Test Bank For Essentials of Life Span Development 6th Edition John Santrock

Test Bank for Essentials of Life-Span Development, 6th Edition, John Santrock
Test Bank for Essentials of Life-Span Development,

6th Edition, John Santrock
To download the complete and accurate content document, go to:

https://testbankbell.com/download/test-bank-for-essentials-of-life-span-development-6
th-edition-john-santrock/
Visit TestBankBell.com to get complete for all chapters

Essentials of Life-Span Development, 6e (Santrock)
Chapter 6 Socioemotional Development in Early Childhood
1) According to Erik Erikson, the psychosocial stage that characterizes early childhood is
A) initiative versus guilt.
B) autonomy versus shame and doubt.
C) industry versus inferiority.
D) trust versus mistrust.
Answer: A
Difficulty: 1 Easy Page Ref: 169
Topic: Initiative versus Guilt
Learning Objective: Summarize emotional and personality development in early childhood.
Bloom's: Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA LO: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains
2) According to Erik Erikson, the great governor of initiative is

A) conscience.
B) independence.
C) fear.
D) obedience.
Answer: A
Bloom's: Remember
3) In Erikson's portrait of early childhood, the young child clearly has begun to develop
________, which is the representation of self, the substance, and content of self-conceptions.
A) self-control
B) self-confidence
C) self-understanding
D) self-centeredness
Answer: C
Topic: Self-Understanding
Bloom's: Remember
APA LO: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains; 5.2: Exhibit
self-efficacy and self-regulation
1
Copyright 2020 © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior
written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4) Four-year-old Harlan says, "I'm always happy!" Researchers suggest that Harlan, like other
kids his own age, has self-descriptions that are typically
A) reflective of reality.
B) reflective of what others think about them.
C) abstract and magical.
D) unrealistically positive.
Answer: D
Difficulty: 2 Medium Page Ref: 170
Bloom's: Apply
APA LO: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
5) ________ especially plays a key role in children's ability to manage the demands and conflicts
they face in interacting with others. It is an important component of executive function.
A) Moral integrity
B) Emotion regulation
C) Moral development
D) Independence
Answer: B
Topic: Emotional Development
Bloom's: Remember
APA LO: 5.2: Exhibit self-efficacy and self-regulation; 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles,
and overarching themes in psychology
6) Hans feels ashamed when his parents say, "You should feel bad about biting your sister!" To
experience a ________ emotion like shame, Hans must be able to refer to himself as distinct
from others.
A) social
B) self-conscious
C) penitent
D) sympathetic
Answer: B
Topic: Emotional Expression
Bloom's: Apply
APA LO: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology; 5.2: Exhibit self-efficacy and self-regulation
2
7) In the context of expressing emotions, at what age does self-awareness occur?
A) at 1 to 2 months of age
B) at 3 to 6 months of age
C) at 9 to 12 months of age
D) at 15 to 18 months of age
Answer: D
Bloom's: Remember
8) Brianna is extremely upset because she got scolded by her teacher. Her mother decides to
facilitate an open discussion about what happened and why Brianna is upset to help her figure
out how to deal with the negative emotions. Her mother's approach of talking to Brianna about
her emotions indicates that Brianna's mother is a(n) ________.
A) emotion-dismissing parent
B) authoritarian parent
C) emotion-coaching parent
D) indulgent parent
Answer: C
Difficulty: 3 Hard Page Ref: 172
Topic: Emotional Development; Emotional Expression
Bloom's: Apply
9) ________ parents interact with their children in a less rejecting manner, use more scaffolding
and praise, and are more nurturant than are emotion-dismissing parents.
A) Emotion-dismissing
B) Emotion-facilitator
C) Emotion-coaching
D) Emotion-encouraging
Answer: C
Bloom's: Remember
APA LO: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains; 4.3: Interact
effectively with others
3
10) The children of ________ parents are better at soothing themselves when they get upset, are
more effective in regulating their negative affect, focus their attention better, and have fewer
behavior problems than the children of emotion-dismissing parents.
A) emotion-coaching
B) emotion-facilitator
C) emotion-encouraging
D) emotion-independent
Answer: A
Bloom's: Remember
APA LO: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains; 4.3: Interact
effectively with others
11) Developmental psychologists describe Jennifer as an emotion-dismissing parent to her son.

Which of the following actions is Jennifer most likely to display?
A) Jennifer will praise her son when he performs a task well.
B) Jennifer will try to change her son's negative emotions.
C) Jennifer will use scaffolding to interact with her son.
D) Jennifer will assist her son in labeling emotions.
Answer: B
Bloom's: Apply
4
12) Barbara monitors her children's emotions. Her daughter is upset because she got reprimanded
by her teacher. Barbara initially ignores her daughter's lamentations but then decides to try to
change her daughter's emotions by saying that everyone gets reprimanded and that it is not a big
deal. Barbara's approach of talking to her daughter about her negative emotions indicates that
Barbara is a(n) ________.
A) indulgent parent
B) emotion-dismissing parent
C) emotion-coaching parent
D) authoritarian parent
Answer: B
Bloom's: Apply
13) Marjorie's son places last in a running race in his school. This makes him upset. He comes
home and tells his mother about the result of the competition. His mother initially ignores him
thinking that he will stop thinking about the competition. Later, when she sees that her son is still
upset, she tries to distract him from the negative emotion by trying to change it. Marjorie's way
of talking to her son about his negative emotions indicates that Marjorie is a(n) ________.
A) emotion-coaching parent
B) authoritarian parent
C) emotion-dismissing parent
D) indulgent parent
Answer: C
Bloom's: Apply
5
14) Why is it challenging for parents to discuss emotional topics with their young children?
A) Young children often avoid upsetting topics by changing the topic, pushing away, or running
away.
B) They don't want to know what upsets their child.
C) They are afraid they can't comfort their child.
D) They struggle with their own emotions and change the topic.
Answer: A
Bloom's: Understand
15) Which of the following involves thoughts, feelings, and behaviors regarding rules and
conventions about what people should do in their interactions with other people?
A) immanent justice
B) superego
C) moral development
D) pragmatism
Answer: C
Difficulty: 1 Easy Page Ref: 172-173
Topic: Moral Reasoning
Bloom's: Remember
APA LO: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
16) According to Freud, the moral element of personality is called the

A) id.
B) superid.
C) ego.
D) superego.
Answer: D
Bloom's: Remember
6
17) Which of the following aspects of moral development most likely involves anxiety and guilt?
A) moral reasoning
B) moral thoughts
C) moral behavior
D) moral feelings
Answer: D
Bloom's: Remember
18) According to Freud, to reduce anxiety, avoid punishment, and maintain parental affection,
children identify with parents, internalizing their standards of right and wrong, thus forming the
A) alter ego.
B) ego.
C) superego.
D) id.
Answer: C
Bloom's: Remember
APA LO: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains; 1.1: Describe
key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
19) Which of the following terms refers to responding to another person's feelings with an
emotion that echoes the other's feelings?
A) anxiety
B) empathy
C) coaching
D) modeling
Answer: B
Bloom's: Remember
7
20) When her mother asks Selena why she feels so sad, Selena says it is because her best friend
just lost her puppy. Selena is exhibiting
A) guilt.
B) empathy.
C) correspondence.
D) lack of perspective taking.
Answer: B
Bloom's: Apply
21) The ability to discern another's inner psychological state is known as

A) correspondence.
B) congruence.
C) perspective taking.
D) nurturance.
Answer: C
Bloom's: Remember
22) Which of the following is the first stage of Piaget's theory of moral development?
A) autonomous morality
B) initiative versus guilt
C) heteronomous morality
D) autonomy versus shame and doubt
Answer: C
Bloom's: Remember
8
23) From about ________ years of age, children display heteronomous morality.
A) 1 to 3
B) 4 to 7
C) 10 to 12
D) 2 to 4
Answer: B
Bloom's: Remember
24) Susan, a 5-year-old, thinks of justice and rules as unchangeable properties of the world,
removed from the control of people. In the context of Jean Piaget's theory of moral development,
Susan is most likely in the stage of moral reasoning known as
A) heteronomous morality.
B) empathy.
C) autonomous morality.
D) sympathy.
Answer: A
Bloom's: Apply
25) According to Piaget's theory, from ________ years of age, children are in a transition
showing some features of the first stage of moral reasoning and some features of the second
stage, autonomous morality.
A) 7 to 10
B) 4 to 7
C) 10 to 12
D) 1 to 4
Answer: A
Bloom's: Remember
9
26) At about ________ years of age and older, children show autonomous morality.
A) 7
B) 4
C) 10
D) 5
Answer: C
Bloom's: Remember
27) Jerome, 6, and Hani, 10, get up early on Saturday morning to make "breakfast in bed" for
their mother. While reaching for the bed tray in the back of the hall cabinet, they accidentally
break their mother's favorite porcelain doll. Jerome knows that he's going to get into "big
trouble." Hani tells him not to worry and that their mom would understand that it was an
accident. In what stage would Jean Piaget categorize the moral reasoning of Jerome and Hani?
A) Jerome—autonomous morality; Hani—heteronomous morality
B) Jerome—heteronomous morality; Hani—autonomous morality
C) Jerome—universal law morality; Hani—context-specific morality
D) Jerome—context-specific morality; Hani—universal law morality
Answer: B
Bloom's: Apply
10
28) Ben, a 12-year-old, judges the rightness or goodness of behavior by considering its
consequences, not the intentions of the actor. In the context of Jean Piaget's theory of moral
development, Ben will most likely be classified as a(n)
A) autonomous moralist.
B) heteronomous moralist.
C) pragmatist.
D) authoritarian.
Answer: B
Bloom's: Apply
29) Julie believes that Jason's accidental act of breaking 12 plates is worse than Peter
intentionally breaking two plates. Julie can be best described as a(n)
A) moral autonomist.
B) gender-typed individual.
C) empathic thinker.
D) heteronomous moralist.
Answer: D
Bloom's: Apply
30) Dante is a 10-year-old boy who likes to play soccer during recess. One day, a friend teaches
him a different set of rules about the game. Dante accepts the rules and now plays soccer in a
new way. Dante is in which stage of moral development?
B) heteronomous morality
C) basic morality
D) extended morality
Answer: A
Bloom's: Apply
11
31) Katrina, a 6-year-old, becomes extremely upset when her brother tries to change the rules of
their game and yells, "You can't do that! You can't change rules!" Which of the following types
of moral reasoning is Katrina exhibiting?
B) heteronomous morality
C) peer-negotiated morality
D) immanent justice morality
Answer: B
Bloom's: Apply
32) In the context of Jean Piaget's theory of moral development, which of the following is a
characteristic of children showing heteronomous morality?
A) They believe intentions are more important than consequences when judging behavior.
B) They think of justice as an unchangeable property of the world.
C) They are nonbelievers of the concept of immanent justice.
D) They are aware that rules and laws are created by people.
Answer: B
Bloom's: Understand
33) Older children, who are ________, recognize that punishment occurs only if someone
witnesses the wrongdoing and that even then, punishment is not inevitable.
A) moral autonomists
B) empathic thinkers
C) gender-typed
D) heteronomous thinkers
Answer: A
Bloom's: Understand
12
34) Maria believes that if a rule is broken, punishment will be meted out immediately. In the
context of Jean Piaget's theory of moral development, this scenario indicates that Maria believes
in the concept of
A) immanent justice.
B) restorative justice.
C) reciprocal socialization.
D) egocentrism.
Answer: A
Bloom's: Apply
35) Piaget concluded that the changes in moral reasoning in children come about through
A) authoritative parent-child relations.
B) religious and social conditioning.
C) the children's family experiences.
D) the mutual give-and-take of peer relations.
Answer: D
Bloom's: Understand
36) According to Jean Piaget, parent-child relations are less likely to advance moral reasoning
than peer relations because
A) parents are inconsistent in delivering the consequences for broken rules.
B) peers are less likely to allow negotiation and reasoning about broken rules.
C) parents often hand down rules in an authoritarian way.
D) peer groups immediately mete out punishments for rule breaking.
Answer: C
Bloom's: Understand
13
37) Which of the following approaches holds that the processes of reinforcement, punishment,
and imitation explain the development of moral behavior?
A) Freud's psychoanalytic approach
B) the evolutionary psychology approach
C) the behavioral and social cognitive approach
D) the biological approach
Answer: C
Bloom's: Remember
38) Twice each month, Gini helps to serve dinner at the "Community Table," a program that
assists homeless people in the town. She brings her two children, aged nine and eleven, with her
and talks to them about the need to share time, food, and kindness with others who are less
fortunate. Social cognitive theorists would say that Gini's children
A) are likely to develop moral behavior that includes helping others.
B) are not likely to be impacted by this as their moral behavior is modeled on peers, not parents.
C) will not benefit from these experiences until they are teens.
D) will fail to model their behavior to their mother's unless they see some reward in it.
Answer: A
Difficulty: 3 Hard Page Ref: 173-174
Learning Objective: Summarize emotional and personality development in early childhood.;
Explain how parenting practices influence development.
Bloom's: Apply
APA LO: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology; 3.3: Adopt values that build community at
local, national, and global levels
14
39) ________ refers to an internal regulation of standards of right and wrong that involves an
integration of all three components of moral development, namely moral thought, feeling, and
behavior.
A) Ethics
B) Protocol
C) Constitution
D) Conscience
Answer: D
Topic: Conscience
Bloom's: Remember
40) Nicola tries to take steps to avert potential misbehavior by her children before it takes place.
The moment she sees that her 4-year-old daughter is going to have a meltdown, she distracts her
with her favorite activity. She has regular talks with her ten-year-old son wherein she tries to
impart her cherished values to him and indicates what is expected of him as he grows older.
Nicola is
A) being overly cautious in her parenting approach.
B) being too authoritative in her approach to her children's moral development.
C) acting as moral police to her children and may have a detrimental effect on their moral
development.
D) proactive in her approach to her children's moral development.
Answer: D
Topic: Parent-Child Relations; Conscience
Learning Objective: Summarize emotional and personality development in early childhood.;
Explain how parenting practices influence development.
Bloom's: Apply
15
41) ________ involves a sense of one's own gender, including knowledge, understanding, and
acceptance of being male or female.
A) Gender role
B) Gender typing
C) Gender identity
D) Gender labeling
Answer: C
Topic: Gender
Learning Objective: Summarize gender development in early childhood.
Bloom's: Remember
42) Sets of expectations that prescribe how females and males should think, act, and feel are
known as gender
A) roles.
B) identities.
C) expectancies.
D) rules.
Answer: A
Topic: Gender
Bloom's: Remember
43) Meena is a 3-year-old. She is aware that she is a girl and understands and accepts being a
female. This indicates that Meena is conscious of her ________.
A) gender neutrality
B) gender identity
C) ethnicity
D) socioeconomic status
Answer: B
Topic: Gender
Bloom's: Apply
16
44) Gender ________ refers to acquisition of a traditional masculine or feminine role.
A) acquisition
B) reflection
C) typing
D) acceptance
Answer: C
Topic: Gender
Bloom's: Remember
45) The social role theory suggests that

A) social hierarchy and division of labor are important causes of gender differences in power,
assertiveness, and nurturing.
B) the mother role and the father role are social constructions that have emerged from our
evolutionary past.
C) social roles are chosen, not determined.
D) nature is the primary determinant of differences between the social labels that we call
"gender."
Answer: A
Topic: Gender Development
Bloom's: Understand
46) The ________ of gender stems from the view that a preschool child develops a sexual
attraction to the opposite-sex parent.
A) psychoanalytic theory
B) social cognitive theory
C) evolutionary psychology view
D) social role theory
Answer: A
Topic: Gender Development; Social Cognition; Psychoanalytic Theory
Bloom's: Remember
17
47) The psychoanalytic theory of gender stems from Freud's view that a preschool child develops
a sexual attraction to the opposite-sex parent. Which of the following describes this condition in
girls?
A) the Galatea effect
B) the Electra complex
C) the Golem effect
D) the Oedipus complex
Answer: B
Topic: Gender Development; Psychoanalytic Theory
Bloom's: Remember
48) According to Freud, preschool boys develop a sexual attraction to the opposite-sex parent in
a process called the
A) Oedipus complex.
B) Electra complex.
C) Pygmalion effect.
D) Golem effect.
Answer: A
Topic: Gender Development; Psychoanalytic Theory
Bloom's: Remember
18
49) From a young age, Karen has always been praised by her parents for her feminine behavior.
Her parents reward her behavior by saying such statements as "Karen, you look very pretty in
your frock." Her brother, on the other hand, is reprimanded for playing with Karen's dolls. In the
context of social influences on gender development, this scenario is in accordance with the
________ of gender.
A) psychoanalytic theory
B) social cognitive theory
C) gender schema theory
D) social role theory
Answer: B
Topic: Gender Development; Social Cognition
Bloom's: Apply
50) According to a research review by Bronstein (2006), which of the following statements is
true of parental influences on children's gender development?
A) Mothers socialize their sons to be more obedient and responsible than their daughters.
B) Mothers place more restrictions on sons' autonomy than on daughters'.
C) Fathers engage in more activities with their daughters than with their sons.
D) Fathers put more effort to promote sons' intellectual development than daughters'.
Answer: D
Topic: Parenting; Gender Development
Learning Objective: Explain how parenting practices influence development.
Bloom's: Understand
19
51) Who among the following is most likely to be rejected by peers based on conformation to
gender roles?
A) a little girl in boy's clothing
B) a little boy playing with a doll
C) a little boy playing with a toy truck
D) a little girl carrying a baseball mitt
Answer: B
Topic: Gender Development; Peer Relations
Learning Objective: Describe play in early childhood.
Bloom's: Apply
52) Around the age of ________, children already show a preference to spend time with same-
sex playmates.
A) three
B) one
C) two
D) one and a half
Answer: A
Bloom's: Remember
53) Children between the ages of 4 and 12 usually prefer to play in groups that are made up of
A) mixed ages.
B) the same sex as theirs.
C) both boys and girls.
D) children from their own socioeconomic status.
Answer: B
Bloom's: Remember
20
54) In the context of the size of same-sex groups of children, from about 5 years of age onward
A) boys are more likely to associate together in larger clusters than girls are.
B) girls are more likely to engage in rough-and-tumble play than boys.
C) girls are more likely to participate in organized group games than boys are.
D) boys are more likely than girls to play in dyads or triads.
Answer: A
Bloom's: Understand
55) According to research studies by Maccoby (1998, 2002), which of the following statements
is true of how boys and girls interact in same-sex groups?
A) Girls are more likely to act in a reciprocal manner.
B) Boys are more likely to avoid rough-and-tumble play.
C) Girls are more likely to engage in ego display.
D) Boys are more likely to engage in collaborative discourse.
Answer: A
Bloom's: Remember
56) A ________ is a cognitive structure, a network of associations that guides an individual's

perceptions.
A) format
B) schema
C) subset
D) system
Answer: B
Topic: Gender Development; Cognitive Influences on Gender
Bloom's: Remember
21
57) A gender ________ organizes the world in terms of female and male.
A) role
B) identity
C) bias
D) schema
Answer: D
Bloom's: Remember
58) Children are internally motivated to perceive the world and to act in accordance with their
developing
A) preferences.
B) schemas.
C) roles.
D) orientations.
Answer: B
Bloom's: Remember
59) Bit by bit, children pick up what is gender-appropriate and gender-inappropriate in their
culture and develop gender ________ that shape how they perceive the world and what they
remember.
A) identities
B) roles
C) schemas
D) types
Answer: C
Bloom's: Remember
22
60) Which of the following fuels gender typing?
A) gender schema
B) gender identity
C) gender bias
D) gender mismatch
Answer: A
Bloom's: Remember
61) Suzie, aged three, must eat everything on her plate at dinner. When she does not, her father
punishes her by sending her to bed without dinner the next day. Suzie also has strict schedules
for playing, watching television, and studying, and any disobedience leads to spanking and
punishment. Suzie's father is most likely a(n)
A) authoritarian parent.
B) authoritative parent.
C) indulgent parent.
D) neglectful parent.
Answer: A
Topic: Parenting; Baumrind's Parenting Styles
Bloom's: Apply
23
62) Juan, a father of two children, tells his children, "In my house, my word is the law." He
spanks his children frequently when they do not follow his rules. His children are fearful of Juan
and try their best to avoid him when he is around. In the context of Diana Baumrind's parenting
styles, Juan is best classified as a(n)
Answer: A
Bloom's: Apply
63) A parent who uses a restrictive, punitive style to control the behavior of his or her children is
a(n)
Answer: A
Bloom's: Remember
24
64) Lucy frequently spanks her children, enforces rigid household rules, and exhibits rage toward
them when those rules are broken. Her children are unhappy and have weak communication
skills. Lucy also pressurizes them to eat when they are already full. In the context of Diana
Baumrind's parenting styles, Lucy is most likely a(n)
Answer: A
Bloom's: Apply
65) A parent who encourages his or her children to be independent but still places limits and
controls on their actions is a(n)
Answer: B
Bloom's: Remember
25
66) Logan is a warm and loving parent, but he also has high expectations of his kids. As Logan
encourages independent and age-appropriate behavior from his children, Baumrind would
classify him as a(n)
Answer: B
Bloom's: Apply
67) Ursula can set her own schedules for playtime and for studying. Her mother drives her to her
ballet classes and soccer practice. However, Ursula needs to keep her grades up and must go to
bed early on most weeknights. Ursula's mom is most likely a(n)
Answer: B
Bloom's: Apply
68) In the context of Diana Baumrind's parenting styles, children of authoritative parents differ
from children of authoritarian parents in that children of authoritative parents
A) cope poorly with stress.
B) are more anxious about comparing themselves to others.
C) are more achievement-oriented.
D) are more likely to be overweight or obese.
Answer: C
Bloom's: Understand
26
69) According to Baumrind, a parent who is uninvolved in a child's life, showing neither
responsiveness nor control, is displaying a(n) ________ parenting style.
A) authoritarian
B) authoritative
C) indulgent
D) neglectful
Answer: D
Bloom's: Understand
70) According to Baumrind, a parent who is highly involved with his/her children but places few
demands or controls on them is displaying a(n) ________ parenting style.
A) authoritarian
B) authoritative
C) indulgent
D) neglectful
Answer: C
Bloom's: Understand
71) Josh's mother makes his favorite food—burgers, fries, and pizza—every night for dinner. His
mother lets Josh play as much as he wants to and study only when he feels like it and imposes no
fixed bedtime. Josh's mom is most likely a(n)
Answer: C
Bloom's: Apply
27
72) Bernard brought home his report card and placed it on the television set. Bernard told his dad
that he was required to take the card back to school tomorrow with the signature of one of his
parents. Bernard's dad told him to move out of the way as he could not see the television set. The
next morning, Bernard found his report card where he had left it the previous day and it was
unsigned. He signed his dad's name and put it in his backpack. Bernard's dad is most likely a(n)
Answer: D
Bloom's: Apply
73) Misha was sent to his room for hitting his baby sister. Later, his mother talks to him about
why he cannot treat his sister this way and about other, more acceptable ways for him to express
his anger. Which parenting style does this exemplify?
A) authoritarian parenting
B) authoritative parenting
C) indulgent parenting
D) neglectful parenting
Answer: B
Bloom's: Apply
28
74) In which parenting style do parents show pleasure and support in response to children's
constructive behavior?
Answer: B
Bloom's: Remember
75) Which parenting style could lead to social incompetence, truancy, and delinquency in
children?
Answer: D
Bloom's: Remember
76) Which parenting style leads to egocentric, domineering, and noncompliant behavior in
children?
Answer: C
Bloom's: Remember
29
77) Which parenting style is demanding and controlling while also being accepting and
responsive?
B) indulgent parenting
C) authoritative parenting
Answer: C
Bloom's: Remember
78) In the context of Diana Baumrind's parenting styles, which of the following is a
characteristic of parents following an indulgent parenting style?
A) They let their children do what they want.
B) They are uninvolved in their children's lives.
C) They allow little verbal exchange and place firm limits on their children.
D) They show pleasure in response to their children's constructive behavior.
Answer: A
Bloom's: Understand
79) Which parenting style is undemanding and uncontrolling but also rejecting and
unresponsive?
Answer: D
Bloom's: Remember
30
80) Which parenting style is demanding and controlling while also being rejecting and
unresponsive?
Answer: A
Bloom's: Remember
81) Which parenting style is undemanding and uncontrolling but is also accepting and
responsive?
Answer: B
Bloom's: Remember
31
82) Research conducted by Ruth Chao suggests that
A) the high control of Asian parents is best conceptualized as "training" and is distinct from the
domineering control characteristic of an authoritarian style of parenting.
B) "authoritarian" parenting is "authoritarian" parenting, whether the parent is Asian American,
African American, or European American.
C) contrary to stereotypes, Asian parents are indulgent and permissive.
D) consistent with stereotypes, Asian parents are domineering and controlling and have
rigid/unrealistic expectations for academic achievement in their children.
Answer: A
Topic: Parenting; Cultural, Ethnic, Socioeconomic Variations in Parenting
Bloom's: Understand
APA LO: 2.5: Incorporate sociocultural factors in scientific inquiry; 2.1: Use scientific
reasoning to interpret psychological phenomena
83) According to most child psychologists, which of the following is an effective way of
handling a child's misbehavior?
A) mild spanking that would not hurt the child
B) time out, in which the child is removed from a setting that offers positive reinforcement
C) shouting at the child just enough to get the point across
D) instilling rigid household rules and meting out severe corporal punishment if those rules are
broken
Answer: B
Topic: Punishment
Bloom's: Understand
APA LO: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains; 3.2: Build and
enhance interpersonal relationships
32
84) Four-year-old Becky has just hit her sister again. According to most developmental
psychologists, Becky's mother should
A) spank Becky; she is too young to understand reasoning.
B) explain to Becky that "hitting hurts"; she is old enough to understand the consequences of her
behavior for others.
C) send Becky to bed without dinner; she is too young to understand reasoning.
D) spank Becky; she is old enough to understand the consequences of her behavior and would
expect to be punished accordingly.
Answer: B
Topic: Punishment
Bloom's: Apply
85) Tom and Katie have recently split up, but for the benefit of their child, they attempt to
provide one another support in jointly raising their child. This is an example of
A) joint parenting.
B) cooperative parenting.
C) collaborative parenting.
D) coparenting.
Answer: D
Topic: Parenting
Bloom's: Apply
86) The public and many professionals use the term child abuse to refer to both abuse and
neglect; developmentalists increasingly use the term
A) child neglect.
B) child maltreatment.
C) child battery.
D) child assault.
Answer: B
Topic: Child Maltreatment
Bloom's: Remember
33
87) Punching, beating, kicking, biting, burning, and shaking a child constitute
A) verbal abuse.
B) sexual abuse.
C) child neglect.
D) physical abuse.
Answer: D
Bloom's: Understand
88) In the context of child maltreatment, which of the following would most likely constitute
child neglect?
A) beating a child
B) allowing chronic truancy
C) commercial exploitation of a child
D) fondling a child's genitals
Answer: B
Topic: Parenting
Bloom's: Understand
89) Damian's parents fail to provide for his basic needs; he is often unfed and dirty when he gets
to school. This constitutes
A) physical abuse.
B) mental injury.
C) child neglect.
D) child inattention.
Answer: C
Bloom's: Apply
34
90) Nine-year-old Tadako's uncle has been taking pictures of her naked body and selling them on
the Internet. This constitutes
A) verbal abuse.
B) sexual abuse.
C) child neglect.
D) physical abuse.
Answer: B
Bloom's: Apply
91) Eight-year-old Sara's mom has repeatedly called her fat and worthless, which has caused
Sara to become withdrawn at home and in school. These actions are best characterized as
A) child neglect.
B) sexual abuse.
C) emotional abuse.
D) child assault.
Answer: C
Topic: Parenting; Parent-Child Relations
Bloom's: Apply
92) Which of the following is true about childhood maltreatment?

A) Two-thirds of parents who are abused go on to abuse their own children.
B) Childhood maltreatment can be caused by a single factor.
C) Violence on television does not impact the violence we see in families.
D) Parenting stress, substance abuse, social isolation, single parenting, and socioeconomic
difficulties all may contribute to childhood maltreatment.
Answer: D
Difficulty: 1 Easy Page Ref: 182-183
Bloom's: Remember
35
93) According to a research study by Kramer and Perozynski (1999), in families with two
siblings 2 to 5 years of age, the most frequent parental reaction to verbal or physical sibling
confrontations is to
A) threaten the children.
B) try to help the children.
C) admonish the children.
D) do nothing at all.
Answer: D
Topic: Sibling Relationships
Bloom's: Understand
94) Laurie Kramer, who has conducted a number of research studies on siblings, says that
A) it is best to not intervene in sibling conflict and to allow the siblings to work it out on their
own.
B) it is best to let sibling conflicts escalate so that children learn coping strategies to handle
anger and disagreement with peers.
C) intervening and helping children resolve sibling conflict are not good strategies.
D) not intervening and letting sibling conflict escalate are not good strategies.
Answer: D
Bloom's: Understand
95) Which of the following is true of the characteristics of sibling relationships as described by
Judy Dunn?
A) There is no observable variation in sibling relationships.
B) Most siblings report that they do not really know each other very well.
C) There is considerable variation in sibling relationships.
D) Most children have predominantly negative feelings toward their siblings.
Answer: C
Bloom's: Understand
36
96) In the context of birth order, research indicates that firstborn children are ________ than
later-born children.
A) more rebellious
B) less self-controlled
C) less helpful
D) more adult-oriented
Answer: D
Topic: Birth Order
Bloom's: Understand
97) Why do more researchers think that birth-order influences on child development have been
emphasized too strongly?
A) There are no clear patterns of birth-order influences on personality.
B) With continued study on birth-order influences, the findings are bound to create self-fulfilling
prophecies that will perpetuate birth order.
C) The patterns of birth-order influences that scientists describe are largely speculation and are
not based on evidence.
D) Birth order by itself shows limited ability to predict behavior when all the factors that
influence behavior are considered.
Answer: D
Topic: Birth Order
Bloom's: Understand
37
98) Which of the following is true of how parents' work affects the development of their
children?
A) The nature of parents' work has more influence on children's development than whether a
parent works outside the home.
B) Children of working mothers are less likely to develop a secure attachment to their parents.
C) Children (especially girls) of working mothers engage in more gender stereotyping.
D) Whether one or both parents work outside the home is critical to children's development.
Answer: A
Bloom's: Understand
99) In the context of working parents, a consistent finding is that in contrast to children whose
mothers are not employed outside the home, children of working mothers
A) have more egalitarian views of gender.
B) engage in more gender stereotyping.
C) are more stressed and demanding.
D) enjoy more free time.
Answer: A
Bloom's: Understand
100) Maribel works as a housekeeper at a hotel. She has no autonomy in her work, works long
hours, and feels quite stressed by her job. Kim is a lawyer who works long hours but has control
over her work and a great office environment. Ann Crouter would say that
A) Kim's children are likely to experience less effective parenting than Maribel's children.
B) Maribel's children are likely to experience less effective parenting than Kim's children.
C) both Maribel's and Kim's children are likely to do poorly in school.
D) neither Maribel's nor Kim's children will be negatively affected by their mothers' jobs.
Answer: B
Bloom's: Apply
38
101) Which of the following is true of children in divorced families?
A) Most children in divorced families have a harder time adjusting than those from nondivorced
families.
B) Divorces inevitably impair children's ability to adapt to difficulties in their lives.
C) Competent children cannot be raised in single-parent families.
D) Children in divorced families are no more likely than children in nondivorced families to
have academic problems.
Answer: A
Topic: Divorce
Bloom's: Understand
102) Bernice is raised by two lesbian mothers, whereas Jessica is raised by a heterosexual
couple. According to research, it is most likely that
A) Bernice is more popular than Jessica, whereas Jessica is more psychologically adjusted than
Bernice.
B) Bernice and Jessica are the same with regard to popularity and mental health.
C) Bernice will have a homosexual orientation; Jessica will have a heterosexual orientation.
D) both will grow up and marry men, but Bernice is more likely to get divorced.
Answer: B
Topic: Gay and Lesbian Parents
Bloom's: Apply
103) The overwhelming majority of children from gay or lesbian families

A) are also homosexual.
B) have a heterosexual orientation.
C) are likely to be bisexual.
D) grow up confused about their sexual orientation.
Answer: B
Topic: Gay and Lesbian Parents
Bloom's: Remember
39
104) Carl and Tulip are getting a divorce and want to know how they can best communicate the
news to their young children. Ellen Galinsky and Judy David would suggest that
A) the children be told that the support they receive from their parents is bound to change.
B) it is best that only one parent be present while breaking the news.
C) it is best that this painful matter should not be discussed repeatedly with the children.
D) the children be told that they are not the cause of the separation.
Answer: D
Topic: Divorce
Bloom's: Apply
APA LO: 3.2: Build and enhance interpersonal relationships
105) In general, in the United States, African American and Latino family orientations differ
from White family orientations in that
A) the nuclear family is less prominent in White families.
B) the extended family plays a greater role in African American and Latino families.
C) the emphasis in African American and Latino families is on individual self-reliance.
D) the emphasis in White families is on family attachment and unity.
Answer: B
Topic: Cultural; Ethnic; Socioeconomic Variations in Parenting
Bloom's: Understand
APA LO: 2.5: Incorporate sociocultural factors in scientific inquiry
106) Cultural changes that occur when one culture comes in contact with another are referred to
as
A) affiliation.
B) acculturation.
C) accommodation.
D) adaptation.
Answer: B
Topic: Cultural; Ethnic; Socioeconomic Variations in Parenting
Bloom's: Remember
APA LO: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology; 2.5:
Incorporate sociocultural factors in scientific inquiry
40
107) In contrast to lower-socioeconomic status parents, higher-socioeconomic status parents
A) are less directive and more conversational with their children.
B) are more concerned that their children conform to society's expectations.
C) use physical punishment more in disciplining their children.
D) create a home atmosphere with an authoritarian style of parenting.
Answer: A
Topic: Cultural, Ethnic, Socioeconomic Variations in Parenting
Bloom's: Understand
108) Which of the following is most likely a function that a child's peer group performs which is
difficult for a sibling to do?
A) having a same-sex friend
B) getting a chance to share intimate feelings
C) providing comparison on how the child compares with other children of the same age
D) giving a view of what the world looks like from another person's perspective
Answer: C
Topic: Peer Group Functions
Bloom's: Understand
109) Sigmund Freud and Erik Erikson considered play to be valuable because
A) it helps a child master anxieties and conflicts.
B) it advances a child's cognitive development.
C) it helps children satisfy their need for mastery over their environment.
D) it allows children to interact with their peers.
Answer: A
Topic: Play's Function
Bloom's: Understand
41
110) Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky considered play to be valuable because
A) it helps children release tension.
B) it advances children's cognitive development.
C) it helps children satisfy their need for mastery over their environment.
D) it allows children to interact with their peers.
Answer: B
Bloom's: Understand
111) Which statement best summarizes Daniel Berlyne's views about children's play?
A) Play is important for developing motor skills and coordination.
B) Play is important only because it occupies children during times when they are not learning
more important things.
C) Children use play to digest past experiences and to derive meaning from what has happened
to them.
D) Children use play to explore new things to satisfy their natural curiosity about the world.
Answer: D
Bloom's: Understand
112) ________ play, which can be engaged in throughout life, involves the repetition of behavior
when new skills are being learned or when physical or mental mastery and coordination of skills
are required for games or sports.
A) Pretense
B) Practice
C) Social
D) Sensorimotor
Answer: B
Topic: Types of Play
Bloom's: Remember
42
113) In the context of the types of children's play, identify a true statement about practice play.
A) Practice play primarily involves social interactions with peers.
B) Practice play is confined to infancy as children learn to transform objects.
C) Practice play occurs when a child transforms the physical environment into a symbol.
D) Practice play can be engaged in throughout life.
Answer: D
Bloom's: Understand
114) In the context of the types of children's play, identify a true statement about pretense play.
A) In this type of play, children transform the physical environment into a symbol.
B) This type of play often appears at about 7 months of age.
C) In this type of play, children refuse to share their pretend play with peers.
D) In this type of play, children transform people and act toward them as if they were other
people.
Answer: A
Bloom's: Understand
115) In the context of the types of children's play, the play in which infants engage in
exploratory and playful visual and motor transactions in the second quarter of the first year of
life is known as
A) practice play.
B) sensorimotor play.
C) social play.
D) constructive play.
Answer: B
Bloom's: Remember
43
116) In the context of the types of children's play, which of the following is a form of play that
occurs when children engage in the self-regulated creation of a product or a solution?
A) constructive play
B) games
C) collective play
D) social play
Answer: A
Bloom's: Remember
117) In the context of the types of children's play, which of the following is most likely a
characteristic of constructive play?
A) It involves deriving pleasure from exercising sensorimotor schemes.
B) It increases in the preschool years as symbolic play increases and sensorimotor play
decreases.
C) It involves interaction with peers.
D) It leads to children transforming objects and acting toward them as if they were other objects.
Answer: B
Bloom's: Understand
118) Which of the following refers to activities engaged in for pleasure that include rules and
often involve competition with one or more individuals?
A) symbolic play
B) role-play
C) constructive play
D) games
Answer: D
Topic: Games
Bloom's: Remember
44
119) Steur, Applefield, and Smith conducted an experiment where preschool children were
randomly assigned to two groups. One group watched cartoons containing violence, and the
other group watched cartoons with the violence removed. During a free-play session, the
children who watched the cartoons containing violence showed more aggression than children
who watched the nonviolent cartoons. What conclusion was drawn from this study?
A) Preschool children are naturally more aggressive than older children.
B) Violent TV cartoons caused the increased aggression in the children in this investigation.
C) The cause of aggression cannot be determined since aggression is caused by so many other
factors.
D) Exposure to TV violence caused the aggression in the children in this investigation.
Answer: D
Topic: Media/Screen Time
Bloom's: Analyze
APA LO: 2.1: Use scientific reasoning to interpret psychological phenomena
120) A meta-analysis of studies in 14 countries by Mares and Pan (2013) found that children's
shows such as Sesame Street
A) produced positive outcomes in the area of social reasoning.
B) were detrimental to children learning positive social interchange.
C) were good electronic babysitters but not good at teaching any skills.
D) led to negative attitudes toward outgroups.
Answer: A
Bloom's: Understand
121) Which theorist stated that the psychological stage of childhood was "initiative versus
guilt"?
Answer: Erik Erikson

Bloom's: Remember
45
122) Which theorist suggested that children internalize their parents' standards of right and
wrong in order to reduce anxiety and avoid punishment?
Answer: Sigmund Freud

Bloom's: Remember
123) Which theorist proposed that gender differences result from the contrasting roles of men
and women in societies where women have less power and status than men and control fewer
resources?
Answer: Alice Eagly

Topic: Social Influences on Gender
Bloom's: Remember
124) Which theorist proposed the four classifications of parenting involving combinations of
acceptance and responsiveness on one hand and demand and control on the other?
Answer: Diana Baumrind

Topic: Baumrind's Parenting Styles
Bloom's: Remember
125) Which leading theorist on sibling relationships described the three important characteristics
of sibling relationships as emotional quality, familiarity and intimacy, and variation?
Answer: Judy Dunn

Bloom's: Remember
46
126) In the context of how parents talk with their children about emotions, which approach is
taken by parents who monitor their children's emotions, view their children's negative emotions
as opportunities for teaching, and assist them in labeling their emotions?
Answer: An emotion-coaching approach

Bloom's: Remember
127) According to Jean Piaget, which is the first stage of moral development in which children
think of justice and rules as unchangeable properties of the world?
Answer: Heteronomous morality

Bloom's: Remember
128) Which theory states that children's gender development occurs through observing and
imitating what other people say and do and through being rewarded and punished for gender-
appropriate and gender-inappropriate behavior?
Answer: The Social cognitive theory of gender

Bloom's: Remember
47
129) Nathan's parents are highly involved in his life but place few demands and controls on him.
They believe that the combination of warm involvement and few restraints will produce a
creative, confident child, so they allow him to do whatever he wants. In the context of Diana
Baumrind's parenting styles, which parenting style are Nathan's parents displaying?
Answer: Indulgent parenting

Topic: Baumrind's Parenting Styles
Bloom's: Apply
130) What is the parenting technique for handling misbehavior in children that is characterized
by removing the child from a setting that offers positive reinforcement?
Answer: Time out

Topic: Punishment
Bloom's: Remember
131) What is the term for the support that parents provide one another in jointly raising a child?
Answer: Coparenting
Topic: Parenting
Bloom's: Remember
132) In the context of the types of children's play, what kind of play combines
sensorimotor/practice play with symbolic representation and occurs when children engage in the
self-regulated creation of a product or a solution?
Answer: Constructive play

Bloom's: Remember
48
133) Explain Eric Erikson's stage of initiative versus guilt. Provide an example of initiative and
an example of guilt as it is used by Erikson.
Answer: In Eric Erikson's first psychosocial developmental stage, initiative versus guilt,
children learn to use their perceptual, motor, cognitive, and language skills to make things
happen. On their own initiative, children at this stage exuberantly move out into a wider social
world. If they are not permitted to explore their world or if they face disappointment
consistently, they will develop guilt.
Bloom's: Understand
134) Why are young children's self-descriptions typically unrealistically positive?
Answer: Young children's self-descriptions are typically unrealistically positive because they are
yet to distinguish between their desired competence and their actual competence; tend to confuse
ability and effort, thinking that differences in ability can be changed as easily as can differences
in effort; do not engage in spontaneous social comparison of their abilities with those of others;
and tend to compare their present abilities with what they could do at an earlier age, which
usually makes their abilities look quite good.
Bloom's: Understand
self-efficacy and self-regulation
135) Discuss self-conscious emotions and provide two examples. What are the two criteria
necessary for children to experience self-conscious emotions?
Answer: Self-conscious emotions are those that include the quality of an evaluation or judgment
of self. Examples include pride, shame, embarrassment, and guilt. In order for children to
experience self-conscious emotions, they must be able to refer to themselves and be aware of
themselves as distinct from others.
Bloom's: Understand
self-efficacy and self-regulation; 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes
in psychology
49
136) What are some of the differences between emotion-coaching and emotion-dismissing
parents?
Answer: Depending on how they talk with their children about emotion, parents can be
described as taking an emotion-coaching or an emotion-dismissing approach. The distinction
between these approaches is most evident in the way the parent deals with the child's negative
emotions (anger, frustration, sadness, and so on). Emotion-coaching parents monitor their
children's emotions, view their children's negative emotions as opportunities for teaching, assist
them in labeling emotions, and coach them in how to deal effectively with emotions. In contrast,
emotion-dismissing parents view their role as to deny, ignore, or change negative emotions.
Emotion-coaching parents interact with their children in a less rejecting manner, use more
scaffolding and praise, and are more nurturant than are emotion-dismissing parents.
Bloom's: Understand
137) Name and briefly describe the two stages of moral reasoning in children as identified by
Jean Piaget. Provide an example of each.
Answer: Piaget concluded that children go through two distinct stages in how they think about
morality. From about 4 to 7 years of age, children display heteronomous morality, where
children think of justice and rules as unchangeable properties of the world, removed from the
control of people. From 7 to 10 years of age, children are in a transition showing some features
of the first stage of moral reasoning and some stages of the second stage, autonomous morality.
At about 10 years of age and older, children show autonomous morality. They become aware
that rules and laws are created by people, and in judging an action, they consider the actor's
intentions as well as the consequences.
Bloom's: Understand
50
138) Compare and contrast the three major social theories of gender. Which would you argue is
the dominant approach today?
Answer: Three main social theories of gender have been proposed—social role theory,
psychoanalytic theory, and social cognitive theory. Alice Eagly proposed social role theory,
which states that gender differences result from the contrasting roles of women and men. The
psychoanalytic theory of gender stems from Freud's view that the preschool child develops a
sexual attraction to the opposite-sex parent. At 5 or 6 years of age, the child renounces this
attraction because of anxious feelings. Subsequently, the child identifies with the same-sex
parent, unconsciously adopting the same-sex parent's characteristics.
According to the social cognitive theory of gender, children's gender development occurs
through observing and imitating what other people say and do and through being rewarded and
punished for gender-appropriate and gender-inappropriate behavior.
Bloom's: Understand
APA LO: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains; 2.5: Incorporate
sociocultural factors in scientific inquiry
139) Cultures around the world tend to give mothers and fathers different roles in parenting.
Describe the different socializing strategies that mothers and fathers use in raising their children.
Answer: In many cultures, mothers socialize their daughters to be more obedient and
responsible than their sons. They also place more restrictions on daughters' autonomy. Fathers,
on the other hand, show more attention to sons than to daughters, engage in more activities with
sons, and put forth more effort to promote sons' intellectual development.
Bloom's: Understand
APA LO: 2.5: Incorporate sociocultural factors in scientific inquiry
51
140) List four characteristics that are generally associated with the firstborn child. Discuss what
accounts for these differences.
Answer: Whether a child has older or younger siblings has been linked to development of
certain personality characteristics. A recent review concluded that "firstborns are the most
intelligent, achieving, and conscientious." Compared with later-born children, firstborn children
have also been described as more adult-oriented, helpful, conforming, and self-controlled.
Proposed explanations for differences related to birth order usually point to variations in
interactions with parents and siblings associated with being in a particular position in the family.
In one study, mothers became more negative, coercive, and restraining and played less with the
firstborn following the birth of a second child.
Topic: Birth Order
Bloom's: Understand
141) Should parents stay in an unhappy or conflicted marriage for the sake of their children?
Answer: If the stresses and disruptions in family relationships associated with an unhappy,
conflict-ridden marriage that erode the well-being of children are reduced by the move to a
divorced, single-parent family, divorce can be advantageous. However, if the diminished
resources and increased risks associated with divorce also are accompanied by inept parenting
and sustained or increased conflict, not only between the divorced couple but also among the
parents, children, and siblings, the best choice for the children would be for an unhappy marriage
to be retained. It is difficult to determine how these "ifs" will play out when parents either remain
together in an acrimonious marriage or become divorced.
Topic: Divorce
Bloom's: Analyze
APA LO: 2.1: Use scientific reasoning to interpret psychological phenomena
52
142) What are the developmental consequences of abuse of children?
Answer: There are many developmental consequences of abuse. These include poor emotion
regulation, attachment problems, problems in peer relations, difficulty in adapting to school, and
other psychological problems such as depression and delinquency. According to research on
abnormal stress hormone levels in young children in different types of rearing conditions,
maltreated young children in foster care showed abnormal stress hormone levels. Adolescents
who experienced abuse and neglect as children are more likely than adolescents who were not
maltreated as children to engage in violent romantic relationships, delinquency, sexual risk
taking, and substance abuse.
Bloom's: Understand
143) What is emotion security theory? What factors influence an individual child's vulnerability
to suffering negative consequences from living in a divorced family?
Answer: Emotion security theory has its roots in attachment theory and states that children
appraise marital conflict in terms of their sense of security and safety in the family. Among the
factors involved in a child's risk and vulnerability is the child's adjustment prior to the divorce, as
well as the child's personality and temperament, gender, and custody situation. Children whose
parents later divorce often show poor adjustment before the breakup. Children who are socially
mature and responsible, who show few behavioral problems, and who have an easy temperament
are better able to cope with their parents' divorce. Children with a difficult temperament often
have problems coping with their parents' divorce.
Topic: Parenting; Divorce; Parent-Child Relations
Bloom's: Understand
53
144) In the context of the influence of ethnicity on parenting, what are some of the stressors
experienced by immigrant families? How do ethnic minority families deal with stress?
Answer: Immigrant families often experience stressors uncommon to or less prominent among
longtime residents, such as language barriers, dislocations and separations from support
networks, the dual struggle to preserve identity and to acculturate, changes in socioeconomic
(SES) status, and health.
Whether the parents are native-born or immigrants, how long the family has been in this country,
and their socioeconomic status and national origin all have an impact on how ethnic minority
families deal with stress. The characteristics of the family's social context also influence its
adaptation.
Topic: Cultural, Ethnic, Socioeconomic Variations in Parenting
Bloom's: Understand
APA LO: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains; 2.5: Incorporate
sociocultural factors in scientific inquiry
145) Discuss how parents influence their children's peer relations.
Answer: Parents influence their children's peer relations in many ways. Parents affect such
relations through their interactions with their children, how they manage their children's lives,
and the opportunities they provide to their children. Basic lifestyle decisions by parents—their
choices of neighborhoods, churches, schools, and their own friends—largely determine the pool
from which their children select possible friends. These choices in turn affect which children
their children meet, their purpose in interacting, and eventually which children become their
friends. Researchers also have found that children's peer relations are linked to attachment
security and parents' marital quality. Early attachments to caregivers provide a connection to
children's peer relations not only by creating a secure base from which children can explore
social relationships beyond the family but also by conveying a working model of relationships.
Topic: Parent-Child Relations; Peer relations
Bloom's: Understand
APA LO: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains; 3.2: Build and
enhance interpersonal relationships
54
Test Bank for Essentials of Life-Span Development, 6th Edition, John Santrock
146) Discuss the negative influence of too much screen time on children.
Answer: There are many developmental consequences of too much screen time on children. Too
much screen time can make children passive learners, distract them from doing homework, teach
them stereotypes, provide them with violent models of aggression, and present them with
unrealistic views of the world. Other concerns include decreased time spent in play, less time
interacting with peers, higher rates of aggression, an increased risk of being overweight or obese,
decreased physical activity, lower cognitive development, and poor sleep habits.
Bloom's: Understand
55
Visit TestBankBell.com to get complete for all chapters

Test Bank For Essentials of Life Span Development 6th Edition John Santrock

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Test Bank For Essentials of Life Span Development 6th Edition John Santrock

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Test Bank for Essentials of Life-Span Development, 6th Edition, John Santrock

Test Bank for Essentials of Life-Span Development,

To download the complete and accurate content document, go to:

Visit TestBankBell.com to get complete for all chapters

2) According to Erik Erikson, the great governor of initiative is

11) Developmental psychologists describe Jennifer as an emotion-dismissing parent to her son.

16) According to Freud, the moral element of personality is called the

21) The ability to discern another's inner psychological state is known as

45) The social role theory suggests that

56) A ________ is a cognitive structure, a network of associations that guides an individual's

92) Which of the following is true about childhood maltreatment?

103) The overwhelming majority of children from gay or lesbian families

Answer: Erik Erikson

Answer: Sigmund Freud

Answer: Alice Eagly

Answer: Diana Baumrind

Answer: Judy Dunn

Answer: An emotion-coaching approach

Answer: Heteronomous morality

Answer: The Social cognitive theory of gender

Answer: Indulgent parenting

Answer: Time out

Answer: Constructive play

134) Why are young children's self-descriptions typically unrealistically positive?

145) Discuss how parents influence their children's peer relations.

Visit TestBankBell.com to get complete for all chapters

You might also like