Physiological Development

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Mark Jade Vergara

Charles Reyes Luya

Chris John Noque

Karl Montierro

Gizelle Bombane

Keziah Malabana

Karen Lacumbo

Miana Montierro

Rojahnn Danielle Alcala

Zyanne Rocafor
What is Physiological Development ?

 Physiological development that occurs in both males and females from the period

of puberty up to adolescence.

 It Involves the growth and change in a person’s body and bodily functions.

Physical development involves both physiological and motor development.

Motor Skills

 Are skills which enable us to move and control our bodies.

 They can be divided into gross (large) and fine(small) motor skills.

 Both gross and fine motor skills require practise and opportunity to develop

muscle strength, balance and co-ordination.

 Gross motor skills coordinate the large muscle group that control our arms and

legs and involve larger movements like balancing, running, and jumping.

Fine Motor Skills

 Fine motor skills are the ability to make movements using the small muscles in

our hands and wrists.

 It involves the small coordination of small muscle movements, usually involving

the hands working in coordination with the eyes. It start to develop in babies and

young children, improving over time with maturity.

 Example are brushing your teeth, writing with a pencil and using a fork or spoon.
Process of physical development or physiological development

During early adolescence

Physical development in adolescence includes changes that occur through a process

called puberty. During puberty, your child’s brain releases certain hormones. The

hormones cause your child’s body to physically change and their sexual organs to

mature. This typically happens around 10-14 years.

In girls, these are the main external physical changes in puberty that you can expect.

 Around 10-11 years

Breasts will start developing. This is the first visible sign that puberty is starting. It’s

normal for the left and right breasts to grow at different speeds. It’s also common for the

breasts to be a bit tender as they develop. If your child wants a bra, a soft crop top or

sports bra can be a good first choice.

 Around 12-14 years (about two years after breast development starts)

A growth spurt occurs. Some parts of the body – like the head, face and hands – might

grow faster than limbs and torso. The body shape will change. For example, a girl’s hips

will widen. The external genitals (vulva) and pubic hair will start to grow. Pubic hair will

get darker and thicker over time. Hair will start growing under the arms.

A clear or white discharge from the vagina starts several months before periods start

Periods will usually start within 2 years of breast growth starting, but can take up to 4

years.
In boys, these are the main external physical changes in puberty that you can expect.

 Around 11- 14 years old

The external genitals (penis, testes and scrotum) will start to grow. It’s normal for one

testis to grow faster than the other. You can reassure your child that men’s testes

usually aren’t the same size.

Pubic hair will start to grow. It will get darker and thicker over time.

Your child will have a growth spurt. Your child will get taller and their chest and

shoulders will get broader. Some parts of your child’s body – like their head, face and

hands – might grow faster than their limbs and torso. This might result in your child

looking out of proportion for a while.

 Around 14 - 15 years old

Hair will start growing on other parts of your child’s body – under the arms, on the face

and on the rest of the body. Leg and arm hair will thicken. Some young men will grow

more body hair into their early 20s.

Your child might start having erections and ejaculating (releasing sperm). During this

period, erections often happen for no reason at all. Just let your child know that this is

normal and that people don’t usually notice. Ejaculation during sleep is often called a

‘wet dream’.

The larynx (‘Adam’s apple’ or voice box) will become more obvious. Your child’s larynx

will get larger and their voice will ‘break’, eventually becoming deeper. Some boys’
voices move from high to low and back again, even in one sentence. This will stop in

time.

References
What are the Tanner stages of puberty?

Professor James M. Tanner, a child development expert, was the first to identify the

visible stages of puberty.

Today, these stages are known as the Tanner stages or, more appropriately, sexual

maturity ratings (SMRs). They serve as a general guide to physical development,

although each person has a different puberty timetable.

Here’s what you can expect to see based on the Tanner stages in males and females

during puberty.

Tanner stage 1

Tanner stage 1 describes what’s happening to your child before any physical signs of

puberty appear. It typically starts after a female’s 8th birthday and after a male’s 9th or

10th birthday. At this stage, these internal changes are the same for males and females.

 The brain begins to send signals to the body to prepare for changes.

 The hypothalamus begins to release gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) to

the pituitary gland, which makes hormones that control other glands in the body.

 Pituitary gland starts to make two other hormones: luteinizing hormone (LH) and

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).

 Physical changes aren’t noticeable for males or females at this stage.

Tanner stage 2

Stage 2 marks the beginning of physical development. Hormones begin to send signals

throughout the body.

Females

 Puberty usually starts between ages 9 and 11. Visible changes include:

 First signs of breasts, called “buds,” start to form under the nipple. They may be

itchy or tender or one bud may be larger than the other, which is normal.

 Darker area around the nipple (areola) will also expand.

 Uterus begins to get larger, and small amounts of pubic hair start growing on the

lips of the vulva.

 On average, Black females start puberty Trusted Source a year before white

females and are ahead when it comes to breast development and having their

first periods. Also, females with higher body mass index Trusted Source

experience an earlier onset of puberty

Males

 In males, puberty usually starts around age 11. The testicles and skin around the

testicles (scrotum) begin to get bigger.

 Puberty usually starts around age 11. Changes include:

 Testicles and skin around the testicles (scrotum) begin to get bigger.
  Early stages of pubic hair form on the base of the penis.

Tanner stage 3

Physical changes are becoming more obvious for both males and females in stage 3.

Along with a growth spurt in height, your teen’s hormones are hard at work, furthering

development from the previous stage.

Females

 Physical changes in females usually start after age 12. These changes include:

 Breast “buds” continue to grow and expand.

 Pubic hair gets thicker and curlier.

 Hair starts forming under the armpits.

 The first signs of acne may appear on the face and back.

 The highest growth rate for height begins (around 3.2 inches per year).

 Hips and thighs start to build up fat.

Males

 Physical changes in males usually start around age 13. These changes include:

 Penis gets longer as testicles continue to grow bigger.

  Some breast tissue may start to form under the nipples (this happens to some

teenage males during development and usually goes away within a couple of

years).

 Males begin to have wet dreams (ejaculation at night).

 As the voice begins to change, it may “crack,” going from high to lower pitches.

 Muscles get larger.

 Height growth increases to 2 to 3.2 inches per year.

Tanner stage 4

Puberty is in full swing during stage 4. Both males and females are noticing many

changes.

Females

 In females, stage 4 usually starts around age 13. Changes include:

 Breasts take on a fuller shape, passing the bud stage.

 Many females get their first period, typically between ages of 12 and 14, but it

can happen earlier.

 Height growth will slow down to about 2 to 3 inches per year.

 Pubic hair gets thicker.

Males

 In males, stage 4 usually starts around age 14. Changes include:

  Testicles, penis, and scrotum continue to get bigger, and the scrotum will get

darker in color.

 Armpit hair starts to grow.

 Deeper voice becomes permanent.

 Acne may start to appear.

Tanner stage 5

Stage 5 begins the culmination of your teen’s development. In this final phase, your

teen will eventually reach full physical maturation, including their final adult height.

Females

In females, stage 5 usually happens around age 15. Changes include:

 Breasts reach approximate adult size and shape, though breasts can continue to

change through age 18.

 Periods become regular after 6 months to 2 years.

 Females reach adult height 1 to 2 years after their first period.

  Pubic hair fills out to reach the inner thighs.

 Reproductive organs and genitals are fully developed.

 Hips, thighs, and buttocks fill out in shape.

Males

 In males, stage 5 usually starts around age 15. Changes include:

 Penis, testicles, and scrotum will have reached adult size.

 Pubic hair has filled in and spread to the inner thighs.

 Facial hair will start coming in and some males will need to begin shaving.

 Growth in height will slow down, but muscles may still be growing.

 By age 18, most males have reached full growth.