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TRENDS, NETWORKS and CRITICAL THINKING IN THE 21st CENTURY

HUMSS 102 - BEED/BSED 1 Bridging Class
Week 1and 2

Program/Year : BEED1/BSED 1 Bridging Class

Descriptive Title : Trends, Networks and Critical Thinking in the 21st Century
Course Instructor : Rosalie M. Blanca
rosaliemallorca0485@gmail.com
Mobile #09300351868

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS:
1. Provide your own activity or log notebook (2 pieces big 50 leaves notebook) for records of
your online and offline readings and activity tasks.
2. Part of answering these activities are the instructions, so you must follow all of the given
instructions.
3. In every performance/product-based activity, rubrics are given to be used as the bases of
checking your output.
4. Assignments should be submitted on the date given.
5. Create an e-mail account.

Brief Introduction
The human race has undergone much change through time. Survival skills were necessary to surpass the
challenges posed by the external environment. Evidently man is not only inquisitive but also innovative. He was
able to develop ways to utilize all the elements found in his surroundings which became his tool to satisfy his
needs. These elements provided means to improve his life from being agricultural towards being technological.
Let us be awed by how humans have intelligently manipulated the elements around him for the survival of
himself and his community.
Learning Outcomes
At the end of this chapter, the learners are expected to:
 understand how human society innovation history
 identify certain developments that paved the way for technology
 determine the evolution of a self-subsisting society
 assess human communal progress through time

Get a dictionary and look for the meaning of each word.

Key Concepts:
Communal Experience Society
Human Settlement Technology
Innovations
Discussion
There are numerous discussions and arguments about how humans and societies were formed. It is
basically a question of how and why we were able to arrive at this point of massive development. The inventions,
technology, innovations and immense creation that we have devised are but reflections of the infinite intelligence
that humans possess. Undeniably, our rise from individual existence towards becoming a person for others is a
result of our evolution from being simple entities who struggled to survive in the midst of these environments.
This action was geared towards becoming a complex being that rose to control his external surrounding to serve
and answer the primary needs of human beings.
 Initially it took us around 12,000 years to learn to cultivate the land and benefit from its fruits. It was only
around 8,000 years ago that we discovered how to use metal. Furthermore, we started to write about our
experiences only about 5,000 years ago. All of these contributed to the development and evolution of the
human mind. Allow us to review some of these major events in human history that are necessary to trace our
beginnings.
 Human settlement began around 12,000 B.C. when migration started to happen from major areas near and
within the African Continent. From our evolution 200,000 year ago human started to move forwards the
different areas in the planet to start building settlements through available resources from the environment.
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electronic or mechanical methods without the prior written permission of the writer except in the case of brief quotations embodied in
critical reviews and certain other non-commercial uses permitted by copy right law. 1
 The decision to stay in certain location to build communities, start familial life with fellow humans have
instigated the rise of networks and relationships for a more permanent living.
 At around 10,000BC, humans never exceeded 15 million all over the world which meant that with the low
population came low production rate due to the absence of workers. Collective output requires greater
number of workers. Less means lesser ability to build and produce.
 From 10,000 BC humans had lower life span. People died even before reaching the age of 30 or a little over
30. This was brought about by their inability to protect themselves from the hazards posed by the harsh
environment.
 125,000 year ago, humans learned to control fire after much trial and error. Inability to control fire means
darkness, cold, and terrifying environment especially during night time.it was very difficult for human to
consume the food around them if they were unable to cook it through the use of fire.
 50,000 years ago, humans used stone for hunting and to protect themselves. But most of these stone tools
were crude until around 6,000BC when the first metal was found and used to create more tools. Humans
astounding ability to raise domestic animals such as dogs, pigs, horses helped the survived after much trial
and error. And so around 4,000 years ago the wheel was created to facilitate transfer of materials and people
from one are to another in a quicker and easier method. This was an evidence of human initiative and
innovativeness.
 It was 3,000BC that the ability to write and record individual and communal experience through pictures.
These writings preserved the know; edge that was developed during those times. Record keeping became a
very important work and skill in history. Through writings, ideas were recorded and preserved which
facilitated the next generations to understand much about their past.

It Pays to Know!
Top 10 Greatest Inventions of All Time
Technology is a core component of the human experience. We have been creating tools to help us tame
the physical world since the early days of our species.
Here are some major advancement,
1. Fire-it can be argued that fire was discovered rather than invented. Certainly, early humans observed
incidents of fire, but it was not until they figured out how to control it and produce it themselves that
human could really make use of everything this new tool had to offer. The earliest use of fire went back
as 2 million years ago, while a widespread way to utilize this technology had been dated to about
125,000 years ago.
2. Wheel-The wheel was invented by Mesopotamians around 3500 B.C., to be used in the creation of
pottery. About 300 years after that, the wheel was used on a chariot and the rest was history. Wheels are
ubiquitous in our everyday life, facilitating our transportation and commerce.
3. Nail-The earliest known use of this very simple but super useful metal fastener dates back to Ancient
Egypt, about 3400 B.C. If you are more partial to screws, they have been around since Ancient Greeks.
4. Optical Lenses-from glasses to microscopes and telescopes, optical lenses have greatly expanded the
possibilities of our vision. They have a long history, first developed by Ancient Egyptians and
Mesopotamians, with key theories of light and vision contributed by Ancient Greeks.
5. Compass- this navigation device has been a major force in human exploration. The earliest compasses
were made of lodestone in China between 300 to 200 BC.
6. Gunpowder-this chemical explosive, invented in China in the 9 th century, has been a major factor in
military technology.
7. Printing Press-invented in 1943 by the German Johannes Gutenberg, this device in many ways laid the
foundation for our modern age. It allowed ink to be transferred from the movable type to paper in a
mechanized way. This revolutionized the spread of knowledge and religion since previously books were
generally hand-written (often by monks).
8. Electricity-utilization of electricity was a process to which a number of bright minds have contributed
over thousands of years. The invention of the light bulb, although a separate contribution, attributed to
Thomas Edison in 1879, is certainly a major extension of the ability to harness electricity.
9. Steam Engine-invented between 1763 and 1775 by James Watt the steam engine powered trains, ships,
factories, the Industrial Revolution as a whole.
10. Telephone-Alexander Graham Bell got the first patent for an electric telephone in 1876. Certainly, this
instrument has revolutionized our ability to communicate.

Let Us Process
Direction: Discuss the relevance of each to early human society
1. Trial and error for survival
2. Human Migration
3. Low Life Span
4. Record Keeping
5. Use of Fire

Let Us Value
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electronic or mechanical methods without the prior written permission of the writer except in the case of brief quotations embodied in
critical reviews and certain other non-commercial uses permitted by copy right law. 2
 Direction: Write a 500 words essay about the ingenuity of the human mind. Create your own title for the essay.

Criteria Poor Fair Good Excellent

4 pts 6 pts 8 pts 10 pts

Introductory The introduction The introduction The introduction The introduction is

Paragraph does not clearly states the topic. clearly state the very interesting,
state the topic. topic. clearly states the
topic.
Support No sufficient The evidence Appropriate and Strong and adequate
number of evidence provides some adequate number of number of evidence
to the topic. support to the topic. evidence that that support the
support the topic topic
Content The writer is unclear The writer shows The writer has a The writer
about the topic. understanding about good control of the demonstrates a
the topic. topic. superior
understanding about
the topic.
Conclusion The essay does not The essay has a The essay has a The essay has a
contain a detailed conclusion restating detailed conclusion detailed conclusion
conclusion restating the main topic. restating the main restating the main
the topic. topic topic and wrapped
up the paper
satisfactorily.
Organization The paper lack The paper, at times, Proper Excellent
international does not flow transitions are used. transitions and topic
paragraph smoothly from Every paragraph sentence are used in
coherence. Some paragraph to contains a clear the paper to guide
ideas do not relate to paragraph. topic. readers through the
the topic. readers progression of ideas.
through the
progression of ideas.
Language The essay is not The essay is mostly The essay is written The essay is well
clear and contains clear and but it in a clear, easily written. The
many grammatical, contains several accessible form for language is clear
spelling, and /or grammatical, the reader. It and sophisticated.
sentence-level spelling, and /or contains some Grammar, spelling,
errors. sentence-level grammatical, and sentence-level
errors. spelling, and /or errors are minimal.
sentence-level
errors.

Let Us Explore
Direction: Research on any reading material from an online source about the evolution of the human society.
Read it. Pass it through e-mail.

End of Unit1

Unit 2: The Process of Change

Brief Introduction
Change is inevitable. Progress is an expectation we need to achieve. Several theories will provide
explanations as to what could possible bring about change in human life. This change is manifested in human
society, cultural practices, economic subsistence and political governance. This chapter will shed light onto what
brings about change in a theoretical perspective.

Learning Outcomes
At the end of this chapter, the learners are expected to:
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critical reviews and certain other non-commercial uses permitted by copy right law. 3
  define the concept of Social Change
 determine the causes of Social Change
 differentiate the theories between that explain the origin of social change
 elucidate and exemplify on the given theories

Let us Comprehend!

Key Concepts:
Change Social Change
Conflict Theory Structural -Functional Theory
Evolutionary Theory Symbolic Interaction Theory

Discussion
There is the popular adage which states that “nothing is permanent in this world and in this life except
for change. “Every society in this world is drastically transforming as influential trends are reshaping business,
creating new technologies and changing human needs and behavior.

What is Social Change?

Social change refers to social progress where society moves into progression or socio-cultural evolution.
Social change can be motivated by economic, religious, political or even political forces. The same may result to
tangible product like wealth or intangible such as prosperity.
Social change denotes remarkable alteration in patterns of cultural norms and patterns which yields
significance consequences such the rise of “feminist movements’ after the industrial revolution.
Several theories offer explanations to elucidate why changes happen whether they are intentional or not.
Theories are statements which provide explanation as to why people choose to perform certain actions or why
they prefer to act or behave in a manner distinct from the significant other. These theories are essential in
understanding such phenomena. These relevant theoretical perspectives which include structural-functional,
symbolic interactionism, evolutionary theory, and conflict theory.

Structural-Functional Theory
This theory of structural-functional approach further developed by Max Weber, Herbert Spencer, and
Emile Durkheim is a perspective which understands a society as structures with complex but interconnected
system which comprised of parts that works and perform certain functions. Its function basically is purposive of
maintaining the social organization. These social structures seek to preserve the stability and order within the
society through its agencies such as the family, community as well as the religious institutions. The school as an
educational institution is a social structure that plays a vital role in the learning and socialization of members of
the society.
According to this theory, this inequality consistently produces conflict between the social classes. This
theory points to the existence of the society as a source of conflict and struggle similar to that which is happening
between the rich and poor, powerful and powerless, between winners and losers which eventually results to
notable change. An example of this are the protests brought about by enslavements of the’ Blacks Americans’
which resulted to the granting of more civil rights for African Americans.

Evolutionary Theory
Evolutionary Theories asserted that societies are based on assumption that societies gradually change
from stages of simplicity towards complex forms. Development is progressive according to this perspective Social
change is deemed to be positive and move to advance change. Emile Durkheim reiterated that societies have
evolved from minimum division of labor to maximum division of labor which gave rise to organic solidarity. It is
in the perspective that societies are considered as a product of evolution from its basic form towards a more
intricate connection of networks.

Symbolic Interaction Theory

This perspective focuses on the role of language whether verbal or non-verbal to the degree of interaction
the relationship of people in a society or community. The symbolic meaning determines the relationship of people
through social interaction carried out by symbols. Max Weber stated that individual act according to their
interpretation of the world. Symbolic Interaction theory looks into the subjective meanings that people give on
objects, events, and behaviors. People interpret one another’s behavior and it is these interpretations that form the
social bond.

It Pays to Know!
The Feminist Movement

Feminism is defined as the belief in the social, political,

and economic equality of the sexes. The goal
of feminism is to challenge the systemic
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electronic or mechanical methods without the prior written permission of the writer except in the case of brief quotations embodied in
critical reviews and certain other non-commercial uses permitted by copy right law. 4
inequalities women face on a daily basis. The Feminist movement or the women’s liberation movement, the
women’s movement, or simply feminism refers to a series of political campaigns for reforms on issues such as
reproductive rights, domestic violence, maternity leave, equal pay, women’s suffrage, sexual harassment, and
sexual violence, all of which fall under the label of feminism and the feminist movement.

First-wave feminism was a period of feminist activity and thought, that occurred within the time period of the
19th and early 20th century throughout the world. It focused on legal issues, primarily on gaining women’s
suffrage (the right to vote).

During the First Wave, there was a notable connection between the slavery abolition movement and the women’s
rights movement. Frederick Douglass was heavily involved in both movements and believed that it was essential
for both to work together in order to attain true equality in regards to race and sex. 

Second-wave feminism is a period of feminist activity and thought that first began in the early 1960s in the
United States, and eventually spread throughout the Western world and beyond. In the United States the
movement lasted through the early 1980s.

Whereas first-wave feminism focused mainly on suffrage and overturning legal obstacles to gender equality (e.g.,
voting rights, property rights), second-wave feminism broadened the debate to a wide range of issues: sexuality,
family, the workplace, reproductive rights, de facto inequalities, and official legal inequalities. Second-wave
feminism also drew attention to domestic violence and marital rape issues, establishment of rape crisis and
battered women’s shelters, and changes in custody and divorce law. Its major effort was the attempted passage of
the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) to the United States Constitution, in which they were defeated by anti-
feminists. 

Third-wave feminism refers to several diverse strains of feminist activity and study, whose exact boundaries in
the history of feminism are a subject of debate but are generally marked as beginning in the early 1990s and
continuing to the present. The movement arose partially as a response to the perceived failures of and backlash
against initiatives and movements created by second-wave feminism during the 1960s, ’70s, and ’80s, and the
perception that women are of “many colors, ethnicities, nationalities, religions, and cultural backgrounds”. This
wave of feminism expands the topic of feminism to include a diverse group of women with a diverse set of
identities.

Direction:
Let Discuss the relevance of each to early human society.
1. Us Process
1. Structural Functional Theory
2. Evolutionary Theory
3. Symbolic Interaction
4. Conflict Theory

Let Us Value
Direction: Create a poster about how you want to change the following:
1. Yourself
2. Your Community
3. Your Country
4. The World

Making A Poster
RUBRIC
CATEGORY 5 3 2 1
Graphics- All graphics are All graphics are All graphics relate to Graphics do not relate
Relevance related to the topic and related to the topic the topic. Most to the topic OR several
make it easier to and most make it borrowed graphics borrowed graphics do
understand. All easier to understand. have a source citation not have a source
borrowed graphics All borrowed graphics citation.
have a source citation. have a source citation.
Graphics- Several of the One or two of the The graphics are No graphics made by
Originality graphics used on the graphics used on the made by the student, the student are
poster reflect a poster reflect student but are based on the included.
exceptional degree of creativity in their designs or ideas of
student creativity in creation and/or others
their creation and/or display.
display.
Required Elements The poster includes all All required elements All but 1 of the Several required
required elements as are included on the required elements are elements were missing
well as additional poster. included on the poster
information.

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electronic or mechanical methods without the prior written permission of the writer except in the case of brief quotations embodied in
critical reviews and certain other non-commercial uses permitted by copy right law. 5
Attractiveness The poster is The poster is attractive The poster is The poster is
exceptionally attractive in terms of design, acceptably attractive distractingly messy or
in terms of design, layout and neatness. though it may be a bit very poorly designed.
layout, and neatness. messy. It is not attractive.
Grammar There are no There is 1 There are 2 There are more than 2
grammatical mistakes grammatical mistake grammatical mistakes grammatical mistakes
on the poster. on the poster. on the poster. on the poster.

Let Us Explore
Direction: Research on the top 3 things that have happened in the last 10 years across the globe which have brought
remarkable social change. Make a record of your readings.

End of Unit 2

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electronic or mechanical methods without the prior written permission of the writer except in the case of brief quotations embodied in
critical reviews and certain other non-commercial uses permitted by copy right law. 6