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Test Bank For Public Community Health and Nursing Practice Caring For Populations 2nd Edition Christine L Savage
Test Bank For Public Community Health and Nursing Practice Caring For Populations 2nd Edition Christine L Savage
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____ 1. A nurse is studying the high infant mortality rate in a community with a mean household income below the
poverty level within the larger community served by her hospital. She looks into the problem further and finds
that the only prenatal care clinics available that accept Medicaid or offer a sliding scale payment system are
not located within the community and require taking three different busses to get there. The lack of access to
affordable prenatal care is an example of:
1. Health disparity.
2. Health inequity.
3. Health inequality.
4. Social justice.
____ 2. Which of the following programs was specifically designed to work toward optimal health for all Americans?
1. Racial and Ethnic Approaches to Health (REACH)
2. Universal Health Care
3. Healthy People
4. Agency for Health Care Research and Quality (AHRQ)
____ 3. A nurse working in an urban nurse-managed health clinic located in a neighborhood with a high poverty rate
notices that the patients she is seeing with type 2 diabetes are having difficulty controlling their A1C levels.
She suspects that they may be having difficulty accessing their medications due to cost. What would be her
first step in addressing the problem?
1. Conduct a focused assessment that includes a patient survey and an evaluation of factors
associated with access to medication.
2. Counsel patients on how to obtain health insurance to help with the cost of
pharmaceuticals.
3. Develop a patient education information pamphlet related to controlling A1C that is
culturally relevant and addresses health literacy levels of the population.
4. Formulate a community diagnosis and enlist stakeholders to help increase assess to
diabetic medications.
____ 4. A nurse is performing an assessment of a very economically diverse community and realizes that while
comparing income to health outcomes, the nurse must be careful to:
1. Compare only the outcomes of the richest community members to the outcomes of the
poorest community members.
2. Recognize that income and outcomes exist on a scale and look across the entire spectrum.
3. Evaluate only the poorest health outcomes and where they land on the income spectrum.
4. Evaluate only the poorest community members and their health outcomes.
____ 5. A nurse is looking at reasons why members of a community are more likely to die from heart disease. The
nurse finds several studies that suggest that social factors, such as ____, are more important than behavioral
choices.
1. Smoking
2. High-fat or high-sugar diets
3. Poverty
4. Lack of exercise
Multiple Response
Identify one or more choices that best complete the statement or answer the question.
____ 15. A maternal child nurse working in Southern Sudan is faced with lack of which main factors that contribute to
the high infant mortality rate? (Select all that apply.)
1. Physicians
2. Electricity
3. Transportation
4. Equipment
____ 16. When conducting a community survey in a larger urban community, two PHNs, Mark and Jane, know that
there is great diversity based on socioeconomic status. They know it is important to determine which
respondents do not meet the poverty threshold. They understand that this indicator reflects: (Select all that
apply.)
1. The Census Bureau adjusts it based on family size and other demographics.
2. A lack of goods and services commonly taken for granted by mainstream society.
3. The method for doing the calculations over the past 40 years has included the increasing
cost of medications.
4. The method for doing the calculations over the past 40 years has included increasing the
percentage spent on food.
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. ANS: 2
Objective: 1. Compare and contrast the concepts of health disparity, equity, and inequality from a local to
global perspective.
Page:
Heading: Introduction
Integrated Processes: Nursing Process
Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Cognitive Level: Application [Applying]
Concept: Promoting Health; Diversity; Pregnancy; Assessment; Ethics
Difficulty: Difficult
Feedback
1 A health disparity reflects that a health outcome is seen to a greater or lesser extent
between populations that may or may not be due to modifiable differences.
2 A health inequity describes avoidable gaps in health outcomes that are modifiable.
3 A health inequality is another term for health disparity and reflects that a health
outcome is seen to a greater or lesser extent between populations that may or may not
be due to modifiable differences.
4 Social justice related to health involves actions taken to promote equal opportunities to
maximize the health of individuals and communities.
Feedback
1 The Racial and Ethnic Approaches to Health Program, or REACH, was created to
increase community-funding programs that minimize health disparities.
2 Universal health care, while often considered to be the optimal plan to minimize health
disparities, does not exist in the United States.
3 Healthy People is a program established by the CDC that sets goals that work toward
optimal health for all Americans.
4 AHRQ’s mission is to produce evidence to make health care safer, higher quality, more
accessible, equitable, and affordable.
Feedback
1 Social determinants of health determine how people respond to health threats and how
frequently they access preventative measures.
2 The student is correct. Access to health care does not guarantee good health outcomes.
Community members may not be able to afford accessing such care or may be unable
to access care due to busy work schedules.
3 Access to good health care does not guarantee good health outcomes. If community
members are not able to afford health care or are unable to access care due to stressful
PTS: 1 REF: 173 | 174 CON: Promoting Health | Critical Thinking | Legal
9. ANS: 4
Objective: 2. Distinguish groups in our society who are traditionally considered vulnerable.
Page:
Heading: Vulnerability at the Population Level > Multiple Determinants of Vulnerability
Integrated Processes: Nursing Process
Client Need: Psychosocial Integrity
Cognitive Level: Application [Applying]
Concept: Diversity
Difficulty: Moderate
Feedback
1 Using a multiple determinants of vulnerability approach acknowledges the overlap of
risk across many of the determinants of health. In particular, marginalization, racism,
discrimination, and stigma of a population can result in increased vulnerability.
2 Using a multiple determinants of vulnerability approach acknowledges the overlap of
risk across many of the determinants of health. In particular, marginalization, racism,
discrimination, and stigma of a population can result in increased vulnerability.
3 Using a multiple determinants of vulnerability approach acknowledges the overlap of
risk across many of the determinants of health. In particular, marginalization, racism,
discrimination, and stigma of a population can result in increased vulnerability.
4 Although low health literacy can contribute to a decreased ability to manage one’s
health, it is not one of the primary factors that contributes to vulnerability.
PTS: 1 REF: 170 | 171 CON: Promoting Health | Critical Thinking | Nursing
13. ANS: 3
Objective: 6. Differentiate the various roles and responsibilities of the nurse when caring for vulnerable
populations.
Page:
Heading: Immigrants, Migrants, Refugees, and Asylees > Refugees and Asylees
Integrated Processes: Teaching/Learning
Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Cognitive Level: Application [Applying]
Concept: Promoting Health; Diversity; Nursing Roles
MULTIPLE RESPONSE
15. ANS: 1, 2, 4
Objective: 2. Discuss the magnitude of health disparities both in the United States and internationally.
Page:
Heading: Disparity, Inequity at the National and Global Level > Cellular to Global
Integrated Processes: Nursing Process
Feedback
1 Lack of physicians, electricity, equipment, and medication are all factors contributing to
the high infant mortality rate.
2 Lack of physicians, electricity, equipment, and medication are all factors contributing to
the high infant mortality rate.
3 Although transportation may not be as efficient as it could be, it is not one of the main
factors contributing to the high infant mortality rate.
4 Lack of physicians, electricity, equipment, and medication are all factors contributing to
the high infant mortality rate.
Feedback
1 The Census Bureau adjusts the poverty threshold based on family size and other
demographics.
2 The poverty threshold reflects lack of goods and services commonly taken for granted
by mainstream society.
3 The percentage of income spent on food has decreased.
4 The percentage spent on such categories as transportation, health care, and childcare
have increased.
Feedback
Feedback
1 Location of primary health providers is an important factor to examine when performing a
community health assessment. Lack of access to health care makes a population more
vulnerable to health disparities.
2 Lack of proper nutrition and physical education classes is an important social determinant of
health. Without them, students may not have adequate opportunities for physical activity or
correct information to make proper food choices.
3 Housing security, although an important social determinant of health in certain
circumstances, does not usually have a direct impact on childhood obesity rates.
4 The presence or absence of sidewalks and green space within a community can be an
important sign of how walkable the community is. A community with a lot of sidewalks and
walking paths promotes walking and healthy activity. A community without sidewalks does
not.
5 Access to fresh produce is an important component of health communities. Without
nutritious foods, children are at higher risk for obesity and other poor outcomes.
Feedback
1 Migrant workers tend to “follow the job,” meaning that they travel around the country
looking for work, which is usually agriculturally based. This can make establishing a
residency and accessing government benefits difficult.
2 Migrant workers usually work long hours and don’t have access to disability insurance or
workers compensation.
3 When traveling around the country for work, it becomes difficult to establish continuity of
care with a single provider.
4 Some migrant workers may be illegal immigrants, but most are legal citizens or residents.
5 Many migrant workers do not speak English or speak English as a second language. This
can lead to difficulties in obtaining culturally appropriate health care.
Feedback
1 Single people are significantly more likely to become homeless than families. This may be
in part because of the number of safety nets in place to help families and children.
2 Hispanic Americans and African Americans are much more likely to become homeless than
White non-Hispanic Americans.
3 Single men are more likely to become homeless than single women or families.
4 Hispanic Americans and African Americans are much more likely to become homeless than
White non-Hispanic Americans
5 The rate of homelessness is higher in persons with an SMI than those without an SMI.
PTS: 1 REF: 171 CON: Diversity | Family | Promoting Health | Nursing Roles