to as the
voltages VGS less than (more negative than) the pinch-off level? ________ region.
Negative value All of the above
IDSS cutoff
Undefined saturation
zero amperes ohmic

77. What is the range of an FET's input impedance in Ω? 83. Which of the following transistor(s) has (have) depletion and
50 k to 100 k enhancement types?
1 M to several hundred M MOSFET
1 k to 10 k None of the above
10 to 1 k BJT
JFET
78. At which of the following condition(s) is the depletion region
uniform? 84. A BJT is a ________-controlled device. The JFET is a ________ -
VDS > 0 V controlled device.
VDS = VP voltage, current
None of the above current, current
No bias current, voltage
voltage, voltage
79. Which of the following controls the level of ID?
VDG 85. How many terminals can a MOSFET have?
IG 4
VDS 2
VGS 3 or 4
3

86. Which of the following FETs has the lowest input impedance?
MOSFET enhancement-type
None of the above
JFET
MOSFET depletion-type
87. Which of the following represent(s) the cutoff region for an
FET?
All of the above
VGS = VP
ID = 0 mA
IG = 0

88. Hand-held instruments are available to measure ________

for the BJT.
IDSS
VP
Bdc 94. What is (are) the function(s) of the coupling capacitors C1 and
All of the above C2 in an FET circuit?
to create an open circuit for dc analysis
89. A common-source amplifier is similar in configuration to All of the above
which BJT amplifier? to create a short-circuit equivalent for ac analysis
emitter-follower to isolate the dc biasing arrangement from the applied signal and
common-collector load
common-base
common-emitter 95. There is a ________º phase inversion between gate and source
in a source follower.
90. A BJT is a ________-controlled device. 0
current 180
power 90
resistance None of the above
voltage
96. Which of the following is a required condition to simplify the
91. Referring to this figure, calculate Av for yos = 58uS. equations for Zo and Av for the self-bias configuration?
rd = RD
None of the above
rd ≥ 10RD
rd ≤ 10RD

97. MOSFETs make better power switches than BJTs because they
have
lower turn-off times.
lower on-state resistance.
all of the above
a positive temperature coefficient.

98. MOSFET digital switching is used to produce which digital

gates?
inverters
NOR gates
–8.05 all of the above
–7.29 NAND gates
–7.50 99. Given IDSS=10mA. For midpoint biasing, ID would be
–8.55 10 mA
2.5 mA
92. For what value of ID is gm equal to 0.5 gm0? 5 mA
0.25 IDSS 7.5 mA
0 mA
IDSS 100. Refer to this figure. If ID = 4 mA, find the value of VGS.
0.5 IDSS –0.7 V
6V
93. Referring to the following figure, calculate gm for VGSQ = – –6 V
1.25 V. 10.8 V
2.5 mS
2.75 mS
3.25 mS
2 mS
 106. What is the range of gm for JFETs?
100 uS to 1000 uS
1000 uS to 5000 uS
1 uS to 10 uS
10000 uS to 100000 uS

107. Calculate gm and rd if yfs = 4 mS and yos = 15S.

66.7 kΩ, 4 mS
None of the above
4 mS, 15 kΩ
4 mS, 66.7 kΩ

108. Input resistance of a common-drain amplifier is

RG + RIN(gate).
101. Which FET amplifier(s) has (have) a phase inversion RG
between input and output signals? RG || RIN(gate).
common-gate RIN(gate).
All of the above
common-source 109. E-MOSFETs are generally used in switching applications
common-drain because
of their high-frequency response capabilities.
102. The more horizontal the characteristic curves on the drain of their very low input capacitance.
characteristics, the ________ the output impedance. of their threshold characteristic (VGS(th)).
any of the above of their power handling.
same
greater 110. A JFET cascade amplifier employs
lesser 1 common-gate and 1 common-drain amplifier.
2 common-source amplifiers.
103. For the fixed-bias configuration, if rd<10RD, then 2 common-gate amplifiers.
Zo=_______. 1 common-gate and 1 common-source amplifier.
RG
RD 111. In a common-source amplifier, the purpose of the bypass
RD||rd capacitor, C2, is to
–gm(RD||rd) provide coupling to the input.
provide a dc path to ground.
104. Which of the following is (are) related to depletion-type keep the source effectively at ac ground.
MOSFETs? provide coupling to the load.
gm can be greater or smaller than gm0.
All of the above 112. What is the ratio of the capacitive reactance XCS to the input
ID can be larger than IDSS. resistance RI of the input RC circuit of a single-stage BJT amplifier
VGSq can be negative, zero, or positive. at the low-frequency cutoff?
0.50
105. In the figure, determine the value for RD in Ω if the ac gain 0.25
is 8. 1.0
0.75

113. For which of the following frequency region(s) can the

coupling and bypass capacitors no longer be replaced by the short-
circuit approximation?
High-frequency
Low-frequency
Mid-frequency
All of the above

114. What is the range of the capacitor Cds?

0.1 to 1 nF
0.1 to 1 F
0.01 to 0.1 pF
0.1 to 1 pF
1.85 k
1.51 k
2.08 k
1.65 k
115. A 3-dB drop in hfe will occur at a frequency defined by
________. About 0º
fα About 90º
2 45º
1 None of the above
fB
124. What is the ratio of the output power to the input power at
116. Which of the following elements is (are) important in the cutoff frequencies in a normalized frequency response plot?
determining the gain of the system in the high-frequency 0.25
region? 0.50
Miller effect capacitance 0.707
Interelectrode capacitances 1
Wiring capacitances
All of the above 125. Refer to the given figure. This circuit is known as

117. For audio systems, the reference level is generally accepted

as ________.
10 mW
1W
1 mW
100 mW

118. What is the normalized gain expressed in dB for the cutoff

frequencies?
–20 dB a summing amplifier.
+3 dB a noninverting amplifier.
–3 dB a differentiator.
–6 dB an integrator.

119. Which of the following configurations does (do) not involve 126. Refer to the given figure at 125. A square-wave input is
the Miller effect capacitance? applied to this amplifier. The output voltage is most likely to be
Common-collector a sine wave.
Common-base a square wave.
All of the above a triangle wave.
Common-emitter no output.

120. The ________-frequency response of a transformer- 127. If an op-amp comparator has a gain of 100,000, an input
coupled system is calculated primarily by the stray capacitance difference of 0.2 mV above reference, and a supply of 12 V, the
between the turns of the primary and secondary windings. output will be
high 10 V
low 20 V
mid 12 V
All of the above 15 V

121. In the hybrid pi or Giacoletto model, which one of the 128. A comparator with a Schmitt trigger has
following does rb include? one trigger level.
Base contact two trigger levels.
Base spreading resistance a slow response.
Base bulk a fast response.
All of the above
129. Refer to the given figure. If Vin = 5 V, the rate of change of the
122. Which of the following statements is true for a square- output voltage in response to a single pulse input is:
wave signal? 1.52 V/us
It is composed of both even and odd harmonics. 15.2 mV/us
The harmonics waveforms are also square waves. 1.52 mV/us
It is composed only of even harmonics. 15.2 V/us
It is composed only of odd harmonics.
130. In a flash A/D converter, the priority encoder is used to
123. In the input RC circuit of a single-stage BJT, by how much select the lowest value input.
does the base voltage lead the input voltage for frequencies select the first input.
much larger than the cutoff frequency in the low-frequency select the last input.
region? select the highest value input.
131. To reduce the effects of noise resulting in erratic switching 138. How many op-amps are required to implement this equation?
of output states of a comparator, you can use
nonzero-level detection.
hysteresis.
the upper trigger point.
the lower trigger point. 4
1
132. What is (are) the necessary component(s) for the design of 2
a bounded comparator? 3
rectifier diodes 139. Determine the output voltage for this circuit with a sinusoidal
zener diodes input of 2.5 mV.
both of the above
none of the above

133. What type(s) of circuit(s) use comparators?

averaging amplifier
nonzero-level detector
summer and nonzero-level detector
summer

134. Refer to the given figure. What is the output voltage?

0.25 V
-0.25 V
0.125 V
–0.125 V

140. How many op-amps are required to implement this equation?

-2 V 1
-0.5 V 3
0.5 V 2
2V 4

135. An integrator circuit 141. Determine the output voltage when V1 = –V2 = 1 V.
uses a resistor in its feedback circuit.
uses an inductor in its feedback circuit.
uses a capacitor in its feedback circuit.
uses a resistor in its feedback circuit or uses a capacitor in its
feedback circuit

136. ________ is a mathematical process for determining the

rate of change of a function.
Differentiation
Integration
Summing
-2 V
Comparatoring
0V
1V
137. Calculate the output voltage if V1 = –0.2 V and V2 = 0 V.
2V

142. Calculate the cutoff frequencies of a bandpass filter with

R1=R2=5 kΩ and C1=C2=0.1 uF.
fOL = 636.6 Hz, fOH = 636.6 Hz
fOL = 318.3 Hz, fOH = 636.6 Hz
fOL = 318.3 Hz, fOH = 318.3 Hz
fOL = 636.6 Hz, fOH = 318.3 Hz
-6.6 V
0V
-4 V
2V
143. This circuit is an example of a(n)________. 148. Calculate IL for this circuit.

5 mA
3 mA
instrumentation amplifier
4 mA
display driver
6 mA
none of the above
dc voltmeter
149. How many op-amps are required to implement this equation?
144. Calculate the input voltage for this circuit if Vo = –11 V.

1
4
3
2

150. Refer to the given figure. This circuit operates at a ________

frequency, and its efficiency is ________.

1V
-1 V
1.1 V
-1.1 V

145. Calculate the cutoff frequency of a first-order low-pass

filter for R1 = 2.5 kΩ and C1 = 0.05 uF.
127.30 Hz
12.73 kHz
1.273 kHz
127.3 kHz

146. A filter that provides a constant output from dc up to a high, high

cutoff frequency and passes no signal above that frequency is high, low
called a ________ filter. low, high
low-pass low, low
bandpass
high-pass 151. In which period is the capacitor filter discharged through the
bandstop load in a full-wave rectifier?
The time during the positive cycle
147. Calculate the output voltage Vo if V1 = –V2 = 300 mV. The time during which the diode(s) is (are) conducting
The time during which the diodes are not conducting
The time during the negative cycle

152. A voltage regulator with a no-load output dc voltage of 12 V is

connected to a load with a resistance of 10Ω. If the load resistance
decreases to 7.5Ω, the load voltage will decrease to 10.9V. The
load current will be ________, and the percent load regulation is
________.
1.45 A, 10.09%
1.45 A, 90.8%
-6 V 1.2 A, 90.8%
0V 1.2 A, 10.09%
6V
-8 V
153. Refer to the given figure. This circuit is known as 22.5 W

a step-up switching regulator.

a step-down switching regulator.
a shunt voltage regulator.
a series-pass voltage regulator.

160. In a series regulator, what is the purpose of fold-back

limiting?
to provide current up to a maximum, but drop current to a lower
value when the output becomes shorted, to prevent overheating
154. If a peak rectified voltage for the full-wave filter circuit is of the device
40 V, calculate the filter dc voltage if C = 75 F and load current is to bypass the pass-transistor, if the pass-transistor should fail
40 mA. to limit output voltage if input voltage goes too high
32.12 V to provide more current in the case of a short circuit
37.78 V
27.9 V 161. Calculate the dc voltage across a 2-kΩ load for an RC filter
40 V section (R = 50Ω, C = 20uF). The dc voltage across the initial filter
capacitor is Vdc = 50 V.
155. If the value of full-load voltage is the same as the no-load 42.78 V
voltage, the voltage regulation calculated is ________ %, which 48.78 V
is the best expected. 45.78 V
0 40.78 V
1
99 162. In an improved shunt regulator, which of the following
100 components sets the reference voltage?
Transistor Q1
156. A switching regulator that is configured as a voltage- RS
inverter produces what type of output? Zener diode
an output that is a higher voltage than the input voltage Transistor Q2
an ac output with opposite phase to the input ac
a dc output that is the negative of the dc input voltage 163. How many terminals does a 7800 series IC regulator have?
an ac output from a dc input voltage 3
2
157. For a full-wave rectifier with ac ripple at 120 Hz, the none of the above
impedance of a capacitor can be calculated using XC = 4
________.
1.414 ÷ C 164. What are the typical values of Vref and Iadj for the LM317
1.3 ÷ C adjustable voltage regulator?
0.785 ÷ C 1.25 V, 100 μA
0.707 ÷ C 1.0 V, 100 mA
1.5 V, 100 mA
158. In which of the following applications is a pulsating dc 1.25 V, 10 mA
voltage suitable?
Battery charger 165. Voltage regulation requires
Radio only line regulation.
Computer a constant load.
Stereo system only load regulation.
load and line regulation.
159. Refer to the given figure. If the output of the circuit were
to be a short circuit, what power rating would R1 need to have? 166. For what range of load current can voltage regulators be
5W selected for operation?
10 W Hundreds of milliamperes to tens of amperes
2.25 W None of the above
 Hundreds of picoamperes to tens of nanoamperes Elliptic
Hundreds of picoamperes to tens of milliamperes
167. Refer to the figure at 150. The inductor and capacitor are 172. A ________ filter rejects all frequencies within a specified
used for band and passes all those outside this band.
filtering the dc pulse output. band-stop
controlling the load current. high-pass
amplifying the error signal. band-pass
turning on the pulse-width oscillator. low-pass

173. The bandwidth in a ________ filter equals the critical

frequency.
band-pass
high-pass
low-pass
band-stop

174. Refer to the given figure. The roll-off of this filter is about

168. Refer to the figure at 150. If the output voltage tends to

decrease due to an increase in load current, the transistor will
conduct for ________ time each cycle.

80 dB/decade.
40 dB/decade.
60 dB/decade.
20 dB/decade.

175. Which filter exhibits a linear phase characteristic?

Butterworth
Bessel
Chebyshev
a longer All of the above
none of the above
the same 176. The critical frequency is defined as the point at which the
a shorter response drops ________ from the passband.
-40 dB
169. For what range of fixed regulated voltages do the series -6 dB
78xx regulators provide regulation? -20 dB
–5 V to +24 V -3 dB
–5 V to –24 V
None of the above 177. Which filter has a maximally flat response?
+5 V to +24 V Butterworth
Bessel
170. In a series linear regulator, the control element is a(n) Chebyshev
________ in series with the load. All of the above
inductor
resistor 178. Refer to the given figure at 174. This is a ________ filter.
transistor
capacitor

171. Filters with the ________ characteristic are useful when a

rapid roll-off is required because it provides a roll-off rate
greater than –20/dB/decade/pole.
Bessel
Chebyshev
Butterworth
 –60 dB/decade.
–30 dB/decade.
–20 dB/decade.

183. An AM demodulator can be implemented with a linear

multiplier followed by a ________ filter.
band-stop
high-pass
band-pass
low-pass

184. In order for a light ray to propagate along a fiber-optic cable,

band-stop what must the relationship be between the angle of incidence and
low-pass the critical angle?
band-pass θi<θc
high-pass θi>θc
179. One important application of a state-variable ________ none of the above
filter with a summing amplifier is to minimize the 60 Hz "hum" θi = θc
in audio systems.
low-pass 185. Amplitude modulation is a ________ process.
band-pass multiplication
high-pass exponential
band-stop sum/difference
division
180. Refer to the given figure. RA = 2.2 k and RB = 1.2 k. This
filter is probably a 186. What does VCO stand for?
Visually-Controlled Organization
None of the above
Voltage-Controlled Oscillator
Voltage-Centered Oscilloscope

187. If a 1 MHz carrier is amplitude modulated with a 5 kHz audio

signal, the upper-side frequency is ________ kHz.
none of the above
995
1005
1000
Bessel type.
Chebyshev type. 188. Which of the following devices is unquestionably of the
Elliptic type. greatest interest today?
Butterworth type. SCS
LASCR
181. Refer to this figure. This filter has a roll-off rate of GTO
SCR

189. Determine RB1 for a silicon PUT if it is determined that h =

0.84, VP = 11.2 V, and RB2 = 5 kΩ.
26.25 kΩ
20.00 kΩ
12.65 kΩ
16.25 kΩ

190. What is the typical value of the reverse resistance of SCRs in

Ω?
1 k to 50 k
80 dB/decade. 100 to 1 k
20 dB/decade. 100 k or more
60 dB/decade. 1 to 10
40 dB/decade.
191. The ISO-LIT Q1 16-pin Litronixopto-isolator DIP contains
182. A third-order filter will have a roll-off rate of ________ opto-isolators.
–40 dB/decade. 4
 12
6 GTO
8 SCS
DIAC
192. What is the frequency range of application of SCRs? SCR
About 250 kHz
About 50 kHz
About 10 kHz
About 1 mHz

193. This symbol is an example of a(n) ________.

Diac
SCR
SCS
GTO

194. Which of the following devices has nearly the same turn-on
time as turn-off time?
LASCR
SCR
SCS
GTO

195. Which of the transistors of an SCR are conducting when the

SCR is fired and is in the conduction mode?
Neither npn nor pnp
pnp
npn
Both npn and pnp

196. What is the maximum current (rms) rating for

commercially available LASCRs today?
20 A
3A
25 A
15 A

197. Which of the following areas is (are) applications of an SCS?

Pulse generators
Counters
Voltage sensors
All of the above

198. This symbol is an example of a(n) ________.

SCR
SCS
GTO
DIAC

199. What is the typical value of the triggering anode gate for
SCS devices?
1A
15 A
150 A
1.5 mA

200. This symbol is an example of a(n)________.