GE STS

GROUP 10
T THU
12:00-1:30PM
Ms Lorylie Crisostomo

Activity 2: Mapping Early

HumanTechnology

GROUPMATES:

Manzano, Cindy
Villar, Sheila
De Los Santos, Keena
Caburnay, Christian Jeeves
Deon Julyan

A. Using the lens of anthropology, explain the relationships of the environment, human adaptation,
and technology (250-300 words).

The environment acts as a backdrop for human communities, leading to the complex
interaction between human adaptability and technology, which is an important subject in
anthropology. Climate, geography, resources, and ecological problems all have a significant impact
on human populations, forcing unique survival tactics.

Human adaptation occurs both biologically and culturally. Biological adaptation, caused by genetic
modifications, allows populations to thrive in specific habitats throughout generations. Cultural
adaptation, on the other hand, happens quickly as societies gain tools, knowledge, and social
practices to navigate their surroundings. Human societies shape their identities by the interaction of
biology and culture.

Technology serves as a bridge for adaptation, allowing humanity to adjust to environmental

obstacles. It includes everything from prehistoric stone tools to modern digital developments in
terms of tools, techniques, and knowledge. As evidenced in the growth of agriculture and the
industrial revolution, innovation has transformed society.

The primary goal of anthropology is to understand the relationship between environment,

adaptability, and technology. Anthropologists provide perspectives on human ingenuity, resilience,
and cultural diversity by researching how different cultures have handled unusual environmental
limitations. This perspective prepares us to solve present global concerns such as climate change
and shortages of resources, as well as for understanding how societies adapt in the face of
hardship. Anthropology highlights its importance in leading us toward sustainable futures in the
midst of our changing relationship with the planet.

B. Elucidate your answer in number one by

* mapping out the evidence of early human technology in the specific country you have chosen. . You
must indicate the
* specific technology
* its estimated dates - age of technology and
* the place where the technology has evolved (specific place where the technology was found).

Early humans in India date back thousands of years, and their history is rich and diverse. One well
known example is the Indus Valley Civilization, which thrived around 2500-1900 BCE. This ancient
civilization, located in what is now modern day Pakistan and northwest India, featured advanced
urban planning, writing systems, and trade networks. The people of the Indus Valley are considered
early inhabitants of the Indian subcontinent. However, even before the Indus Valley Civilization,
various groups of hunter gatherers and early agricultural communities inhabited different regions of
India. These early humans played a significant role in shaping the subcontinent’s cultural and
historical heritage.

The cities of the Indus Valley Civilization, such as Mohenjo Daro and Harappa, featured well planned
street grids, advanced drainage systems, and well organized housing. This suggests a high level of
urban planning and engineering skills. The Indus Valley people constructed impressive buildings and
structures, including multi-story houses made of baked bricks. These buildings featured bathrooms
and complex drainage systems, indicating a good understanding of sanitation and construction
techniques. The civilization produced a wide range of pottery, including intricately designed
ceramics. They used a potter’s wheel to create uniform and finely crafted pottery. This had
knowledge of metallurgy, as evidenced by the discovery of copper, bronze, and lead artifacts. They
were skilled in metalworking, creating tools, jewelry, and other items from these materials.

C .You must provide a description of each technology, in-terms of what resources it is made of, and
the functional use and or human activity it is associated with.
* You must provide an image /picture of the technology (size 2x2 of 4x4).

While many innovations were found here it is mostly developed to further their society and system.

Standard Weight Measuring -using Cubic stones it helps standardize the system of which things are
weighed. Usually it is for merchants to determine what items are valuable by their weight. Whether
how heavy one thing is the more it is valued. Research institutions use precise weight
measurements in scientific experiments and material research.

Sewer System -the system was built with the bricks of which the area around it was available on.
Water goes into homes and waste water goes through drains and canals that lead outside, into
drains that are covered that eventually lead outside the city. In nature we have the desire to expel or
produce unwanted waste. Our need to be clean or how we value cleanliness is one of the reasons
why a sewer system exists. This technology aids in planning, designing, and maintaining sewer
systems, optimizing their layout for efficiency.

Metallurgy -metal such as copper and iron has become the next step in evolution for tools. The way
to utilize it and develop from it was a skill in it of itself. People have found a way to melt and make
the most out of these metals like develop a pure copper, tools for others like fishhooks or saws. To
develop other technologies we need to further the technology we use to make them. So we mastered
the ways of metals and then sprung more things to use and more things to develop even more as a
society. It is integral in the production of electronic components such as connectors, conductors,
and semiconductor materials.