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Test Bank for Public / Community Health and Nursing Practice: Caring for Populations, 2nd Ed

Test Bank for Public / Community Health and


Nursing Practice: Caring for Populations, 2nd
Edition, Christine L. Savage

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Chapter 7: Health Disparities and Vulnerable Populations

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____ 1. A nurse is studying the high infant mortality rate in a community with a mean household income below the
poverty level within the larger community served by her hospital. She looks into the problem further and finds
that the only prenatal care clinics available that accept Medicaid or offer a sliding scale payment system are
not located within the community and require taking three different busses to get there. The lack of access to
affordable prenatal care is an example of:
1. Health disparity.
2. Health inequity.
3. Health inequality.
4. Social justice.
____ 2. Which of the following programs was specifically designed to work toward optimal health for all Americans?
1. Racial and Ethnic Approaches to Health (REACH)
2. Universal Health Care
3. Healthy People
4. Agency for Health Care Research and Quality (AHRQ)
____ 3. A nurse working in an urban nurse-managed health clinic located in a neighborhood with a high poverty rate
notices that the patients she is seeing with type 2 diabetes are having difficulty controlling their A1C levels.
She suspects that they may be having difficulty accessing their medications due to cost. What would be her
first step in addressing the problem?
1. Conduct a focused assessment that includes a patient survey and an evaluation of factors
associated with access to medication.
2. Counsel patients on how to obtain health insurance to help with the cost of
pharmaceuticals.
3. Develop a patient education information pamphlet related to controlling A1C that is
culturally relevant and addresses health literacy levels of the population.
4. Formulate a community diagnosis and enlist stakeholders to help increase assess to
diabetic medications.
____ 4. A nurse is performing an assessment of a very economically diverse community and realizes that while
comparing income to health outcomes, the nurse must be careful to:
1. Compare only the outcomes of the richest community members to the outcomes of the
poorest community members.
2. Recognize that income and outcomes exist on a scale and look across the entire spectrum.
3. Evaluate only the poorest health outcomes and where they land on the income spectrum.
4. Evaluate only the poorest community members and their health outcomes.
____ 5. A nurse is looking at reasons why members of a community are more likely to die from heart disease. The
nurse finds several studies that suggest that social factors, such as ____, are more important than behavioral
choices.
1. Smoking
2. High-fat or high-sugar diets
3. Poverty
4. Lack of exercise

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____ 6. During a lecture on health disparities, a student asks the instructor how communities with great access to
health care can still have poor health outcomes. How should the instructor respond?
1. Social determinants of health determine how people respond to health threats and how
they access preventative care.
2. The student is incorrect. Communities with good access to care have good health
outcomes.
3. This phenomenon only occurs in communities where the quality of health care is poor.
4. Members of these communities only have access to primary-care providers, which reduces
the quality of care they receive.
____ 7. A nurse is working with a group of refugees who recently arrived in the United States after suffering
conflict-related violence in their country. The nurse knows that they should be assessed for:
1. Communicable diseases.
2. Injuries related to torture or sexual assault.
3. Mental illness such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
4. All of the above.
____ 8. A nurse is assessing a young mother who lost her job. She has no way to support her family and has found
herself living on the streets because she doesn’t have any other family in the area. Which of the following
should she do first?
1. Look at the broader picture and see if there are any opportunities for policy change.
2. Help her find shelter at the community shelter for women and children.
3. Provide her with information on resources to help her with financial support while she
seeks a new job.
4. Ask her to come back in 6 months for a re-evaluation.
____ 9. A community nurse-managed clinic has seen an increase in the number of patients who have immigrated to
the U.S. from Central America who are experiencing poorer outcomes than other patients. A nurse working in
the clinic decides to take a multiple determinants of vulnerability approach to help understand possible
underlying factors for this population. Using that approach, she would take into account all but which of the
following as primary factors?
1. Stigma
2. Racism
3. Discrimination
4. Health literacy
____ 10. A public health nurse (PHN) is starting a study of different populations in the community to see which groups
have faced marginalization and to what degree. The PHN is looking for evidence that:
1. A group has been discriminated against based on their race or ethnicity.
2. A group has been treated as if they are not important or of little consequence to the rest of
society.
3. A group has been labeled by society as possessing a particular characteristic that is not
valued, leading to a loss of status.
4. A group has been assigned a negative or positive belief that is believed to apply to the
entire group.
____ 11. A nurse is caring for a young man who is squatting in an abandoned factory a mile away from the clinic. The
nurse documents that he is experiencing what type of homelessness?
1. Primary
2. Secondary
3. Tertiary
4. He is not homeless because he has an indoor shelter in which to sleep.

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____ 12. A nurse received funding to start a mobile health unit to serve the health needs of the homeless population. In
addition to a having a good understanding of noncommunicable diseases, what other specialty areas would be
helpful in caring for this population?
1. Treatment of substance use disorders
2. Treatment of communicable diseases
3. Treatment of mental health disorders
4. All of the above
____ 13. A nurse is working at a primary care clinic on the Mexican-Californian border. The nurse frequently takes
care of refugee families when they first arrive in the United States. When meeting with a new family, the
nurse makes sure to inform them that they are eligible for which of the following services?
1. Medicaid
2. Free health insurance for 1 year
3. Housing and food support
4. Free English classes
____ 14. The maternal-child nurse who is fluent in Spanish is working at the public health department located in a
“sanctuary city”. She is conducting a home visit with a young mother from Northern Triangle of Central
America who arrived in the U.S. in 2017 and is now staying with her brother who is a U.S. citizen. The
mother is very frightened and states that she fled her country because of the violence she and her children has
experienced. She fears that they will not survive if they go back. The mother is eligible to apply for what
status?
1. Asylee
2. Refugee
3. Immigrant
4. Permanent resident

Multiple Response
Identify one or more choices that best complete the statement or answer the question.

____ 15. A maternal child nurse working in Southern Sudan is faced with lack of which main factors that contribute to
the high infant mortality rate? (Select all that apply.)
1. Physicians
2. Electricity
3. Transportation
4. Equipment
____ 16. When conducting a community survey in a larger urban community, two PHNs, Mark and Jane, know that
there is great diversity based on socioeconomic status. They know it is important to determine which
respondents do not meet the poverty threshold. They understand that this indicator reflects: (Select all that
apply.)
1. The Census Bureau adjusts it based on family size and other demographics.
2. A lack of goods and services commonly taken for granted by mainstream society.
3. The method for doing the calculations over the past 40 years has included the increasing
cost of medications.
4. The method for doing the calculations over the past 40 years has included increasing the
percentage spent on food.

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____ 17. A nurse is organizing a round table presentation at a conference. The nurse asks the other participants for
suggestions on actions that nurses can take to reduce health disparities in their country. Which of the
following suggestions are known to be effective measures nurses can take that focus on the reduction of
health disparities? (Select all that apply.)
1. Volunteer with an international organization that supports building infrastructure in
underdeveloped areas.
2. Support initiatives that increase physical education classes and healthy school meals.
3. Design and create research studies that address inequities and support vulnerable
populations.
4. Discuss social and health disparity information with coworkers to promote awareness.
5. Act as advocates for patients, families, and communities in reducing inequities.
____ 18. A public health nurse (PHN) is performing a community assessment to better understand the underlying
factors associated with the increase in the childhood obesity in the community. What social determinants of
health should the PHN include in the assessment? (Select all that apply.)
1. Location of primary health providers
2. Nutrition and physical education classes in the public schools
3. Housing security
4. Presence of sidewalks and green space within the community
5. Access to fresh produce
____ 19. A nurse is training for a new job at a community clinic after moving to Central California, an area rich in
agriculture and where a large number of migrant workers are employed. The nurse asks about specific social
and health issues that the migrant worker population faces, and the nurse supervisor replies: (Select all that
apply.)
1. They have difficulty establishing residency in a single location, making them ineligible for
government benefits.
2. Most of them lack access to worker’s compensation or disability insurance.
3. Frequent travel and location changes make it difficult for them to establish continuity of
care with a single provider.
4. Illegal immigration status is a problem for almost all of them.
5. Language is often a barrier.
____ 20. Two nurses are in the process of developing a nurse-managed free clinic for persons experiencing
homelessness. They want to tailor the services for those who are at greatest risk for experiencing
homelessness, which includes: (Select all that apply.)
1. Young families
2. White non-Hispanic Americans
3. Single men
4. African Americans
5. Persons diagnosed with a serious mental illness (SMI)

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Chapter 7: Health Disparities and Vulnerable Populations
Answer Section

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. ANS: 2
Objective: 1. Compare and contrast the concepts of health disparity, equity, and inequality from a local to
global perspective.
Page:
Heading: Introduction
Integrated Processes: Nursing Process
Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Cognitive Level: Application [Applying]
Concept: Promoting Health; Diversity; Pregnancy; Assessment; Ethics
Difficulty: Difficult
Feedback
1 A health disparity reflects that a health outcome is seen to a greater or lesser extent
between populations that may or may not be due to modifiable differences.
2 A health inequity describes avoidable gaps in health outcomes that are modifiable.
3 A health inequality is another term for health disparity and reflects that a health
outcome is seen to a greater or lesser extent between populations that may or may not
be due to modifiable differences.
4 Social justice related to health involves actions taken to promote equal opportunities to
maximize the health of individuals and communities.

PTS: 1 REF: 158


CON: Promoting Health | Diversity | Pregnancy | Assessment | Ethics
2. ANS: 3
Objective: 1. Compare and contrast the concepts of health disparity, equity, and inequality from a local to
global perspective.
Page:
Heading: Social Determinants of Health, Social Justice, and Social Capital
Integrated Processes: The Nursing Process
Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Cognitive Level: Application [Applying]
Concept: Promoting Health; Health-Care System
Difficulty: Easy

Feedback
1 The Racial and Ethnic Approaches to Health Program, or REACH, was created to
increase community-funding programs that minimize health disparities.
2 Universal health care, while often considered to be the optimal plan to minimize health
disparities, does not exist in the United States.
3 Healthy People is a program established by the CDC that sets goals that work toward
optimal health for all Americans.
4 AHRQ’s mission is to produce evidence to make health care safer, higher quality, more
accessible, equitable, and affordable.

PTS: 1 REF: 160 CON: Promoting Health | Health-Care System

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3. ANS: 1
Objective: 3. Define and explain the role of social determinants of health, social justice in the health of
populations.
Page:
Heading: Introduction and The Case of the Rubbermaid Storage Box
Integrated Processes: Nursing Process
Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Pharmacological and Parental Therapies
Cognitive Level: Synthesizing
Concept: Assessment; Diversity; Metabolism
Difficulty: Moderate
Feedback
1 Conducting a focused assessment that includes a patient survey and an evaluation of
factors associated with access to medication would help her identify underlying
modifiable risk factors and determine if indeed cost of the medication was a
contributing factor.
2 She must first identify the underlying modifiable risk factors and determine if indeed
cost of the medication was a contributing factor.
3 Developing a patient education information pamphlet related to controlling A1C that is
culturally relevant and addresses health literacy levels of the population is a possible
action plan. However, if patients are unable to access medication due to cost, this
approach may not adequately address the problem.
4 Formulating a community diagnosis occurs after assessment data are collected and is
not the first step. Enlisting stakeholders specifically to help increase assess to diabetic
medications would occur only after it has been determined that access is a contributing
factor.

PTS: 1 REF: 172


CON: Assessment | Promoting Health | Diversity | Critical Thinking | Metabolism
4. ANS: 2
Objective: 3. Define and explain the role of social determinants of health and social justice in the health of
populations.
Page:
Heading: Introduction
Integrated Processes: Nursing Process
Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Cognitive Level: Application [Applying]
Concept: Diversity; Critical Thinking; Evidence-Based Practice; Promoting Health; Economics
Difficulty: Moderate
Feedback
1 Income levels exist on a spectrum and the nurse should be careful to consider all
community members along that spectrum, not just the richest and the poorest. It is
especially important not to compare the health outcomes of the two extremes of the
spectrum to each other.
2 Income levels exist on a spectrum and the nurse should be careful to consider all
community members along that spectrum, not just the richest and the poorest. It is
especially important not to compare the health outcomes of the two extremes of the
spectrum to each other.
3 Income levels exist on a spectrum and the nurse should be careful to consider all
community members along that spectrum, not just the richest and the poorest. It is
especially important not to compare the health outcomes of the two extremes of the

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spectrum to each other.
4 Income levels exist on a spectrum and the nurse should be careful to consider all
community members along that spectrum, not just the richest and the poorest. It is
especially important not to compare the health outcomes of the two extremes of the
spectrum to each other.

PTS: 1 REF: 159


CON: Diversity | Critical Thinking | Evidence-Based Practice | Promoting Health | Economics
5. ANS: 3
Objective: 3. Define and explain the role of social determinants of health and social justice in the health of
populations.
Page:
Heading: Vulnerability at the Population Level
Integrated Processes: Nursing Process
Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Cognitive Level: Application [Applying]
Concept: Perfusion; Evidence-Based Practice
Difficulty: Moderate
Feedback
1 Several studies have shown that social determinants of health, such as poverty and
stress, may be more important than behavioral choices such as smoking.
2 Several studies have shown that social determinants of health, such as poverty and
stress, may be more important than behavioral choices such as a high-fat or high-sugar
diets.
3 Several studies have shown that social determinants of health, such as poverty and
stress, may be more important than behavioral choices.
4 Several studies have shown that social determinants of health, such as poverty and
stress, may be more important than behavioral choices such as lack of exercise.

PTS: 1 REF: 160 | 161 CON: Perfusion | Evidence-Based Practice


6. ANS: 1
Objective: 3. Define and explain the role of social determinants of health and social justice in the health of
populations.
Page:
Heading: Social Determinants of Health, Health Disparity, and Social Justice
Integrated Processes: Teaching/Learning
Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Cognitive Level: Application [Applying]
Concept: Promoting Health; Nursing Roles
Difficulty: Difficult

Feedback
1 Social determinants of health determine how people respond to health threats and how
frequently they access preventative measures.
2 The student is correct. Access to health care does not guarantee good health outcomes.
Community members may not be able to afford accessing such care or may be unable
to access care due to busy work schedules.
3 Access to good health care does not guarantee good health outcomes. If community
members are not able to afford health care or are unable to access care due to stressful

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work schedules, the quality of the care does not matter.
4 Access to only primary-care providers does not lead to poor health outcomes. Social
determinants of health determine how people respond to health threats and how
frequently they access preventative measures.

PTS: 1 REF: 160 | 161 CON: Promoting Health | Nursing Roles


7. ANS: 4
Objective: 2. Distinguish groups in our society who are traditionally considered vulnerable.
Page:
Heading: Immigrants, Migrants, Refugees, and Asylees > Refugees and Asylees
Integrated Processes: Nursing Process
Client Need: Psychosocial Integrity
Cognitive Level: Application [Applying]
Concept: Infection; Diversity; Violence; Assessment
Difficulty: Easy
Feedback
1 Refugees arriving in the United States have likely faced violence or rape in their
refugee camps or on the journey to this country. There is also a significantly increased
risk of contracting infectious diseases or developing mental illness secondary to the
trauma they survived.
2 Refugees arriving in the United States have likely faced violence or rape in their
refugee camps or on the journey to this country. There is also a significantly increased
risk of contracting infectious diseases or developing mental illness secondary to the
trauma they survived.
3 Refugees arriving in the United States have likely faced violence or rape in their
refugee camps or on the journey to this country. There is also a significantly increased
risk of contracting infectious diseases or developing mental illness secondary to the
trauma they survived.
4 Refugees arriving in the United States have likely faced violence or rape in their
refugee camps or on the journey to this country. There is also a significantly increased
risk of contracting infectious diseases or developing mental illness secondary to the
trauma they survived.

PTS: 1 REF: 179 CON: Infection | Diversity | Violence | Assessment


8. ANS: 2
Objective: 5. Develop strategies for reducing vulnerability among various groups.
Page:
Heading: Experiencing Homelessness > Impact on Health
Integrated Processes: Nursing Process
Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Cognitive Level: Analysis [Analyzing]
Concept: Promoting Health; Critical Thinking; Legal; Safety
Difficulty: Moderate
Feedback
1 Although it is important that the nurse look at the broader picture to provide
opportunities to improve outcomes for other mothers in the community, the priority is
to help the mother find safe shelter.
2 Women and children who are homeless are at risk for illness and injury, and should be
sheltered in a safe environment before any other action can be taken.
3 Providing the mother with information on financial aid can be done once safe shelter is

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secured.
4 Women and children who are homeless are at risk for illness and injury, and should be
sheltered in a safe environment before any other action can be taken.

PTS: 1 REF: 173 | 174 CON: Promoting Health | Critical Thinking | Legal
9. ANS: 4
Objective: 2. Distinguish groups in our society who are traditionally considered vulnerable.
Page:
Heading: Vulnerability at the Population Level > Multiple Determinants of Vulnerability
Integrated Processes: Nursing Process
Client Need: Psychosocial Integrity
Cognitive Level: Application [Applying]
Concept: Diversity
Difficulty: Moderate
Feedback
1 Using a multiple determinants of vulnerability approach acknowledges the overlap of
risk across many of the determinants of health. In particular, marginalization, racism,
discrimination, and stigma of a population can result in increased vulnerability.
2 Using a multiple determinants of vulnerability approach acknowledges the overlap of
risk across many of the determinants of health. In particular, marginalization, racism,
discrimination, and stigma of a population can result in increased vulnerability.
3 Using a multiple determinants of vulnerability approach acknowledges the overlap of
risk across many of the determinants of health. In particular, marginalization, racism,
discrimination, and stigma of a population can result in increased vulnerability.
4 Although low health literacy can contribute to a decreased ability to manage one’s
health, it is not one of the primary factors that contributes to vulnerability.

PTS: 1 REF: 166 | 167 CON: Diversity


10. ANS: 2
Objective: 1. Describe the concept of vulnerability from a population perspective.
Page:
Heading: Vulnerability at the Population Level > Multiple Determinants of Vulnerability
Integrated Processes: Nursing Process
Client Need: Psychosocial Integrity
Cognitive Level: Application [Applying]
Concept: Diversity; Assessment
Difficulty: Moderate
Feedback
1 Being discriminated against based on race or ethnicity is called racism or
discrimination.
2 Being treated as if they are of little consequence or not important is called
marginalization.
3 Having been labeled by society as possessing a particular characteristic that is not
valued, leading to a loss of status is called stigmatization, not marginalization.
4 Assigning a negative or positive belief that is believed to apply to the entire group is
called stereotyping, not marginalization.

PTS: 1 REF: 169 CON: Diversity | Assessment


11. ANS: 1

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Objective: 3. Demonstrate an understanding of the individual and social determinants of health and their
contribution to population vulnerability.
Page:
Heading: Experiencing Homelessness
Integrated Processes: Communication and Documentation
Client Need: Psychosocial Integrity
Cognitive Level: Application [Applying]
Concept: Communication; Safety
Difficulty: Moderate
Feedback
1 This young man is experiencing primary homelessness because he is living in an
abandoned building, which is not suitable for living.
2 Secondary homelessness is when someone is staying in a temporary housing situation,
such as in a shelter or with a family member or friend.
3 Tertiary homelessness is when someone is renting a single room without the security of
a fixed place to live.
4 This young man is homeless because he doesn’t have a safe and reliable place to stay.
He is experiencing primary homelessness because he is living in an abandoned
building, which is not suitable for living.

PTS: 1 REF: 170 CON: Communication | Safety


12. ANS: 4
Objective: 5. Develop strategies for reducing vulnerability among various groups.
Page:
Heading: Experiencing Homelessness > Impact on Health
Integrated Processes: Nursing Process
Client Need: Psychosocial Integrity; Physiological Integrity
Cognitive Level: Analysis [Analyzing]
Concept: Addiction; Critical Thinking; Nursing
Difficulty: Easy
Feedback
1 Members of the homeless population are significantly more likely to suffer from mental
disorders, substance use disorders, and communicable diseases.
2 Members of the homeless population are significantly more likely to suffer from mental
disorders, substance use disorders, and communicable diseases.
3 Members of the homeless population are significantly more likely to suffer from mental
disorders, substance use disorders, and communicable diseases.
4 Members of the homeless population are significantly more likely to suffer from mental
disorders, substance use disorders, and communicable diseases.

PTS: 1 REF: 170 | 171 CON: Promoting Health | Critical Thinking | Nursing
13. ANS: 3
Objective: 6. Differentiate the various roles and responsibilities of the nurse when caring for vulnerable
populations.
Page:
Heading: Immigrants, Migrants, Refugees, and Asylees > Refugees and Asylees
Integrated Processes: Teaching/Learning
Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Cognitive Level: Application [Applying]
Concept: Promoting Health; Diversity; Nursing Roles

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Difficulty: Moderate
Feedback
1 When refugees first arrive in the United States, they are given food and housing
support, health insurance for the first 8 months, and employment training or job
placement assistance. They are encouraged to apply for Medicaid at the end of the 8
months, but they would still need to apply and qualify.
2 Refugees are given health insurance for 8 months when they first arrive. They are
encouraged to apply for Medicaid at the end of the 8 months, but they still need to
apply and qualify.
3 When refugees first arrive in the United States, they are given food and housing
support, health insurance for the first 8 months, and employment training or job
placement assistance.
4 When refugees first arrive in the United States, they are given food and housing
support, health insurance for the first 8 months, and employment training or job
placement assistance.

PTS: 1 REF: 180 CON: Promoting Health | Diversity | Nursing Roles


14. ANS: 1
Objective: 2. Distinguish groups in our society who are traditionally considered vulnerable.
Page:
Heading: Immigrants, Migrants, Refugees, and Asylees > Refugees and Asylees
Integrated Processes: Nursing Process
Client Need: Psychosocial Integrity
Cognitive Level: Application [Applying]
Concept: Diversity; Violence; Legal
Difficulty: Moderate
Feedback
1 An asylee is a person who is looking to escape an oppressive situation in her own
country, but who has already made it to the United States. A refugee is someone who is
looking to escape their country but who still is living in their home country.
2 A refugee is someone who is looking to escape their country but who still is living in
their home country. This woman is an asylee because she has already made it to the
United States.
3 She should be applying for asylee status. An asylee is a person who is looking to escape
an oppressive situation in her own country, but who has already made it to the United
States.
4 She should be applying for asylee status. An asylee is a person who is looking to escape
an oppressive situation in her own country, but who has already made it to the United
States.

PTS: 1 REF: 178 CON: Diversity | Violence | Legal

MULTIPLE RESPONSE

15. ANS: 1, 2, 4
Objective: 2. Discuss the magnitude of health disparities both in the United States and internationally.
Page:
Heading: Disparity, Inequity at the National and Global Level > Cellular to Global
Integrated Processes: Nursing Process

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Client Need: Safe Effective Care Environment
Cognitive Level: Application
Concept: Assessment, Diversity, Safety
Difficulty: Moderate

Feedback
1 Lack of physicians, electricity, equipment, and medication are all factors contributing to
the high infant mortality rate.
2 Lack of physicians, electricity, equipment, and medication are all factors contributing to
the high infant mortality rate.
3 Although transportation may not be as efficient as it could be, it is not one of the main
factors contributing to the high infant mortality rate.
4 Lack of physicians, electricity, equipment, and medication are all factors contributing to
the high infant mortality rate.

PTS: 1 REF: 159 CON: Assessment | Diversity | Safety


16. ANS: 1, 2, 4
Objective: 3. Define and explain the role of social determinants of health, social justice in the health of
populations.
Page:
Heading: Vulnerability at the Population Level; Poverty
Integrated Processes: Assessment
Client Need: Health promoting and maintenance
Cognitive Level: Application [Applying]
Concept: Promoting Health; Economics Assessment
Difficulty: Moderate

Feedback
1 The Census Bureau adjusts the poverty threshold based on family size and other
demographics.
2 The poverty threshold reflects lack of goods and services commonly taken for granted
by mainstream society.
3 The percentage of income spent on food has decreased.
4 The percentage spent on such categories as transportation, health care, and childcare
have increased.

PTS: 1 REF: 167 CON: Promoting Health | Economics | Assessment


17. ANS: 2, 3, 4, 5
Objective: 3. Define and explain the role of social determinants of health and social justice in the health of
populations.
Page:
Heading: Vulnerability at the Population Level > Multiple Determinants of Vulnerability
Integrated Processes: The Nursing Process
Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Cognitive Level: Application [Applying]
Concept: Critical Thinking; Evidence-Based Practice; Nursing; Promoting Health; Nursing Roles;
Collaboration
Difficulty: Easy

Feedback

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1 Volunteering with an international organization that supports building infrastructure in
underdeveloped areas targets global rather than national-level outcomes.
2 Supporting initiatives that increase physical education and healthy meals in schools will
improve health outcomes in underserved areas and can help diminish health disparities.
3 Designing and creating research studies that address health inequities and support vulnerable
populations are one way that nurses can reduce health disparities.
4 Promoting awareness of health disparities through discussions with colleagues and friends is
a great way for nurses to reduce health disparities. This helps other nurses be more aware of
the issues surrounding health inequities and act in ways to reduce disparities.
5 Although nurses should always act as advocates for their patients, advocating for
particularly vulnerable populations, whether they include patients, their families, or
communities, can be an effective way of reducing local disparities.

PTS: 1 REF: 165 | 166


CON: Critical Thinking | Evidence-Based Practice | Nursing | Promoting Health | Nursing Roles |
Collaboration
18. ANS: 1, 2, 4, 5
Objective: 6. Compare and contrast population level strategies for improving health among different
vulnerable groups.
Page:
Heading: Social Determinants of Health, Health Disparity, and Social Justice
Integrated Processes: Nursing Process
Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Cognitive Level: Analysis [Analyzing]
Concept: Nutrition; Assessment; Critical Thinking; Promoting Health
Difficulty: Moderate

Feedback
1 Location of primary health providers is an important factor to examine when performing a
community health assessment. Lack of access to health care makes a population more
vulnerable to health disparities.
2 Lack of proper nutrition and physical education classes is an important social determinant of
health. Without them, students may not have adequate opportunities for physical activity or
correct information to make proper food choices.
3 Housing security, although an important social determinant of health in certain
circumstances, does not usually have a direct impact on childhood obesity rates.
4 The presence or absence of sidewalks and green space within a community can be an
important sign of how walkable the community is. A community with a lot of sidewalks and
walking paths promotes walking and healthy activity. A community without sidewalks does
not.
5 Access to fresh produce is an important component of health communities. Without
nutritious foods, children are at higher risk for obesity and other poor outcomes.

PTS: 1 REF: 162 | 163


CON: Nutrition | Assessment | Critical Thinking | Promoting Health
19. ANS: 1, 2, 3, 5
Objective: 3. Demonstrate an understanding of the individual and social determinants of health and their
contribution to population vulnerability.
Page:
Heading: Immigrants, Migrant Workers, Refugees, and Asylees > Migrant Workers

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Test Bank for Public / Community Health and Nursing Practice: Caring for Populations, 2nd Ed

Integrated Processes: Nursing Process


Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Cognitive Level: Application [Applying]
Concept: Diversity; Promoting Health; Assessment; Communication
Difficulty: Moderate

Feedback
1 Migrant workers tend to “follow the job,” meaning that they travel around the country
looking for work, which is usually agriculturally based. This can make establishing a
residency and accessing government benefits difficult.
2 Migrant workers usually work long hours and don’t have access to disability insurance or
workers compensation.
3 When traveling around the country for work, it becomes difficult to establish continuity of
care with a single provider.
4 Some migrant workers may be illegal immigrants, but most are legal citizens or residents.
5 Many migrant workers do not speak English or speak English as a second language. This
can lead to difficulties in obtaining culturally appropriate health care.

PTS: 1 REF: 175-178


CON: Diversity | Promoting Health | Assessment | Health-Care System | Communication
20. ANS: 3, 4, 5
Objective: 4. Apply the multiple determinants of vulnerability approach in determining levels of vulnerability
of a particular population.
Page:
Heading: Experiencing Homelessness > Persons Experiencing Homelessness
Integrated Processes: Teaching/Learning
Client Need: Psychosocial Integrity
Cognitive Level: Application [Applying]
Concept: Diversity; Family; Promoting Health; Nursing Roles
Difficulty: Moderate

Feedback
1 Single people are significantly more likely to become homeless than families. This may be
in part because of the number of safety nets in place to help families and children.
2 Hispanic Americans and African Americans are much more likely to become homeless than
White non-Hispanic Americans.
3 Single men are more likely to become homeless than single women or families.
4 Hispanic Americans and African Americans are much more likely to become homeless than
White non-Hispanic Americans
5 The rate of homelessness is higher in persons with an SMI than those without an SMI.

PTS: 1 REF: 171 CON: Diversity | Family | Promoting Health | Nursing Roles

Copyright © 2020 F. A. Davis Company

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