American Democracy Now 4th Edition Harrison Test Bank

American Democracy Now 4th Edition Harrison Test Bank
American Democracy Now 4th Edition Harrison Test

Bank
To download the complete and accurate content document, go to:

https://testbankbell.com/download/american-democracy-now-4th-edition-harrison-test
-bank/
Visit TestBankBell.com to get complete for all chapters

Chapter 05 - Civil Rights
Chapter 05
Civil Rights
Multiple Choice Questions
1. (p. 154) The Constitution imposes responsibilities, or civil rights, on which of the following
groups?
A. government officials
B. private citizens
C. private organizations
D. government employees
E. government officials and government employees
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Critical Thinking: Understand
Difficulty: 1
Teaching Emphasis: Civil Rights
Text Answer Hint: The Meaning of Equality under the Law
2. (p. 155) The Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits businesses from making discriminatory hiring
decisions based on which inherent characteristics?
A. age and disability
B. race, color, and sex
C. religion and national origin
D. sexual orientation
E. race, color, sex, religion, and national origin

Difficulty: 2
5-1
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of
McGraw-Hill Education.
3. (p. 155) Which tests do the courts apply to determine when unequal treatment is legal?
A. imminent lawless action test and incitement test
B. strict scrutiny test and ordinary scrutiny test
C. strict scrutiny test, heightened scrutiny test, and ordinary scrutiny test
D. imminent lawless action test and strict scrutiny test
E. incitement test and heightened scrutiny test

Difficulty: 2
4. (p. 155) Which test is applied by the courts in cases related to suspect classifications?
A. ordinary scrutiny test
B. imminent lawless action test
C. heightened scrutiny test
D. strict scrutiny test
E. incitement test

Critical Thinking: Remember
Difficulty: 2
5. (p. 155) Which 1967 case determined state laws barring interracial marriage were
unconstitutional?
A. Loving v. Virginia
B. Dear v. Minnesota
C. Furman v. Georgia
D. Minor v. Happersett
E. Bradwell v. Illinois

Difficulty: 2
5-2
6. (p. 155) Sex-based discrimination cases are subject to which legal treatment test?
A. incitement test
B. strict scrutiny test
C. heightened scrutiny test
D. imminent lawless action test
E. ordinary scrutiny test

Difficulty: 2
7. (p. 156) Using the ordinary scrutiny test, courts have been willing to allow what type of
differential treatment?
A. sex-based
B. age-based
C. race-based
D. ethnic-based
E. religion-based

Difficulty: 2
8. (p. 156) In what year were women granted the right to vote in the United States?
A. 1909
B. 1916
C. 1920
D. 1929
E. 1930

Difficulty: 2
5-3
9. (p. 157) In what year did President Obama express his unequivocal support for gay marriage?
A. 2008
B. 2009
C. 2010
D. 2012
E. 2014

Difficulty: 2
Text Answer Hint: Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgendered Citizens
10. (p. 157) The 1996 Defense of Marriage Act

A. was repealed by Congress in 2014.
B. was declared unconstitutional in 2013.
C. defined marriage to include same-sex couples.
D. was initially vetoed by President Clinton.
E. All these answers are correct.

Difficulty: 1
11. (p. 157) Which of the following statements about legal protections of LGBT citizens' legal
rights is the MOST accurate?
A. LGBT-based discrimination is prohibited under federal law.
B. Pursuant to executive order, LGBT discrimination is illegal.
C. Most LGBT legal protection comes from state antidiscrimination laws.
D. Outside of Supreme Court jurisprudence, there is no other prohibition against LGBT-based
discrimination.
E. Legal protection for the LGBT community comes from federal law and laws in all 50
states.

Critical Thinking: Analyze
Difficulty: 3
5-4
12. (p. 158) Attacks against individuals are considered hate crimes under most state law based on
all the following biases EXCEPT
A. race or color.
B. religious persuasion.
C. nationality or ethnicity.
D. disability.
E. gender identity or sexual orientation.

Difficulty: 2
13. (p. 159) In which year did Congress pass the Missouri Compromise, which sought to
regulate slavery in the western territories?
A. 1810
B. 1820
C. 1830
D. 1840
E. 1850

Difficulty: 1
Text Answer Hint: Slavery and Its Aftermath
14. (p. 159) The active yet nonviolent refusal to comply with morally-objectionable laws, used
by abolitionist organizations like the American Anti-Slavery Society and civil rights activists
like Martin Luther King, Jr., is known as what?
A. affirmative action
B. intersectionality
C. strict scrutiny
D. affirmative disobedience
E. civil disobedience

Difficulty: 1
5-5
15. (p. 159) Which 1857 Supreme Court decision set the stage for the Civil War by mobilizing
the abolitionist movement?
A. Brown v. Board of Education
B. Marbury v. Madison
C. Dred Scott v. Sandford
D. Lochner v. Ellison
E. Loving v. Virginia

Difficulty: 2
16. (p. 160) In 1860, which of the following states had the highest percentage of slaves in its
population?
A. Kentucky
B. Mississippi
C. Pennsylvania
D. Iowa
E. Missouri

Difficulty: 1
17. (p. 161) This amendment was passed in 1865 and outlawed slavery:
A. Twelfth Amendment.
B. Thirteenth Amendment.
C. Fourteenth Amendment.
D. Fifteenth Amendment.
E. Sixteenth Amendment.

Difficulty: 2
5-6
18. (p. 161) This amendment was passed in 1868 and provided for due process of law, equal
protection under the law, and respect for the privileges and immunities of all citizens:
A. Twelfth Amendment.
B. Thirteenth Amendment.
C. Fourteenth Amendment.
D. Fifteenth Amendment.
E. Sixteenth Amendment.

Difficulty: 1
19. (p. 161) Which constitutional amendments were passed in the aftermath of the Civil War,
and codified the victory of the North?
A. Twelfth and Thirteenth
B. Twelfth, Thirteenth, and Fourteenth
C. Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth
D. Fourteenth, Fifteenth, and Sixteenth
E. Fifteenth and Sixteenth

Difficulty: 2
20. (p. 161) Laws passed immediately after the Civil War by southern states that limited the
rights of "freemen," or former slaves, were known as
A. Reconstruction laws.
B. Jim Crow laws.
C. voting rights laws.
D. Black Codes.
E. freedmen's regulations.

Difficulty: 2
5-7
21. (p. 161) Another name for the Civil Rights Act of 1872, which made it a federal crime to
deprive individuals of their rights, is the
A. Enforcement Act.
B. Anti-Ku Klux Klan Act.
C. Voting Rights Act.
D. Equal Voting Rights Act.
E. Equal Opportunity Act.

Difficulty: 2
22. (p. 161) Southern miscegenation laws that banned interracial marriage or cohabitation are an
example of
A. a grandfather clause.
B. de jure segregation.
C. de facto segregation.
D. the separate but equal doctrine.
E. the Black Codes.

Difficulty: 2
23. (p. 162-163) Which of the following were used in southern states during the Jim Crow era to
deny African Americans their voting rights?
A. white primaries
B. literacy tests
C. poll taxes
D. grandfather clauses
E. All these answers are correct.

Difficulty: 1
5-8
24. (p. 163) Which Court ruling created the separate but equal doctrine, which upheld state laws
that mandated racial separation in schools and all public accommodations?
A. Dred Scott v. Sandford
B. Plessy v. Ferguson
C. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
D. Craig v. Boren
E. Bowers v. Hardwick

Difficulty: 1
25. (p. 164) Which African American writer, scholar, and social activist is considered the father
of social science?
A. Oswald Garrison Villard
B. William Lloyd Garrison
C. Richard Wright
D. Ralph Ellison
E. W. E. B. Du Bois

Difficulty: 2
Text Answer Hint: The Civil Rights Movement
26. (p. 164) Which aspect of racial discrimination became the primary target of the NAACP
(National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) in its first decades of
existence?
A. Black Codes
B. Jim Crow laws
C. separate but equal doctrine
D. de jure segregation
E. standing to sue

Difficulty: 2
5-9
27. (p. 164) Who was the first African American to sit on the U.S. Supreme Court?
A. Thurgood Marshall
B. Clarence Thomas
C. W. E. B. Du Bois
D. Oswald Garrison Villard
E. Richard Wright

Difficulty: 2
28. (p. 164-165) Which Supreme Court decision ended the federal government's support for
separate but equal practices in the southern states?
A. Plessy v. Ferguson
B. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
C. Loving v. Virginia
D. Miller v. California
E. Minor v. Happersett

Difficulty: 2
29. (p. 165) The Montgomery bus boycott began after the arrest of whom for refusing to give up
a seat on the bus for a white man?
A. Martin Luther King, Jr.
B. Rosa Parks
C. Homer Plessy
D. Fannie Lou Hamer
E. Thurgood Marshall

Difficulty: 2
5-10
30. (p. 167) In what city was Martin Luther King, Jr. assassinated in 1968, setting off riots in
more than 100 cities?
A. Montgomery, Alabama
B. Atlanta, Georgia
C. Memphis, Tennessee
D. Dallas, Texas
E. Watts, California

Difficulty: 1
31. (p. 167) _______, part of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, establishes a standard of equality in
employment opportunity, and establishes a body of law that regulates legal employment
practices.
A. Title III
B. Title IV
C. Title V
D. Title VI
E. Title VII

Difficulty: 3
Text Answer Hint: The Government's Response to the Civil Rights Movement
5-11
32. (p. 168) Which civil rights legislation banned discriminatory voter registration practices, and
mandated federal intervention in any county with less than 50 percent of those eligible
registered to vote?
A. Civil Rights Act of 1964
B. Voting Rights Act of 1965
C. Civil Rights Act of 1965
D. Civil Rights Act of 1968
E. Voting Rights Act of 1968

Difficulty: 2
33. (p. 168) In its 2013 Shelby v. Alabama decision about voting rights, the Supreme Court
A. found unconstitutional a portion of the Voting Rights Act of 1965.
B. found unconstitutional the entirety of the Voting Rights Act of 1965.
C. ordered the Justice Department to send more voting monitors to several southern states.
D. determined that no citizen shall be required to produce identification in order to vote.
E. determined that all House of Representatives district boundaries must be approved by a
federal judge.

Difficulty: 2
34. (p. 169) Of the following, which has the HIGHEST average wage?
A. white, non-Hispanic women
B. African American men
C. African American women
D. Hispanic men
E. Hispanic women

Difficulty: 2
Text Answer Hint: The Movement for Women's Civil Rights
5-12
35. (p. 169) Of the following, which has the LOWEST average wage?
A. white, non-Hispanic women
B. African American men
C. African American women
D. Hispanic men
E. Hispanic women

Difficulty: 2
36. (p. 169) In 1848, Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton organized the first meeting of
the U.S. women's rights movement at
A. Seneca Falls, New York.
B. Chicago, Illinois.
C. St. Louis, Missouri.
D. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
E. Charleston, South Carolina.

Difficulty: 2
37. (p. 170) Where did most of the initial battles for women's rights take place?
A. at the federal level
B. in the courts
C. in the home
D. with the president
E. at the state level

Difficulty: 2
5-13
38. (p. 170) Which legal case was the first to argue that the Fourteenth Amendment's protections
also applied to women?
A. Bradwell v. Illinois
B. Minor v. Happersett
C. Reed v. Reed
D. Craig v. Boren
E. Lawrence v. Texas

Difficulty: 3
39. (p. 171) Which amendment to the Constitution prohibits the federal government from
abridging or denying citizens the right to vote on account of sex?
A. Twentieth
B. Twenty-First
C. Nineteenth
D. Eighteenth
E. Fourteenth

Difficulty: 2
40. (p. 171) In what year did 18-year-olds get the right to vote?
A. 1828
B. 1868
C. 1919
D. 1948
E. 1971

Difficulty: 1
5-14
41. (p. 172) When did the second wave of the women's movement begin?
A. 1930s
B. 1940s
C. 1950s
D. 1960s
E. 1970s

Difficulty: 2
42. (p. 173) Women were provided equal protection under the law by
A. the Equal Pay Act.
B. Title VII.
C. Title IX.
D. the Equal Rights Amendment.
E. Title VII, Title IX, and the Equal Pay Act.

Difficulty: 2
43. (p. 173) Under the 1976 case of Craig v. Boren, in order for different treatment in a sex-
based discrimination case to be legal it must be
A. necessary to achieve a compelling public interest.
B. a reasonable means for achieving a legitimate public interest.
C. substantially related to an important government interest.
D. rationally related to a legitimate government interest.
E. narrowly tailored because it deals with a suspect classification.

Difficulty: 3
5-15
44. (p. 174) The experience of facing discrimination for multiple reasons, such as because you
are black, low-income, and female is known as
A. steering.
B. de facto segregation.
C. de jure segregation.
D. intersectionality.
E. heightened scrutiny.

Difficulty: 2
45. (p. 175) What outcome resulted from most of the 370 treaties entered into between Native
American tribes and the federal government between 1778 and 1870?
A. The tribes received access to land.
B. The tribes were granted resource and occupancy rights, but not land.
C. The tribes and the federal government reached financial settlements.
D. The federal government reneged on its promises, and the tribes received no land.
E. The tribes sued the federal government for increased lands, and often won.

Difficulty: 2
Text Answer Hint: Other Civil Rights Movements
46. (p. 175) Which Native American movement, formed in 1968, pursued aggressive tactics in
an attempt to gain full legal equality?
A. American Indian Movement
B. American Indian Defense Association
C. Indian Rights Association
D. Society of American Indians
E. Native Americans for Justice

Difficulty: 2
5-16
47. (p. 176) Which is the largest minority group in the United States?
A. African Americans
B. Asian Americans
C. Latinos
D. Native Americans
E. None of these answers is correct.

Difficulty: 2
48. (p. 176) Of the following groups, which had the LOWEST participation rate in the 2012
presidential election?
B. Latinos
C. whites
D. African Americans and Latinos had very similar participation rates.
E. Whites and Latinos had very similar participation rates.

Difficulty: 2
49. (p. 177) The mass movement for Mexican American civil rights, of which Cesar Chavez was
a leader, is known as
A. the Latino Movement.
B. LULAC.
C. the Chicano Movement.
D. NALEO.
E. the Lambda Legal Movement.

Difficulty: 2
5-17
50. (p. 177) Which 1971 Court decision established Latinos as a legally recognized minority
group in the United States?
A. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
B. United States v. Lopez
C. Mendez v. Westminister
D. Corpus Christi Independent School District v. Cisneros
E. Lawrence v. Texas

Difficulty: 2
51. (p. 178) From which country of origin does the largest percentage of Asian Americans
derive?
A. India
B. China
C. Japan
D. Korea
E. the Philippines

Difficulty: 2
52. (p. 179) Which minority group enjoys the highest median income?
B. Mexican Americans
C. Asian Americans
D. Native Americans
E. Latinos

Difficulty: 1
5-18
53. (p. 179) What year saw the passage of the Americans with Disabilities Act, which enhances
the federal prohibition of discrimination against people with disabilities?
A. 1968
B. 1973
C. 1988
D. 1990
E. 2008

Difficulty: 1
54. (p. 179-180) What was the main purpose of the Americans with Disabilities Act Amendments,
passed in 2008?
A. To decrease the amount of benefits the federal government paid to disabled people
B. To broaden the meaning and scope of the term "disability"
C. To give states greater leeway in how they treated the disabled
D. To replace the Americans with Disabilities Act
E. To narrow the list of conditions considered disabilities

Difficulty: 3
55. (p. 180) Which U.S. president was the first to define and use the term affirmative action?
A. Franklin Roosevelt
B. Dwight Eisenhower
C. John F. Kennedy
D. Lyndon Johnson
E. Jimmy Carter

Difficulty: 1
Text Answer Hint: Affirmative Action: Is It Constitutional?
5-19
56. (p. 180) Private companies, nonprofit organizations, and government agencies that receive
federal government contracts worth at least ________ are required by law to have an
affirmative action plan.
A. $1,000
B. $5,000
C. $10,000
D. $50,000
E. $100,000

Difficulty: 2
57. (p. 180) Critics of affirmative action argue that it

A. unreasonably favors certain minority groups over others.
B. discriminates against Caucasian Americans.
C. is a waste of federal resources.
D. contains too many loopholes and exceptions.
E. is no longer needed, as no discrimination exists in America today.

Difficulty: 1
58. (p. 180-181) Colleges and universities use affirmative action policies to ensure a student body
that is diverse in
A. race.
B. color.
C. economic status.
D. place of origin.
E. race, color, economic status, and place of origin.

Difficulty: 2
5-20
59. (p. 182) In Grutter v. Bollinger (2003) the Supreme Court ruled that in making admissions
decisions universities could consider race
A. not at all.
B. as long as it was rationally related to a reasonable university policy.
C. as a factor, but not an overriding factor.
D. as its sole consideration.
E. only if the university could show a lack of diversity.

Difficulty: 2
Essay Questions
60. Identify the three tests used by the federal government to determine the legality of suspect
classifications.
Because civil rights are not absolute, the national courts have created "tests" that can be used
to determine when unequal treatment is legal. The strict scrutiny test is used to determine the
legality of differential treatment based on a suspect classification (race, ethnic origin,
religion). The heightened, or intermediate, scrutiny test is used to determine the legality of
sex-based discrimination. The ordinary scrutiny or rational basis test is the weakest of the
three tests and used in all other cases of differential treatment, such as in age-based
discrimination cases.
61. Discuss the origins and features of Jim Crow laws.
Jim Crow laws appeared in the South as a means of mandating racial segregation after the
Civil War and Reconstruction. These laws required the strict separation of racial groups, with
whites and "nonwhites" attending separate schools, working in different jobs, and using
segregated public accommodations. These laws provided de jure segregation, and reflected
the white view that the two societies should be separate.
5-21
62. Explain the key features of the separate but equal doctrine created by the Court's ruling in
Plessy v. Ferguson.
The separate but equal doctrine resulted from the Plessy v. Ferguson decision in 1896. In a 7-
1 ruling, the Court declared that separate but equal facilities did not violate the Fourteenth
Amendment's equal protection clause. Under this doctrine, the Court upheld state laws
mandating separation of the races in schools and all public accommodations such as
businesses, transport, restaurants, hotels, swimming pools, and other recreational facilities.
63. Discuss the role played by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. in developing effective strategies
against racial discrimination.
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. was a key individual within the civil rights movement of the
1960s. He was only 27 years old when he led a bus boycott in Montgomery, Alabama, to
protest against Rosa Parks's arrest and segregated public facilities. He went on to lead the
national movement, and advocated protest through civil disobedience and peaceful
demonstrations. His "I Have a Dream" speech attracted hundreds of thousands of people to
Washington, D.C. His strategy was effective, even after his assassination in Memphis in 1968.
64. Outline the important provisions of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
The government reacted to the civil rights movement by passing the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
Simultaneously expanding many Americans' rights and providing protections from
discrimination, the act included many provisions that mandate equality. It outlaws arbitrary
discrimination in voter registration practices; bans discrimination in all public
accommodations and prohibits state authorities from imposing such prohibitions; empowers
the U.S. Attorney General to sue to desegregate public schools; bars government agencies
from discrimination; and establishes a standard of equality in employment opportunity.
65. Explain the impact of the civil rights movement on voter registration in the southern
states.
The civil rights movement was the culmination of many acts by individuals and groups that
worked to increase voter turnout and registration in the South, as well as other goals. In terms
of voter registration, the movement was an unqualified success, with many southern states
seeing a greater percentage of African American voters registered than whites.
5-22
American Democracy Now 4th Edition Harrison Test Bank
66. Discuss the reasons behind the failure to ratify the ERA (Equal Rights Amendment).
The ERA was written by Alice Paul in 1923. By the 1970s, lobbying pressure encouraged
Congress to consider the ERA for passage into law. Congress approved the ERA, but when it
was sent to the states for ratification opponents fought against it, arguing that it duplicated the
Fourteenth Amendment and was unnecessary. Opponents also argued the ERA would make
women subject to the draft, make all institutions integrated, including bathrooms, and would
legalize abortions. These arguments, true or not, proved effective, and the ERA failed to gain
enough state support by its 1982 deadline.
67. Identify the purpose and impact of the 1988 Indian Gaming Regulatory Act.
The act was designed to provide economic opportunities for Native Americans by authorizing
them to establish gaming operations on their property. The money raised must be used for
education, economic development, infrastructure, law enforcement, and courts. Despite this
influx, many Native Americans remain behind other Americans in education and economic
wealth.
68. Discuss the development and impact of the Chicano Movement on the process of
achieving equal rights for Hispanic Americans.
Born in the 1960s, the Chicano Movement was composed of Latino organizations focusing on
a variety of issues, including equal employment rights and equal access to education. Led by
individuals such as Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta, and engaging in protests and boycotts,
they succeeded by the early 1970s in getting Latinos recognized as a racial minority group,
covered by all appropriate laws and protections.
69. Discuss the effects of the ADA (Americans with Disabilities Act) of 1990 on the civil
rights of disabled Americans.
The ADA transformed the range of opportunities for people with disabilities, who as a result
of the act now enjoy equal access to all public accommodations and facilities, including
public transportation. The act also means that disabled Americans also enjoy mandated equal
employment opportunities.
5-23
Visit TestBankBell.com to get complete for all chapters

American Democracy Now 4th Edition Harrison Test Bank

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

American Democracy Now 4th Edition Harrison Test Bank

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

American Democracy Now 4th Edition Harrison Test Bank

American Democracy Now 4th Edition Harrison Test

To download the complete and accurate content document, go to:

Visit TestBankBell.com to get complete for all chapters

Multiple Choice Questions

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

10. (p. 157) The 1996 Defense of Marriage Act

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

57. (p. 180) Critics of affirmative action argue that it

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation