Test Bank for Chemistry and Chemical Reactivity, 8th Edition: John C.

Kotz

Test Bank for Chemistry and Chemical Reactivity, 8th

Edition: John C. Kotz

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-edition-john-c-kotz/

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Chapter 6—The Structure of Atoms

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Which of the following regions of the electromagnetic spectrum have longer wavelengths than visible
light?
1. infrared radiation
2. ultraviolet radiation
3. microwave radiation

a. 1 only
b. 2 only
c. 3 only
d. 1 and 2
e. 1 and 3
ANS: E

2. Which of the following regions of the electromagnetic spectrum has the lowest frequency?
a. x-ray
b. gamma ray
c. ultraviolet
d. infrared
e. visible
ANS: D

3. Which of the following colors of visible light has the lowest frequency?
a. green
b. orange
c. red
d. yellow
e. blue
ANS: C

4. Which of the following statements is/are CORRECT?

1. FM radio waves have longer wavelengths than visible radiation and AM radio waves
have shorter wavelengths than visible radiation.
2. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) uses a mixture of x-rays and gamma rays.
3. Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation can lead to sunburns.

a. 1 only
b. 2 only
c. 3 only
d. 1 and 2
e. 1, 2, and 3
ANS: C

Kotz CCR 8e Test Bank 1

5. A green laser pointer emits light at 532.0 nm. What is the frequency of this radiation?
a. 1.594  102 s–1
b. 1.775  10–15 s–1
c. 1.595  1011 s–1
d. 5.635  1014 s–1
e. 6.270  10–12 s–1
ANS: D

6. If a radio wave has a frequency of 17.0 MHz, what is the wavelength of this radiation?
a. 5.10  1015 m
b. 5.67  10–2 m
c. 5.88  10–2 m
d. 1.76  101 m
e. 1.76  106 m
ANS: D

7. What is the frequency of gamma ray radiation that has a wavelength of 11.4 pm?
a. 3.80  10–20 s–1
b. 1.74  10–14 s–1
c. 2.63  107 s–1
d. 3.42  109 s–1
e. 2.63  1019 s–1
ANS: E

8. If a cordless phone operates at a frequency of 9.00  108 s–1. What is the wavelength of this radiation?
a. 0.333 m
b. 1.99  10–25 m
c. 3.33  10–9 m
d. 3.71  10–18 m
e. 2.70  1017 m
ANS: A

9. The ____ of a photon of light is ____ proportional to its frequency and ____ proportional to its
wavelength.
a. energy, directly, inversely
b. energy, inversely, directly
c. velocity, directly, inversely
d. intensity, inversely, directly
e. amplitude, directly, inversely
ANS: A

Kotz CCR 8e Test Bank 2

10. According to experiments concerned with the photoelectric effect, which of the following will increase
the kinetic energy of an electron ejected from a metal surface?
1. increasing the wavelength of the light striking the surface
2. increasing the frequency of the light striking the surface
3. increasing the number of photons of light striking the surface

a. 1 only
b. 2 only
c. 3 only
d. 1 and 3
e. 1, 2, and 3
ANS: B

11. Excited sodium atoms emit light in the infrared at 589 nm. What is the energy of a single photon with
this wavelength?
a. 5.09  1014 J
b. 1.12  10–27 J
c. 3.37  10–19 J
d. 3.37  10–28 J
e. 1.30  10–-19 J
ANS: C

12. What is the energy of a photon with a frequency of 1.09  1015 s–1?
a. 6.08  10–49 J
b. 1.82  10–40 J
c. 7.22  10–19 J
d. 2.75  10–7 J
e. 2.75  102 J
ANS: C

13. A red laser pointer emits light at a wavelength of 488 nm. If the laser emits 7.5  10–4 J of energy per
second in the form of visible radiation, how many photons per second are emitted from the laser?
a. 4.1  10–19 photons/sec
b. 5.4  10–16 photons/sec
c. 8.9  1014 photons/sec
d. 1.8  1015 photons/sec
e. 2.5  1018 photons/sec
ANS: D

14. What is the energy (in kilojoules per mole) of ultraviolet light with a wavelength of 228 nm?
a. 8.71  10–22 kJ
b. 19.1 kJ
c. 131 kJ
d. 456 kJ
e. 525 kJ
ANS: E

Kotz CCR 8e Test Bank 3

15. If the energy of 1.00 mole of photons is 245 kJ, what is the wavelength of the light?
a. 122 nm
b. 488 nm
c. 1220 nm
d. 787 nm
e. 811 nm
ANS: B

16. What is the binding energy of an electron in a photosensitive metal (in kJ/mol) if the longest
wavelength of light that can eject electrons from the metal is 198 nm?
a. 279 kJ/mol
b. 604 kJ/mol
c. 792 kJ/mol
d. 1.51  1012 kJ/mol
e. 6.04  10–20 kJ/mol
ANS: B

17. The energy required to break one mole of hydrogen-hydrogen bonds in H2 is 436 kJ/mol. What is the
longest wavelength of light capable of breaking a single hydrogen-hydrogen bond?
a. 0.688 nm
b. 119 nm
c. 132 nm
d. 274 nm
e. 688 nm
ANS: D

18. According to the Bohr model for the hydrogen atom, the energy necessary to excite an electron from n
= 1 to n = 2 is ____ the energy necessary to excite an electron from n = 2 to n = 3.
a. less than
b. greater than
c. equal to
d. either equal to or greater than
e. either less than or equal to
ANS: B

19. For which of the following transitions would a hydrogen atom emit the lowest energy photon?
a. n = 4 to n = 5
b. n = 5 to n = 2
c. n = 4 to n = 3
d. n = 3 to n = 1
e. n = 3 to n = 2
ANS: C

Kotz CCR 8e Test Bank 4

20. For which of the following transitions would a hydrogen atom absorb a photon with the longest
wavelength?
a. n = 1 to n = 2
b. n = 4 to n = 6
c. n = 5 to n = 4
d. n = 7 to n = 6
e. n = 6 to n = 7
ANS: E

21. For a hydrogen atom, calculate the wavelength of an emitted photon in the Lyman series that results
from the transition n = 3 to n = 1. The Rydberg constant is 1.097  107 m–1. (h = 6.626  10–34 Js and c
= 2.998  108 m/s)
a. 102.6 nm
b. 95.0 nm
c. 91.2 nm
d. 434.1 nm
e. 1005 nm
ANS: A

22. If a hydrogen atom in the excited n = 4 state relaxes to the ground state, what is the maximum number
of possible emission lines?
a. 1
b. 4
c. 6
d. 8
e. infinite
ANS: C

23. For a proton (mass = 1.673  10–27 kg) moving with a velocity of 2.83  104 m/s, what is the de
Broglie wavelength (in pm)?
a. 0.356 pm
b. 3.56 pm
c. 14.0 pm
d. 7.15 pm
e. 28.5 pm
ANS: C

24. If the de Broglie wavelength of an electron is 44 nm, what is its velocity? The mass of an electron is
9.11  10–31 kg.
a. 6.0  10–5 m/s
b. 1.2  103 m/s
c. 1.7  104 m/s
d. 3.1  1010 m/s
e. 4.8  1022 m/s
ANS: C

Kotz CCR 8e Test Bank 5

25. What is the de Broglie wavelength of a 57 g tennis ball traveling at 202 km/hr?
a. 2.1  10–34 m
b. 2.1  10–37 m
c. 5.8  10–35 m
d. 9.4  104 m
e. 4.8  1036 m
ANS: A

26. Which type of experiment demonstrates that an electron has the properties of a wave?
a. nuclear fission
b. electron diffraction
c. light emission from atomic gases
d. mass spectroscopy
e. photoelectric effect
ANS: B

27. Which type of experiment demonstrates that light has the properties of a particle?
a. nuclear fission
b. electron diffraction
c. light emission from atomic gases
d. mass spectroscopy
e. photoelectric effect
ANS: E

28. Erwin Schrödinger developed a model for the behavior of electrons in atoms that is known as quantum
mechanics. Which of the following statements concerning this model is/are CORRECT?
1. The energy of an electron is quantized.
2. The energy of an electron is equal to its mass multiplied by the square of its velocity.
3. Electrons travel in circular orbits around a nucleus.

a. 1 only
b. 2 only
c. 3 only
d. 1 and 2
e. 1, 2, and 3
ANS: A

29. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?

a. It is not possible to know the exact location of an electron and its exact energy
simultaneously.
b. The energies of an atom's electrons are quantized.
c. Quantum numbers define the energy states and the orbitals available to an electron.
d. The behavior of an atom's electrons can be described by circular orbits around a nucleus.
e. Electrons have both wave and particle properties.
ANS: D

Kotz CCR 8e Test Bank 6

30. How many orbitals have the following set of quantum numbers: n = 5, = 3, = +2?
a. 0
b. 1
c. 3
d. 6
e. 7
ANS: B

31. All of the following sets of quantum numbers are allowed EXCEPT
a. n = 1, = 0, =0
b. n = 2, = 2, = +1
c. n = 3, = 1, = –1
d. n = 4, = 1, =0
e. n = 5, = 4, = –3

ANS: B

32. All of the following sets of quantum numbers are allowed EXCEPT
a. n = 5, = 3, = +2
b. n = 4, = 2, = –1
c. n = 3, = 0, =0
d. n = 2, = 0, = +1
e. n = 2, = 1, =0

ANS: D

33. What is the total number of orbitals having n = 4 and = 2?

a. 3
b. 5
c. 7
d. 9
e. 10
ANS: B

34. Which of the following properties is associated with the value of the quantum number?
a. the shape of an orbital
b. the size of an orbital
c. the number of electrons in an orbital
d. the energy of an orbital
e. the orientation in space of an orbital
ANS: A

35. Which of the following properties is associated with the value of the n quantum number?
a. the number of electrons in an orbital
b. the size of an orbital
c. the orientation in space of an orbital
d. the energy of an orbital
e. the shape of an orbital
ANS: D

Kotz CCR 8e Test Bank 7

36. What type of orbital is designated n = 3, = 2, = –2?
a. 3s
b. 3p
c. 3d
d. 2f
e. 2d
ANS: C

37. What type of orbital is designated n = 3, = 0, = 0?

a. 3s
b. 3p
c. 3d
d. 3f
e. none
ANS: A

38. What type of orbital is designated n = 4, = 3, = –2?

a. 4s
b. 4p
c. 4d
d. 4f
e. none
ANS: D

39. What shell contains a total of 9 orbitals?

a. n = 2
b. n = 3
c. n = 4
d. n = 5
e. n = 9
ANS: B

40. Which of the following sets of quantum numbers refers to a 4d orbital?

a. n = 2, = 1, = –1
b. n = 2, = 4, = –1
c. n = 4, = 2, = –1
d. n = 4, = 3, =0
e. n = 4, = 3, = +2

ANS: C

Kotz CCR 8e Test Bank 8

41. Which of the following statements is/are CORRECT?
1. The angular momentum quantum number, , of an electron in an s orbital is always
equal to 0.
2. The magnetic quantum number, , of an electron in a p orbital is +1, 0, or –1.
3. The principle quantum number, n, of an electron in a d orbital must be equal to or
greater than 3.

a. 1 only
b. 2 only
c. 3 only
d. 1 and 2
e. 1, 2, and 3
ANS: E

42. A 3p orbital has ?

a. 0 planar nodes and 1 spherical node.
b. 1 planar node and 0 spherical nodes.
c. 1 planar node and 1 spherical node.
d. 1 planar node and 2 spherical nodes.
e. 2 planar nodes and 1 spherical node.
ANS: C

43. The n = ____ shell is the lowest that may contain f-orbitals.
a. 2
b. 3
c. 4
d. 5
e. 6
ANS: C

44. Which of the following diagrams represent d-orbitals?

a. 1 only
b. 2 only
c. 3 only
d. 4 only
e. 1 and 4
ANS: E

Kotz CCR 8e Test Bank 9

 45. Which of the following diagrams represent p-orbitals?

a. 1 only
b. 2 only
c. 3 only
d. 4 only
e. 1 and 2
ANS: B

46. Which of the following statements is/are CORRECT?

1. A paramagnetic substance is attracted to a magnetic field.
2. An atom with no unpaired electrons is ferromagnetic.
3. Atoms with one or more unpaired electrons are paramagnetic.

a. 1 only
b. 2 only
c. 3 only
d. 1 and 3
e. 1, 2, and 3
ANS: D

47. Which of the following statements is/are CORRECT?

1. A diamagnetic substance is strongly attracted to a magnetic field.
2. Substances that retain their magnetism after they are withdrawn from a magnetic
field are called ferromagnetic.
3. Most transition metals and all lanthanide metals are ferromagnetic.

a. 1 only
b. 2 only
c. 3 only
d. 1 and 3
e. 1, 2, and 3
ANS: B

SHORT ANSWER

48. According to Heisenberg's ________ principle, it is impossible to simultaneously measure the exact
location and energy of an electron.

ANS:
uncertainty

49. A point in a standing wave that has zero amplitude is called a(n) ________.

ANS:
node

Kotz CCR 8e Test Bank 10

Test Bank for Chemistry and Chemical Reactivity, 8th Edition: John C. Kotz

50. The ________ quantum number is given the symbol . This quantum number is related to the
orientation in space of an orbital.

ANS:
magnetic

51. A ________, designated by the Greek symbol , describes the wave behavior of an electron in an
atom.

ANS:
wavefunction

52. The Bohr model predicts that the energy of an atom's electron is ________, meaning that the electron
can only occupy orbitals of specific energies.

ANS:
quantized

53. What evidence does the photoelectric effect provide that photons are not only waves?

ANS:
The photoelectric effect provides evidence that an electron is ejected when a single particle of light (as
opposed to a wave of light) interacts with a metal surface. When photons of sufficient energy strike a
metal surface, electrons are ejected. The number of ejected electrons is proportional to the number of
photons striking the surface (which is consistent with both wave and particle theories of light).
However, the energy of an ejected electron is independent of the number of photons striking the
surface. If the interaction of matter and light was dependent on wave properties, then increasing the
intensity of the light would increase the energy striking the surface and thus increase the energy of an
ejected electron. Furthermore, there is a minimum wavelength of light required to eject an electron
from a metal surface. At longer wavelengths, no photons are ejected from a metal regardless of the
intensity of the light.

54. The size of an electron orbital is often chosen to be the distance within which 90% of the electron
density is found. Why is the orbital radius not chosen to be the distance within which 100% of the
electron density is found?

ANS:
The probability of finding an electron decreases exponentially as distance from the nucleus increases.
However, the probability does not reach zero until the electron is an infinite distance from the nucleus.

Kotz CCR 8e Test Bank 11

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