Test bank for Chemistry for Today: General Organic and Biochemistry 9th Edition by Seager

Test bank for Chemistry for Today: General Organic

and Biochemistry 9th Edition by Seager

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MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Nuclear emissions are passed through a tunnel that has a positive plate on the top and
a negative plate on the bottom. Which of the following emissions is deflected the
greatest by the electrical field?
a.  particles b.  particles c. neutrons d.  rays
ANS: B PTS: 1

2. Which of the following consists of a stream of charged particles?

a. alpha rays c. gamma rays
b. beta rays d. More than one response is correct.
ANS: D PTS: 1

3. Which of the following is not attracted or repelled by electrical charges?

a. alpha rays c. gamma rays
b. beta rays d. More than one response is correct.
ANS: C PTS: 1

4. Which of the nuclear emissions is of the greatest mass?

a.  particles b.  particles c. neutrons d. positrons
ANS: A PTS: 1

5. Which of the following is not a nuclear reaction?

a. fusion c. fission
b. radioactive decay d. redox
ANS: D PTS: 1

6. Which of the following would have the least penetrating power into matter?
a. alpha particles c. gamma rays
b. beta particles d. neutrons
ANS: A PTS: 1

7. You inject a 160 lb male patient with 1.0 ml of a saline solution containing a radioactive
form of sodium. It has an activity of 5.0  104 dpm. After allowing sufficient time for the
solution to mix, you remove a 1.0 ml sample of blood and measure its radioactivity.
You discover it to have an activity of 11 dpm. What is the patient's blood volume?
(Hint: this is similar to a M1V1 = M2V2 type problem.)
a. 2.2 liters b. 3.5 liters c. 4.6 liters d. 7.0 liters
ANS: C PTS: 1

8. Which of the following are made up of particles identical to electrons?

a. alpha rays c. gamma rays
b. beta rays d. more than one response is correct
ANS: B PTS: 1

9. What is the nuclear composition of ?

 a. 12 neutrons and 28 protons c. 12 protons and 28 neutrons
b. 12 neutrons and 16 protons d. 12 protons and 16 neutrons
ANS: D PTS: 1

10. The number of neutrons in the nucleus of the isotope is _____ .

a. 11 b. 22 c. 12 d. 32
ANS: A PTS: 1

11. Which is the explanation for the difference between the two isotopes of carbon, C-12
and C-14?
a. C-14 contains 2 more protons than does C-12.
b. C-14 contains 1 proton and 1 neutron more than does C-12.
c. C-14 contains 2 more neutrons than does C-12.
d. C-14 contains 2 more electrons than does C-12.
ANS: C PTS: 1

12. An individual would have to work from behind a special, thick protective wall when
which kind of an emitter is involved?
a. alpha b. beta c. gamma d. free radicals
ANS: C PTS: 1

13. Which of the responses represent the missing particle in the following reaction?

a. b. c. d.

ANS: C PTS: 1

14. Which of the following types of radiation is composed of particles which carry a
negative charge?
a. alpha b. beta c. gamma d. positron
ANS: B PTS: 1

15. Carbon-14 dating is a useful tool for determining the age of the artifacts of ancient
civilizations. However, when future archeologists study ruins of our civilization, they
obtain confusing results -- with some artifacts dating MUCH older than others. Which
of the following would be an explanation for these results?
a. Variations in the Sun's intensity and production of cosmic rays.
b. Ecosystem changes resulting in a reduction in carbon based life.
c. The use of petroleum based synthetic materials.
d. None of the choices.
ANS: C PTS: 1

16. The decay of to occurs through the emission of

a. an alpha particle. c. a positron.
b. a beta particle. d. a proton.
ANS: C PTS: 1
17. is an alpha emitter. What is the element produced by the decay of Np-237?
a. U b. Pa c. Th d. Pu
ANS: B PTS: 1

18. The greatest threat posed by a nuclear (fission) power plant is

a. release of radioactive isotopes when the molten core reaches the water table.
b. fish kills resulting from use of local rivers for cooling.
c. having the core melt, ultimately reaching China.
d. thermonuclear detonation.
ANS: A PTS: 1

19. Tritium has a half-life of 12.5 years. If you had a sample of 8.00 grams of tritium today,
how many grams of tritium would you have in 37.5 years?
a. 8.00 g b. 4.00 g c. 2.00 g d. 1.00 g
ANS: D PTS: 1

20. Sodium-24 has a half-life of 15.0 hours. Suppose you had a sample containing 0.010
moles of Na-24. How many hours would be required to reduce your sample to 6.25 
10−4 moles?
a. 120 b. 60 c. 45 d. 30
ANS: B PTS: 1

21. Technetium-99m is used in medical diagnosis by injecting a solution and watch for the
pattern of emissions. A 0.325 g sample was injected into a person, and the emission
rate indicates that there are approximately 0.01016 grams of Tc-99 left. How much time
has passed since the injection? Tc-99 has a half-life of 6 hours.
a. 24 hours c. 36 hours
b. 30 hours d. Not enough data.
ANS: B PTS: 1

22. Which form of radiation would not be deflected by a magnetic field?

a. protons b. neutrons c. beta particles d. positrons
ANS: B PTS: 1

23. In nuclear reactions, the principle change occurs in the ______.

a. molecular bonds c. physical state of the matter
b. electron arrangement d. nucleus of the atom
ANS: D PTS: 1

24. The term "nuclear energy" is most closely associated with which one of the following
processes?
a. nuclear fusion c. cyclotron bombardment
b. nuclear fission d. radioactive decay
ANS: B PTS: 1

25. Which of the emissions can be the cause of radiation sickness?

 a.  particles b.  particles c. neutrons d. all of them
ANS: D PTS: 1

26. Free radicals are dangerous because

a. they are found incorporated in any radioisotope, including those that can enter the
body through the lungs as does radon
b. they can be taken into the body in the food eaten if that food has been grown in
radioactive soil
c. they are substances that are missing some electrons and are extremely active
chemically
d. All of these responses are correct.
ANS: C PTS: 1

27. What are some of the symptoms of radiation sickness?

a. hemorrhage b. nausea c. anemia d. all of them
ANS: D PTS: 1

28. What is the emission that is used to obtain a CAT scan?

a. alpha c. X-ray
b. beta d. none of these responses
ANS: C PTS: 1

29. What is the emission that is used to obtain an MRI?

a. alpha b. beta c. X-ray d. none of them
ANS: D PTS: 1

30. Which technique of medical investigation presents no ionizing radiation risk to the
patient?
a. X-ray b. CAT scan c. MRI d. all of them
ANS: C PTS: 1

31. Which measure of radiation is used to account for health differences of various types
of radiation?
a. curie b. rem c. gray d. rad
ANS: B PTS: 1

32. Which emissions can be detected by a film badge?

a. X-rays b. gamma c. beta d. all are detected
ANS: D PTS: 1

33. What is a desired characteristic of a diagnostic tracer?

a. short half-life c. be soluble in water
b. a beta emitter d. all of these responses are correct
ANS: A PTS: 1

34. Which of the following radioisotopes is not used as a diagnostic tracer?

a. I-131 b. Mg-24 c. Kr-81 d. Fe-59
 ANS: B PTS: 1

35. What characteristic is important in using radioisotope dating for very old items, such
as rocks suspected to be over 100,000,000 years old?
a. The radioisotope cannot be soluble in water.
b. The radioisotope must give off light for easy measurement.
c. The radioisotope in question must decay to another radioisotope.
d. The radioisotope should have a very long half-life.
ANS: D PTS: 1

36. There are some elements within the periodic table that do not occur in nature. One of
the man-made elements is _____ .
a. Ta b. Pt c. Tc d. La
ANS: C PTS: 1

37. Synthetic elements can be produced by

a. the application of extremely high voltages.
b. by the bombardment of light with electrons.
c. by the bombardment of an atom by high speed neutrons.
d. All of the responses are correct.
ANS: C PTS: 1

38. An isotope of zinc containing 36 neutrons is bombarded with and captures a proton.
What isotope is produced as a product of the reaction?
a. zinc-67 b. gallium-66 c. kryton-83 d. copper-65
ANS: B PTS: 1

39. What is one of the advantages of food that has been irradiated to kill bacteria?
a. Some irradiated foods do not require refrigeration if in air-tight packaging.
b. Irradiation is a less expensive method of preservation than is canning.
c. Irradiation has the effect of changing the color from dull colors to vibrant colors
which makes the food much more pleasing.
d. All of these responses are correct.
ANS: A PTS: 1

40. One reason that irradiated food is not readily available in most grocery stores is that
a. the cost of the irradiated foods is much higher than normally offered foods.
b. the chance of purchasing food that is still radioactive is rather high.
c. most people have not learned enough to know that they are safe.
d. All of the responses are correct.
ANS: C PTS: 1

41. Uranium-235, under the proper circumstances, will undergo nuclear decay releasing 3
high speed neutrons in the process.
a. The neutrons released slow down with time and are not functional.
b. The neutrons released can be used to cause fusion reactions.
c. The neutrons released can cause a chain reaction with other U-235 atoms.
d. The neutrons are recaptured by the nucleus to produce heavier atoms.
ANS: C PTS: 1
42. Nuclear power plants have control rods that absorb neutrons to control the reaction.
What is the composition of the control rods?
a. steel b. concrete c. U-238 d. carbon
ANS: D PTS: 1

43. How much of a fissionable material is required to have a self-sustaining reaction?

a. A mass of the fissionable element that is three times its atomic weight is required.
b. A mass of the fissionable element that is greater than the mass of the control
rods.
c. A supercritical mass of fissionable material is required and causes branching.
d. A critical mass of fissionable material is required and varies depending on the
identity of the fissionable material.
ANS: D PTS: 1

44. What is the nature of the reactions that occur in a star?

a. They are extremely fast chemical reactions
b. They are fission reactions
c. They are a mixture of chemical & nuclear reactions
d. They are fusion reactions
ANS: D PTS: 1

45. A good radioisotope tracer for medical use should not have the following
characteristic.
a. have a long half-life
b. produce penetrating gamma radiation
c. decay to a nontoxic form
d. undergo the same reactions as the nonradioactive element
ANS: A PTS: 1

46. If you are a medical professional and have a chance to be exposed to many sources of
radiation, which of the following units to measure biological radiation will most likely
be used to express your level of total exposure?
a. roentgen b. rad c. gray d. rem
ANS: D PTS: 1

47. A patient that works at a nuclear power plant comes to you complaining of nausea and
fatigue. You find out that he might have been exposed to a radiation source; what
would you recommend be done?
a. Nothing, If he is still alive, there is no real problem.
b. Send the patient home to rest because nausea and fatigue are not signs of a
serious exposure.
c. Have additional tests ran to find out the level of exposure.
d. Tell the patient to take two aspirins and call you in the morning, he probably has
the flu.
ANS: C PTS: 1

48. The new nuclei produced when unstable nuclei undergo radioactive decay is referred
to as the _____ .
a. father nuclei c. mother nuclei
 b. daughter nuclei d. neighbor nuclei
ANS: B PTS: 1

49. History's first critical chain reaction took place in an atomic pile. The neutrons from
fission reactions caused other fission reactions to occur. What would be the most
effective method to stop the fission reaction from proceeding?
a. throw water on the pile to cool the reaction
b. add more neutrons to the reaction
c. place strong neutron absorbers into the pile
d. none of the choices
ANS: C PTS: 1

50. Why is radiation so harmful to living things?

a. creates free radicals which are highly reactive
b. reactions occur causing genetic mutations
c. turns the skin green
d. More than one response is correct.
ANS: D PTS: 1

51. Which of the following would be the correct symbol for an americium-243 nucleus
using the symbolism?
a. b. c. d.

ANS: C PTS: 1

52. Manganese can undergo several types of radioactive emission. In which type of
decay does the following reaction occur?
a. alpha b. beta c. positron d. gamma
ANS: B PTS: 1

53. Sn-108 undergoes electron capture. The product of this reaction would be _____ .
a. b. c. d.

ANS: D PTS: 1

54. A radioactive isotope of a metal produced a reading of 188 Bq. Another reading of
the activity was taken 4 hours later and the reading was 47.0 Bq. What is the half-life
of this isotope?
a. 4 hr b. 2 hr c. 1 hr d. 30 min
ANS: B PTS: 1

55. The intensity of a radiation source was measured by a Geiger-Müller counter to be 236
counts per minute when the counter was place 124 ft from the source. What will be
the intensity when the counter is 248 ft from the source?
a. 59.0 counts per minute c. 118 counts per minute
b. 236 counts per minute d. 472 counts per minute
ANS: A PTS: 1
56. 5.6 mCi would be equal to _____ .
a. 3.7  1010 disintegrations/sec c. 2.1  108 disintegrations/sec
b. 2.1  1011 disintegrations/sec d. 1.5  10-13 disintegrations/sec
ANS: C PTS: 1

57. Consider the figure below. Which form of emitted radiation would follow the path
shown by the arrow labeled 1?

a.  b. − c.  d. +
ANS: B PTS: 1

58. Consider the figure below. Which form of emitted radiation would follow the path
shown by the arrow labeled 2?

a.  b. − c.  d. +
ANS: C PTS: 1

59. Consider the figure below. Which form of emitted radiation would follow the path
shown by the arrow labeled 3?

a.  b. − c.  d. n
ANS: A PTS: 1

60. Which of the following is a physical measurement of radioactivity?

a. gray b. becquerel c. rad d. roentgen
ANS: B PTS: 1

61. Which of the following would be associated with medical testing?

a. breeder reactor c. geochronology
b. carbon dating d. radioimmunoassay
ANS: D PTS: 1
 62. A patient undergoes external irradiation with Co-60 for treatment of cancer. Which of
the following would you NOT expect to observe as a result of this type of treatment?
a. diarrhea c. bone marrow destruction
b. hair loss d. altered blood chemistry
ANS: C PTS: 1

63. Nuclear power generation relies on what type of reaction?

a. subcritical c. supercritical
b. critical d. thermonuclear
ANS: B PTS: 1

TRUE/FALSE

1. A nuclear reaction in which beta particles are emitted yields an atom that weighs 2 
less than the starting element.

ANS: F PTS: 1

2. Gamma emissions can be stopped with the use of an electromagnetic field because of
their dense charge and their mass.

ANS: F PTS: 1

3. Increased distance between the organism and the radiation source reduces the effect
of radiation.

ANS: T PTS: 1

4. Ionizing radiation produced fee radicals in living tissue.

ANS: T PTS: 1

5. The intensity of radiation is 100 units 15 feet from the source. The intensity would then
be 300 units 5 feet from the source.

ANS: F PTS: 1

6. A rem is a biological radiation measurement which is independent of the type of

radiation.

ANS: T PTS: 1

7. A dose of 600 rem is nearly always fatal.

ANS: T PTS: 1

8. Film badges will detect only X-rays.

ANS: F PTS: 1
 9. A major problem with attempting to measure the effect of an exposure to emissions is
that each different emission has a different effect on tissue due to the differences in
penetration.

ANS: T PTS: 1

10. Radioisotopes which emit alpha rays make the best diagnostic tracers.

ANS: F PTS: 1

11. Diagnostic tracers form cool spots when they are accumulated in diseased tissue.

ANS: F PTS: 1

12. The reasons why I-131 is not suitable for use as a tracer are the same reasons why
I-131 is an appropriate choice to treat thyroid cancer.

ANS: T PTS: 1

13. A desirable characteristic of a radioisotope used as a tracer is that it produces a

radioactive daughter.

ANS: F PTS: 1

14. A common use of radioisotopes is to speed up chemical reactions.

ANS: F PTS: 1

15. Carbon-14 is only effective in dating an object up to approximately 10 half-lives. The

reason is that the speed with which C-14 decays increases after 10 half-lives.

ANS: F PTS: 1

16. A wooden box found in an Egyptian tomb could have its age determined using
carbon-14.

ANS: T PTS: 1

17. A gold artifact from Peru could have its age determined using carbon-14.

ANS: F PTS: 1

18. The radioisotope radon-222 is a gas that is a health hazard because it can make its
way into the house from the soil in which it is produced, be inhaled, and cause lung
cancer.

ANS: T PTS: 1

19. The elements beyond uranium, the trans-uranium elements, are all synthetic.

ANS: T PTS: 1

20. Most of the synthetic (man-made) elements are stable and have been produced in
large amounts.
Test bank for Chemistry for Today: General Organic and Biochemistry 9th Edition by Seager

ANS: F PTS: 1

21. One of the symbols for a beta particle is .

ANS: F PTS: 1

22. The following equation describes the amount of energy released in nuclear reactions.
E = mc2

ANS: T PTS: 1

23. Extensive use of an MRI should be avoided as it is a source of significant nuclear

radiation exposure.

ANS: F PTS: 1

24. The gray is one of several units used in association with the biological impact of
radiation exposure.

ANS: T PTS: 1

25. The curie, becquerel and roentgen are all physical units of radiation.

ANS: F PTS: 1

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