Test Bank For Psychology 6th Edition Nairne

Test Bank for Psychology, 6th Edition : Nairne
To download the complete and accurate content document, go to:

https://testbankbell.com/download/test-bank-for-psychology-6th-edition-nairne/
Visit TestBankBell.com to get complete for all chapters

Chapter 6—Consciousness
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Consciousness refers to:

a. the internal processes that people use to set priorities for mental functioning
b. the effortless background processing of environmental stimuli
c. schematic reorganization of mental structures
d. the subjective awareness of internal and external events
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: factual REF: Psychology for a Reason
2. The view that consciousness flows as a stream or river was proposed by:
a. Sigmund Freud
b. Wilhelm Wundt
c. B.F. Skinner
d. William James
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: factual REF: Psychology for a Reason
3. The subjective awareness of internal and external events is referred to as:

a. automaticity
b. filtering
c. consciousness
d. divided attention
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: factual REF: Psychology for a Reason
4. The term consciousness refers to:

a. a state of objective awareness
b. a state of subjective awareness
c. awareness of external events, but not internal events
d. awareness of internal events, but not external events
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: factual REF: Psychology for a Reason
MSC: New
5. Attention refers to:

a. the subjective awareness of internal and external events
b. the effortless background processing of environmental stimuli
c. the internal processes that people use to set priorities for mental functioning
d. schematic reorganization of mental structures
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: factual REF: Setting Priorities for
Mental Functioning
291
6. The internal processes that people use to set priorities for mental functioning are referred to as:
a. consciousness
b. synesthesia
c. attention
d. hypermnesia
Mental Functioning
7. The brain selectively focuses on some information, while ignoring other information. This process
is referred to as:
a. attention
b. subliminal perception
c. synesthesia
d. hypermnesia
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: applied REF: Setting Priorities for
Mental Functioning
8. Attention can be said to occur when:

a. a state of objective awareness is occurring
b. the brain selectively focuses on some information, while ignoring other information
c. a state of subjective awareness is occurring
d. internal processes take control leading to efficient, automatic behavior
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: factual REF: Setting Priorities for
Mental Functioning MSC: New
9. The term attention refers to:

a. a state of objective awareness
b. a state of subjective awareness
c. the internal processes that people use to set priorities for external behavior
d. the internal processes that people use to set priorities for mental functioning
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: factual REF: Setting Priorities for
10. The ability to focus on one auditory message and ignore others is known as the:
a. shadowing effect
b. auditory neglect effect
c. the cocktail party effect
d. attentional rebound effect
292
11. The cocktail party phenomenon refers to the ability to:
a. focus on one auditory message and ignore others
b. perform two different tasks simultaneously
c. process two auditory messages simultaneously and completely
d. ignore all auditory messages entering the system
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: factual REF: Setting Priorities for
12. When someone said your name across the room, your attention shifted immediately from the TV
news you had been intently watching to that conversation. This is most similar to:
a. shadowing
b. auditory neglect
c. the cocktail party effect
d. attentional rebound
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: conceptual REF: Experiments on
Attention
13. The cocktail party effect illustrates:

a. how visual neglect can influence behavior in a social setting
b. how attentional processes permit ignored information to be processed
c. how the perceptual processes are blended as in synesthesia
d. how the perceptual processes are influenced by commonly used drugs
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: conceptual REF: Experiments on
Attention
14. Alexandra’s 10-year-old has the television turned on, and her two teenagers are having a loud
argument in the next room. However, she is able to ignore all these distractions and focus on the
telephone conversation she is having with her neighbor. This example is an illustration of the
phenomenon psychologists refer to as:
a. attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
b. the cocktail party effect
c. automaticity
d. subliminal processing of information
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: applied REF: Experiments on
Attention
15. Stanley was quite involved in a conversation with the student next to him and was not paying
attention to his professor’s geography lecture. Suddenly, he was aware that the professor had just
said, “Stanley, what do you think?” Noticing his name in this way, when he had not been attending
to the lecture illustrates:
a. the influence of subliminal stimulation
b. automaticity
c. auditory neglect
d. the cocktail party effect
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: applied REF: Experiments on
Attention
293
16. When different auditory messages are being presented simultaneously to each ear, and the
subject’s task is to repeat aloud one message while ignoring the other, the person is participating
in:
a. a cocktail party task
b. systematic introspection
c. a dichotic listening task
d. systematic processing
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: factual REF: Experiments on
Attention MSC: New
17. When a dichotic listening task is being performed, as person is asked to:
a. present a message to two different people without changing the wording
b. present a message to two different people with variations in wording
c. ignore a message presented to one ear while repeating a message presented to the other
d. ignore a message being presented to both ears while devising a totally new message
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: factual REF: Experiments on
Attention MSC: New
18. The purpose of a dichotic listening task is to:

a. investigate processes in attention
b. evaluate whether a behavior has reached automaticity
c. diagnose ADHD
d. test subliminal perception
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: factual REF: Experiments on
Attention
19. Nancy participated in a study in which she was asked to listen to two streams of information
played over headphones. One stream was played to her left ear and one stream was played to her
right ear. She was asked to repeat aloud the information that she heard in her right ear. She
participated in:
a. an ADHD task
b. a hearing test
c. a consciousness monitoring paradigm
d. a dichotic listening task
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: factual REF: Experiments on
Attention
20. Mary took part in an experiment where she wore a special set of headphones that played different
messages to each ear. The researchers asked her to repeat the message in her left ear as she listened
to it. Based on the results of similar studies, it is likely that Mary will:
a. not be able to follow just one message and will often switch between the messages
b. be able to easily recall both messages, even though she only attended to the message in
one ear
c. not be able to recall the content of either message that she is listening to
d. not be able to recall the content of the message that is playing in her right ear
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: conceptual REF: Experiments on
Attention
294
21. Tammy took part in an experiment where she wore a special set of headphones that played
different messages to each ear. The researchers asked her to repeat the message in her left ear. The
message presented to her left ear was “Following weeks of increasing prices, the picnic had to be
canceled.” The message presented to her right ear was “After the rain started to fall, the stock
market took a downturn.” Based on the results of similar studies, it is likely that Tammy will say:
a. “Following weeks of increasing prices, the stock market took a downturn.”
b. “Following weeks of increasing prices, the picnic had to be canceled.”
c. “Following weeks of rain the stock market downturn had to be canceled.”
d. “Following weeks of increasing prices, the rain started to fall.”
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: applied REF: Experiments on
Attention
22. Shane took part in an experiment where he wore a special set of headphones that played different
messages to each ear. The researchers asked him to repeat the message in his left ear. The message
presented to his left ear was “After hearing months of testimony, the river finally flooded its
banks.” The message presented to his right ear was “After weeks of nonstop rain, the jury
delivered a verdict of not guilty.” Based on the results of similar studies, it is likely that Shane will
say:
a. “After hearing months of testimony, the river finally flooded its banks.”
b. “After hearing weeks of rain the jury flooded non-stop guilty verdicts.”
c. “After hearing months of testimony, the jury delivered a verdict of not guilty.”
d. “After hearing months of testimony, there was nonstop rain.”
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: applied REF: Experiments on
Attention
23. Jesse took part in an experiment where he wore a special set of headphones that played different
messages to each ear. The researchers asked him to repeat the message in his left ear. The message
presented to his left ear was “The baseball player received a standing ovation, after applying it to
the car.” The message presented to his right ear was “It is extremely important to buff the wax,
after he hit a grand-slam.” Based on the results of similar studies, it is likely that Jesse will say:
a. “The baseball player received a standing ovation, after he hit a grand-slam.”
b. “The baseball player received a standing ovation, after applying it to the car.”
c. “The baseball player buffed the grand-slam car wax on the car.”
d. “The baseball player received a standing ovation, after buffing the important wax.”
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: applied REF: Experiments on
Attention
24. Automaticity involves:

a. slow, effortful processing that requires focused attention
b. fast, effortless processing that does not require focused attention
c. subconscious processing of information that is not important
d. focusing conscious attention on new and demanding tasks
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: factual REF: Processing Without
Attention
295
25. Processes that are fast, effortless, and do not require focused attention are described as:
a. neglectful
b. fovea
c. automatic
d. occipital
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: factual REF: Processing Without
Attention
26. It is possible to measure automaticity through a:

a. cocktail party task
b. systematic introspection task
c. dichotic listening task
d. divided attention task
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: factual REF: Processing Without
Attention MSC: New
27. The purpose of a divided attention task is to measure:

a. consciousness
c. dichotic listening
d. automaticity
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: factual REF: Processing Without
Attention MSC: New
28. Bonnie was playing the piano when her little sister asked her how to spell “rhinoceros.” Bonnie
was able to think through the complicated spelling without stopping her piano practice. This
suggests that, for Bonnie:
a. piano playing has become an automatic process
b. spelling has become an automatic process
c. piano playing is an effortful process that requires conscious attention
d. spelling does not require focused attention
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: conceptual REF: Processing Without
Attention
29. Rebecca is just learning to use her new graphing calculator. She needs to refer to the manual
frequently and think about every step. As she becomes more familiar with the way in which her
calculator functions, pressing the correct sequence of keys should become:
a. an automatic process that requires less attention and conscious effort
b. a subliminal process that requires less attention and conscious effort
c. an automatic process that requires more attention and conscious effort
d. a dichotic process that requires less attention and conscious effort
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: applied REF: Processing without
Attention
296
30. Keno was doing great in his driver’s license road test until the officer started asking him questions.
While replying, he scraped the curb and almost lost control. The most likely conclusion is:
a. Keno probably has visual neglect
b. Keno probably has attention deficit disorder
c. Keno’s driving is not yet automatic
d. the cocktail party effect may occur while driving
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: applied REF: Processing without
Attention
31. As individuals become more familiar with tasks, the proportion of the brain’s conscious resources
that are used to perform these tasks:
a. won’t change, but the task is performed more quickly
b. will decrease, allowing other tasks to be performed at the same time
c. won’t change, but other tasks will no longer interfere with the familiar task
d. will increase, allowing other tasks to be performed at the same time
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: conceptual REF: Processing Without
Attention
32. The better one is at performing a task, and the more automatic it has become:
a. the less likely one is to attend consciously to the details of the task
b. the less dichotic the task is
c. the more likely one is to attend consciously to the details of the task
d. the more dichotic the task is
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: factual REF: Processing without
Attention MSC: New
33. Studies have found that when highly trained athletes are slightly distracted:
a. their skilled performance decreases
b. consciousness increases
c. their skilled performance increases
d. consciousness decreases
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: factual REF: Processing Without
Attention MSC: New
34. The increase in skilled performance shown by highly trained athletes when they are slightly
distracted is evidence for the effects of:
a. effortfulness
c. dichotic listening
d. automaticity
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: conceptual REF: Processing Without
Attention MSC: New
297
35. A highly skilled professional basketball player is slightly distracted by the child in the crowd with
the ladybug hand-puppet. Based on research divided attention, one would predict the basketball
player’s performance will:
a. decrease
b. increase
c. go unaffected
d. become variable
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: applied REF: Processing Without
Attention MSC: New
36. Which of the following is least likely an automatic process?

a. driving
b. reading
c. talking
d. walking
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: factual REF: Practical Solutions
MSC: New
37. Driver inattention is estimated to be responsible for about what percentage of traffic accidents on
U.S. highways?
a. 10
b. 30
c. 50
d. 70
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: factual REF: Practical Solutions
MSC: New
38. The evidence linking cell phone use to automobile accidents is:
a. based only on correlational research
b. based on experimental research
c. anecdotal
d. non-existent
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: factual REF: Practical Solutions
MSC: New
39. Compared to holding a conversation while driving, using a cell phone while driving:
a. is more disruptive
b. is less disruptive
c. is no different in its effect
d. actually improves one’s driving
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: factual REF: Practical Solutions
MSC: New
298
40. Cell phone use while driving induces a state of:
a. focused attention
b. automaticity
c. inattention blindness
d. consciousness
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: factual REF: Practical Solutions
MSC: New
41. A driver is going down the road speaking on a cell phone. You could predict the person’s:
a. driving will improve
b. chances of being in an accident will be similar to driving while intoxicated
c. driving will be unaffected
d. chances of being in an accident will be similar to the average
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: conceptual REF: Practical Solutions
MSC: New
42. Strayer and Johnston were investigating the link between cell phone use and the ability to react to
environmental stimuli. While the participants tracked a moving target using a joystick, they were
required to press a button each time a red light flashed at random points on a computer screen.
While completing the task, one group used a hand-held cell phone to carry on a conversation, one
group used a hands-free cell phone, and one group was not engaged in any conversation. The
researchers measured the time that elapsed between the appearance of the red light and the button
press. The results from this study suggested that compared to the group that was not engaged in
any conversation, people engaged in a cell phone conversation:
a. detected the red light each time it was present, but were slower to react to the red light
b. failed to detect the red light more often, but had equally quick reaction times when the red
light was detected
c. only showed slower reactions times if they were using a hand-held cell phone
d. failed to detect the red light more often, and were slower to react to the red light when it
was detected
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: factual REF: Practical Solutions
43. The attentional problem that is associated with a tendency to ignore things that appear toward the
left side of the body is:
b. boustrophedria
c. visual ataxia
d. visual neglect
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: factual REF: Disorders of Attention
44. Visual neglect is an attentional problem in which:

a. opposing colors are perceived inaccurately
b. individuals are easily distracted and have difficulty completing tasks
c. objects cannot be accurately perceived while they are in motion
d. there is a tendency to ignore things that appear toward the left side of the body
299
45. Visual neglect is most often associated with an injury to:
a. the left temporal lobe
b. the left occipital lobe
c. the right occipital lobe
d. the right parietal lobe
46. An injury to the right parietal lobe is most likely to result in which of the following:
b. drug dependency
c. synesthesia
d. visual neglect
47. Sarah recently struck the right side of her head. She finds she is having trouble in her classes
because, even though she takes down all the notes in class, when her friends go through their notes
with her they notice she has missed almost half the information. In particular, she seems to miss
everything that the professor writes on the left side of the board. Based on this information, Sarah
may be suffering from:
a. visual neglect
b. attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
c. Munchausen by proxy
d. visual agnosia
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: applied REF: Disorders of Attention
48. Shaun was in a car accident, and the doctors detected some damage to his right parietal lobe. Since
the accident, Shaun only shaves the left side of his face. Based on his injuries and his behavior,
you might conclude that Shaun has:
b. Munchausen by proxy
c. visual neglect
d. visual agnosia
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: applied REF: Disorders of Attention
49. Ali has visual neglect. First the researcher shows her a picture of a normal house and then a picture
of a house that is normal on the right side but on fire on the left side. When asked to choose which
house would be better to live in, Ali is likely to say:
a. “Either one, because they are both the same.”
b. “The first one, even though they are both the same.”
c. “Neither one, because they are both on fire.”
d. “The first one, because the second one is on fire.”
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: applied REF: Disorders of Attention
300
50. The “burning house” research with visual neglect patients supports the idea that:
a. information not in consciousness may be processed and influence behavior
b. no processing occurs for even very important information if it is in the “neglected” region
c. automaticity develops with repeated exposure, even if presented in the “neglected” region
d. if important enough, stimuli in the neglected field will reach consciousness
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: factual REF: Disorders of Attention
51. Carl has visual neglect. First the researcher shows him a picture of a normal car and then a picture
of a car that is normal on the right side but is wrecked on the left side. When asked to choose
which car would be a better purchase, Carl is likely to say:
b. “Neither one, because they are both wrecked.”
c. “The first one, because the second one is wrecked.”
d. “The first one, even though they are both the same.”
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: applied REF: Disorders of Attention
52. Deb has visual neglect. First the researcher shows her a picture of a normal plant and then a picture
of a plant that is normal on the right side but is dead on the left side. When asked to choose which
plant she would prefer to take home, Deb is likely to say:
b. “The first one, even though they are both the same.”
c. “Neither one, because they are both dead.”
d. “The first one, because the second one is dead.”
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: applied REF: Disorders of Attention
53. The attentional problem that is associated with easy distractibility and impulsivity is:
a. visual neglect
b. synesthesia
c. visual ataxia
d. attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: factual REF: Disorders of
Attention
54. A person with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder is likely to display which of the following?
a. excessive sleepiness during the day
b. difficulty focusing attention
c. hostility when asked to follow the rules
d. all of these choices
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: factual REF: Disorders of
Attention
301
55. Ernest has trouble completing any projects that he starts because he is easily distracted. Based on
this description, it would appear that Ernest may have:
b. visual ataxia
c. divided consciousness
d. hypermnesia
56. Joe is impulsive, has difficulty sitting still, and switches from one activity to another without
completing anything. Joe’s behavior is most likely a result of:
b. narcolepsy
c. synesthesia
d. attentional neglect
57. Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder is one of the most common psychological problems in
school-aged children. Researchers estimate that:
a. the disorder affects 3–5% of all children
b. approximately 10% of all children are affected by the disorder
c. the disorder is evident in nearly 25% of all children
d. over 50% of all children are affected by the disorder
58. Stimulant medications, such as Ritalin, are often used in the treatment of attention
deficit/hyperactivity disorder. These medications seem to:
a. help concentration but increase hyperactivity and disruptive behavior
b. interfere with concentration but reduce hyperactivity and disruptive behavior
c. help concentration and reduce hyperactivity and disruptive behavior
d. interfere with concentration but increase a child’s ability to focus his or her attention
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: factual REF: Disorders of Attention
59. Which of the following has been used to treat ADHD?

a. stimulants
b. depressants
c. hallucinogens
60. Stimulants, such as Ritalin, are used to treat:

a. visual neglect
b. synesthesia
c. ADHD
d. sleep disorders
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: factual REF: Disorders of Attention
302
61. Brain structures that schedule rhythmic variations in bodily functions by triggering them at the
appropriate times are called:
a. biological clocks
b. circadian timers
c. zeitgebers
d. arhythmics
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: factual REF: Biological Rhythms
MSC: New
62. The term “zeitgeber” refers to:

a. factors that hinder the efficient operation of our biological clocks
b. important controlling factors in the environment that help set our internal clocks
c. hormonal changes that trigger eating behavior
d. hormonal changes that stop eating behavior
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: factual REF: Biological Rhythms
MSC: New
63. Jet lag is especially likely if travelling:

a. west
b. east
c. north
d. south
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: factual REF: Biological Rhythms
MSC: New
64. A person is travelling from west to east. The person is:

a. less likely to suffer jet lag
b. more likely to suffer jet lag
c. less likely to suffer the zeitgeber effect
d. more likely to suffer the zeitgeber effect
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: applied REF: Biological Rhythms
MSC: New
65. A person is travelling from east to west. The person is:

a. less likely to suffer jet lag
b. more likely to suffer jet lag
c. less likely to suffer the zeitgeber effect
d. more likely to suffer the zeitgeber effect
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: applied REF: Biological Rhythms
MSC: New
303
66. Team “East” is flying from the east coast to the west coast to play, while Team “West” is flying
from the west coast to the east coast to play. You would expect:
a. Team West will suffer more from jet lag than Team East
b. Team East will suffer more from jet lag than Team West
c. both teams will suffer from jet lag to an equal extent
d. neither team will suffer from jet lag
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: conceptual REF: Biological Rhythms
MSC: New
67. An EEG monitors:

a. periods of sleep apnea
b. electrical activity in the brain
c. neurotransmitter levels
d. consumption of radioactive isotopes in the brain
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: factual REF: The Characteristics of
Sleep MSC: New
68. Sleep research is performed by monitoring electrical activity in the brain using a device called
a(n):
a. MRI
b. EEG
c. PET
d. CAT
Sleep MSC: New
69. The height of an EEG waveform indicates its:

a. frequency
b. regularity
c. width
d. amplitude
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: factual REF: The Characteristics of
Sleep MSC: New
70. The number of cycles per second of an EEG waveform indicates its:
a. frequency
b. regularity
c. width
d. amplitude
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: factual REF: The Characteristics of
Sleep MSC: New
304
71. The smoothness of the pattern of an EEG waveform indicates its:
a. frequency
b. regularity
c. width
d. amplitude
Sleep MSC: New
72. Regular high-amplitude waves of low frequency represent:

a. zeitgeber arrhythmia
b. zeitgeber rhythm
c. neural asynchrony
d. neural synchrony
Sleep MSC: New
73. The EEG pattern of a person who is awake shows:

a. no evidence of zeitgeber rhythm
b. evidence of zeitgeber rhythm
c. no evidence of neural synchrony
d. evidence of neural synchrony
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: factual REF: The Characteristics of
Sleep MSC: New
74. Luke’s EEG pattern shows no signs of neural synchrony. This means Luke is:
a. relaxed and drowsy
b. awake and alert
c. in the first stage of sleep
d. in a deep sleep but not dreaming
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: applied REF: The Characteristics of
Sleep MSC: New
75. Marie is drowsy and her eyes are closed. She has not yet begun Stage N1 sleep, but she is
extremely relaxed. If Marie were connected to an EEG, the recording would most likely show the
presence of:
a. theta waves
b. delta waves
c. gamma waves
d. alpha waves
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: applied REF: The Characteristics of
Sleep
305
76. Milton is hooked up to an EEG in a sleep lab. As the researcher watches the EEG recording, alpha
waves appear. Based on this information, the researcher can conclude that Milton:
a. has just entered Stage N1 sleep
b. has just entered Stage N3 sleep
c. is experiencing REM sleep
d. is awake, but relaxed and drowsy
Sleep
77. The low-amplitude, irregular waves that are associated with Stage N1 sleep are called:
a. alpha waves
b. delta waves
c. theta waves
d. gamma waves
Sleep
78. Theta waves are:

a. the low-amplitude, irregular waves that occur during Stage N1 sleep
b. the high-amplitude, slow waves that occur in a relaxed, drowsy state
c. the occasional sudden, sharp wave forms that occur during Stage N2 sleep
d. the high-amplitude, low-frequency waves that are associated with Stage N3 sleep
Sleep
79. Theta waves typically occur during which stage of sleep?

a. Stage N1
b. Stage N2
c. Stage N3
d. REM
Sleep
80. Theo is hooked up to an EEG in a sleep lab. As the researcher watches the EEG recording, theta
waves appear. Based on this information, the researcher can conclude that Theo:
a. is awake, but relaxed and drowsy
c. is experiencing REM sleep
d. has just entered Stage N1 sleep
Sleep
306
81. Connie has just fallen asleep and is still in Stage N1 sleep. If Connie were connected to an EEG,
the recording would show the presence of:
a. alpha waves
b. theta waves
c. delta waves
d. gamma waves
Sleep
82. An EEG is recording Debra’s brain activity while she sleeps. She has just entered Stage N1 sleep
when there is a sudden, loud crash from the hallway. It is likely that:
a. Debra will incorporate the noise from the crash into the dream she is currently
experiencing
b. there will be a K-complex pattern in the EEG pattern at the time of the crash
c. Debra will wake up and report she was not really asleep yet
d. the EEG will show a temporary flat-line before returning to theta waves
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: conceptual REF: The Characteristics of
Sleep
83. The sporadic short bursts of neural activity that are associated with Stage N2 sleep are called:
a. alpha waves
b. sleep spindles
c. delta waves
d. gamma waves
Sleep
84. Sleep spindles typically occur during which stage of sleep?

a. Stage N1
b. Stage N2
c. Stage N3
d. REM
Sleep
85. Sleep spindles are:

a. the high-amplitude, slow waves that occur in a relaxed, drowsy state
b. the low-amplitude, irregular waves that occur during Stage N1 sleep
c. the high-amplitude, low-frequency waves that are associated with Stage N3 sleep
d. the sporadic short bursts of neural activity that occur during Stage N2 sleep
Sleep
307
86. The occasional sudden, sharp waveforms that are associated with Stage N2 sleep are called:
a. alpha waves
b. delta waves
c. K-complexes
d. gamma waves
Sleep
87. K-complexes are:

b. the occasional sudden, sharp wave forms that occur during Stage N2 sleep
c. the low-amplitude, irregular waves that occur during Stage N1 sleep
d. the high-amplitude, low-frequency waves that are associated with Stage N3 sleep
Sleep
88. K-complexes typically occur during which stage of sleep?

a. Stage N1
b. Stage N2
c. Stage N3
d. REM
Sleep
89. Bernie is hooked up to an EEG in a sleep lab. As the researcher watches the EEG recording, sleep
spindles begin to appear. Based on this information, the researcher can conclude that Bernie:
c. has just entered Stage N3 sleep
d. is experiencing REM sleep
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: applied REF: The Characteristics of
Sleep
90. Annette has passed into Stage N2 sleep. If Annette were connected to an EEG, the recording
would show the presence of:
a. alpha waves
b. sleep spindles and K-complexes
c. delta waves
d. gamma waves
Sleep
308
91. An EEG is recording Duane’s brain activity while he sleeps. He has just entered Stage N2 sleep
when there is a sudden crash from the hallway. It is likely that:
a. Duane will wake up and report he was not really asleep yet
b. Duane will incorporate the noise from the crash into the dream he is currently
experiencing
c. the EEG will return to a period of alpha wave activity
d. there will be a K-complex pattern in the EEG pattern at the time of the crash
Sleep
92. The sleep spindles and K-complexes present in Lee’s EEG a few minutes ago have been replaced
by an increasing amount of delta activity. Lee has shifted from:
a. REM sleep to Stage N2 sleep
b. Stage N2 sleep to Stage N3 sleep
c. non-REM sleep to REM sleep
d. deep sleep to a near-waking state
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: conceptual REF: The Characteristics of
Sleep
93. Delta waves are:

b. the low-amplitude, irregular waves that occur during Stage N1 sleep
c. the high-amplitude, low-frequency waves that are associated with Stage N3 sleep
d. the occasional sudden, sharp wave forms that occur during Stage N2 sleep
Sleep
94. Jerome is hooked up to an EEG in a sleep lab. As the researcher watches the EEG recording, delta
waves appear. Based on this information, the researcher can conclude that Jerome:
a. is awake, but relaxed and drowsy
c. has just entered Stage N3 sleep
d. is experiencing REM sleep
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: applied REF: The Characteristics of
Sleep
95. Dwayne has passed into Stage N3 sleep. If Dwayne were connected to an EEG, the recording
would show the presence of:
a. alpha waves
c. delta waves
d. gamma waves
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: applied REF: The Characteristics of
Sleep
309
96. Slow-wave sleep is also known as:
a. alpha activity
b. delta activity
c. REM
d. theta activity
Sleep
97. Julia is in Stage N3 sleep, and her roommate suddenly shakes her awake to see the meteor shower
going on outside the dorm. Since she is in Stage N3 sleep, you would expect Julia to be:
a. confused and disoriented
b. awake and alert right away
c. drowsy, but say she wasn’t asleep
d. alert, but be unable to move for a few minutes
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: conceptual REF: The Characteristics of
Sleep MSC: New
98. Jake’s brain is producing delta waves, and his roommate suddenly shakes him awake to see the
meteor shower going on outside the dorm. Since his brain is producing delta activity, you would
expect Jake to be:
a. act confused and disoriented
b. awake and alert right away
c. drowsy, but say she wasn’t asleep
d. alert, but be unable to move for a few minutes
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: conceptual REF: The Characteristics of
Sleep MSC: New
99. Cliff is hooked up to an EEG in a sleep lab. He has been asleep for just over an hour when his
EEG starts to show low amplitude, irregular wave patterns. Cliff’s hands and feet begin to twitch,
and his eyes begin to dart back and forth under his eyelids. The researcher who is monitoring
Cliff’s sleep can conclude that Cliff:
b. has just entered REM sleep
c. is experiencing a severe case of sleep apnea and needs medical attention
d. suffers from narcolepsy
Sleep
100. Lorraine has passed into REM sleep. If Lorraine were connected to an EEG, the recording would
show the presence of:
a. low amplitude, irregular brain wave patterns
c. delta waves
d. gamma waves
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: applied REF: The Characteristics of
Sleep
310
101. The brain wave patterns that appear during REM sleep are most like those that are present in
individuals who are:
a. relaxed and drowsy
b. experiencing Stage N2 sleep spindles
c. in Stage N3 of the sleep cycle
d. awake and alert
Sleep
102. REM stands for:

a. Round Eye Movement
b. Rough Electrical Map
c. Rise Early More
d. Rapid Eye Movement
Sleep
103. REM sleep is called paradoxical sleep because:

a. heart rate increases and becomes very rapid, but the pulse rate slows
b. individuals are deeply asleep, but they can be easily awakened
c. individuals are deeply asleep, but EEG recordings resemble waking patterns
d. the autonomic nervous system is highly active, but brain wave patterns are slow and
regular
Sleep
104. Paradoxical sleep is another term for

a. Stage N2 sleep
b. Stage N3 sleep
c. Stage N1 sleep
d. REM
Sleep
105. Dreaming seems to occur:

a. during any stage of sleep
b. only during REM sleep
c. only during Stage N2 and N3 sleep
d. only during Stage N1 sleep
Sleep MSC: New
311
106. With regard to dreaming, it is safest to conclude it:
a. is highly correlated with REM sleep
b. does not really occur during REM sleep
c. never occurs outside REM sleep
d. occurs more frequently in Stage N1 sleep
Sleep MSC: New
107. Over the course of an average night, most adults will cycle through the various stages of sleep:
a. only once
b. 10 to 12 times
c. 4 to 5 times
d. more than 50 times
Sleep
108. An average sleep cycle (from Stage N1 through REM):

a. lasts about 90 minutes
b. takes approximately 10 to 15 minutes
c. can last anywhere from a few minutes to several hours
d. takes nearly 7 to 8 hours
Sleep
109. During the first cycle of sleep:

a. REM sleep dominates
b. people skip Stage N2
c. people are most likely to experience hypersomnia
d. the majority of our time is spent in slow wave sleep (Stages 3 and 4)
Sleep
110. As the night progresses:

a. slow wave sleep (Stage N3) tends to dominate the sleep cycle
b. people start to skip Stage N2 in the sleep cycle
c. REM sleep tends to dominate the sleep cycle
d. sleep cycles become shorter and shorter
Sleep
312
111. As the night progresses:
a. the interval between successive REM states becomes longer
b. the interval between successive REM states becomes shorter
c. the interval between successive REM states stays the same
d. REM sleep eventually disappears from the sleep cycle
Sleep
112. One piece of evidence that suggests the survival value or adaptation theory of sleep may partially
explain why we sleep is the finding that:
a. people show the same pattern of sleep after inactive days and active days
b. people show more REM-sleep after an inactive day than after an active day
c. large, grazing animals that can’t easily hide sleep only a few hours a day
d. people show less sleep disturbance in normal daylight cycles than in conditions of
constant light
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: conceptual REF: The Function of Sleep
113. Evidence that sleep functions to repair and restore the brain and body comes from the research find
that metabolic activity in the brain is dramatically low during:
a. slow-wave sleep
b. fast-wave sleep
c. the appearance of sleep spindles
d. the appearance of K complexes
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: conceptual REF: The Function of Sleep
MSC: New
114. Low metabolic activity during slow-wave sleep is evidence for the idea that:
a. sleep functions to repair and restore the brain and body
b. sleep has survival value
c. dreaming is a function of random brain activity
d. the purpose of dreaming is wish fulfillment
MSC: New
that there is an increase in the release of growth hormone during:
a. the appearance of K complexes
b. fast-wave sleep
d. slow-wave sleep
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: conceptual REF: The Function of Sleep
MSC: New
313
116. The release of growth hormone during slow-wave sleep is evidence for the idea that:
a. the purpose of dreaming is wish fulfillment
b. sleep has survival value
d. sleep functions to repair and restore the brain and body
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: conceptual REF: The Function of Sleep
MSC: New
117. Vigorous physical activity, especially late in the day, causes an increase in:
a. fast-wave sleep
b. slow-wave sleep
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: factual REF: The Function of Sleep
MSC: New
that vigorous activity, especially late in the day, causes an increase in:
a. fast-wave sleep
b. slow-wave sleep
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: conceptual REF: The Function of Sleep
MSC: New
119. An increase in slow-wave sleep following vigorous exercise is evidence for the idea that:
a. sleep has survival value
b. sleep functions to repair and restore the brain and body
d. the purpose of dreaming is wish fulfillment
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: conceptual REF: The Function of Sleep
MSC: New
120. Neural “pruning and sculpting” seems to be promoted by:

a. the appearance of sleep spindles
b. REM sleep
c. slow-wave sleep
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: factual REF: The Function of Sleep
MSC: New
314
121. The fact that grazing animals such as horses and cattle, which are vulnerable to surprise attack by
predators, sleep only a few hours a day is evidence for the idea that sleep:
a. has survival value
b. functions to repair and restore the brain and body
c. is maladaptive
d. need not involve dreaming
MSC: New
122. The research finding that body weight and susceptibility for attack could explain the majority of
sleeping patterns among different species is evidence for the idea that sleep:
a. has survival value
c. is maladaptive
MSC: New
123. The notion that sleep has survival value says sleep:
a. is an adaptive reaction to light-dark cycles
c. serves to consolidate memories
MSC: New
124. In humans, prolonged sleep deprivation:

a. has few, if any, negative effects
b. results in permanent brain damage
c. typically results in significant weight loss and immune system failure
d. produces symptoms such as slurred speech and sharp declines in mental ability
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: factual REF: The Function of Sleep
125. A number of researchers (such as Coren, 1996) have studied the effects of extended sleep
deprivation in rats and dogs. The results show that prolonged sleep deprivation:
a. typically results in a significant weight gain, even though the animals eat less
b. can be fatal
c. increases immune system function and reduces the incidence of viral infections
d. has few, if any, negative effects
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: factual REF: The Function of Sleep
126. When patients with severe depression are deprived of REM sleep:
a. the depression is often lessened
b. their depression generally becomes much worse
c. they develop parasomnias linked to the depression
d. they become more prone to disturbances such as sleep apnea
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: factual REF: The Function of Sleep
315
127. When individuals are selectively deprived of REM sleep for prolonged periods of time:
a. they begin to experience hallucinations and show slurring of their speech
b. they start to lose weight and their immune system becomes less efficient
c. they show irritability, and their performance on tasks requiring logical reasoning and
problem solving often declines
d. they often develop symptoms of severe depression
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: factual REF: The Function of REM
and Dreaming
128. REM-rebound refers to:

a. an increase in blood pressure that occurs after Stage N3 sleep
b. an increase in dopamine levels that occurs after Stage N2 sleep
c. an abnormal sleep pattern that is common in individuals with hypersomnia
d. an increase in the total proportion of REM sleep after periods of sleep deprivation
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: factual REF: The Function of REM
and Dreaming
129. Wilson took part in a research study in which, for three nights, he was awakened each time he
entered REM-sleep. Now that Wilson is back at home, it is likely that he will:
a. show signs of insomnia and general sleep disturbance
b. spend less time in REM sleep than he did before the study
c. experience night terrors
d. experience REM-rebound
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: applied REF: The Function of REM
and Dreaming
130. The Freudian theory of dreaming suggests that dreams are:

a. a byproduct as the brain attempts to interpret the spontaneous neural activity that occurs
during REM-sleep
b. a way of solving problems and consolidating memories
c. a way to gratify unconscious wishes and desires
d. a recap and review of recent events
and Dreaming
131. Which theorist proposed the notion that dreams are a way to gratify unconscious wishes and
desires?
a. Freud
b. Hobson
c. Skinner
d. Wundt
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: factual REF: The Function of REM
and Dreaming MSC: New
316
132. A book collector has just purchased a first edition of a book proposing that the purpose of
dreaming is “wish fulfillment,” and how to interpret the true meanings of dreams. The book is
probably by:
a. Freud
b. Hobson
c. Skinner
d. Wundt
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: conceptual REF: The Function of REM
133. A book collector has just purchased a book by Freud about dreams. A likely topic of the book is:
a. the activation-synthesis hypothesis
b. how dreams gratify unconscious wishes and desires
c. how dreams consolidate memories
d. the parasomnia theory
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: conceptual REF: The Function of REM
134. According to Freud, the manifest content of a dream:

a. consists of the actual symbols and images that appear in the dream
b. consists of the hidden or unconscious desires that cannot be expressed directly
c. is a byproduct of the brain’s trying to interpret random neural activity in the hindbrain
d. is based on problems that were unresolved during the previous 24 hours
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: factual REF: The Function of REM
and Dreaming
135. According to Freud, the latent content of a dream:

a. consists of the actual symbols and images that appear in the dream
b. is a byproduct of the brain’s trying to interpret random neural activity in the hindbrain
c. consists of the hidden or unconscious desires that cannot be expressed directly
d. is based on problems that were unresolved during the previous 24 hours
and Dreaming
136. Freud searched for the symbolic meaning of dreams. He described this symbolic aspect as the:
a. activation-synthesis hypothesis
b. dissociation hypothesis
c. dream’s manifest content
d. dream’s latent content
and Dreaming
317
137. Andy had a dream in which a blue dog held him up with a gun. Andy tells you that he thinks the
dream represents an unconscious desire to cancel his upcoming wedding plans. According to
Freud, the blue dog with the gun in Andy’s dream would represent:
a. the latent content of the dream
b. an interpretation of random neural activity in the hindbrain
c. the manifest content of the dream
d. a psychic premonition of future events
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: applied REF: The Function of REM
and Dreaming
138. Mavis had a dream in which a penguin kidnapped her, took her to Italy, and made her eat pistachio
ice cream. Mavis tells you that she thinks the dream represents an unconscious desire to cancel her
upcoming wedding plans. According to Freud, Mavis’ unconscious desire to cancel her upcoming
wedding plans would represent:
a. the manifest content of the dream
c. a psychic premonition of future events
d. the latent content of the dream
and Dreaming
139. Kevin had a dream in which his boss appeared at his front door, wearing polka-dot pajamas, and
asked to borrow a xylophone. Kevin is convinced the dream represents an unconscious desire to
quit his current job. According to Freud, Kevin’s unconscious desire to quit his current job would
represent:
d. the latent content of the dream
and Dreaming
140. Andrea had a dream in which she was riding a unicycle toward mountains that reached all the way
to the sky and disappeared into clouds shaped like toadstools. Andrea is convinced the dream
represents an unconscious desire to quit her current job. According to Freud, the unicycle and
toadstool-shaped clouds would represent:
a. the manifest content of Andrea’s dream
d. the latent content of Andrea’s dream
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: applied REF: The Function of REM
and Dreaming
318
141. The activation-synthesis hypothesis suggests that dreams are:
a. a way to gratify unconscious wishes and desires
b. a way of solving problems and consolidating memories
c. a recap and review of recent events
d. a byproduct as the brain attempts to interpret the spontaneous neural activity that occurs
during REM-sleep
and Dreaming
142. The core idea in the activation-synthesis hypothesis is that dreams represent:
a. the interpretation of random brain activity
b. the splitting of consciousness into aware and unaware components
c. the adaptive value of restricting movements during dangerous periods
d. brain or other physiological systems need time for repair or restoration
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: factual REF: The Function of
REM and Dreaming
143. The view that suggests dreams are produced as the brain attempts to interpret the spontaneous
neural activity that occurs during REM-sleep desires is:
a. Freud’s wish fulfillment theory
b. activation-synthesis hypothesis
c. memory consolidation view
d. parasomnia theory
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: factual REF: The Function of
REM and Dreaming
144. You dreamed about riding a train into a tunnel. According to the activation-synthesis view, your
dream is:
a. really about your need to fulfill an unacceptable sexual desire
b. an attempt by your mind to solve a problem that arose during the past few days
c. an indication of a serious psychological disorder that should be treated
d. your brain’s interpretation of the random neural activity generated during sleep
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: conceptual REF: The Function of REM
and Dreaming
145. Jillian had a dream in which she fell from an airplane and landed on a cloud that turned into a
sandy beach by an orange lake. According to the activation-synthesis hypothesis of dreaming, the
sudden, bizarre changes in settings that took place in Jillian’s dream represent:
c. the latent content of the dream
d. a psychic premonition of future events
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: applied REF: The Function of REM
and Dreaming
319
146. The activation-synthesis hypothesis would explain the bizarre nature of dreams by explaining it is
due to:
a. unconscious attempts to fulfill latent wishes
b. psychic premonitions of future events
c. signals in the brain that are random in nature
d. the splitting of consciousness into aware and unaware components
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: conceptual REF: The Function of REM
147. The idea that dreams are bizarre in nature because they are produced by signals in the brain that
are random in nature is most closely related to the:
a. Freudian theory of wish fulfillment
b. activation-synthesis hypothesis
c. memory consolidation view
d. parasomnia theory
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: conceptual REF: The Function of REM
148. Evidence that dreaming helps people focus on their current problems to find solutions is:
a. anecdotal and not very strong
b. found in correlational research, and is strong
c. based on survey research, but is still strong
d. supported by experimental research and very strong
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: conceptual REF: The Function of REM
149. Problems connected with the amount, timing, and quality of sleep are called:
a. dyssomnias
b. insomnias
c. narcolepsias
d. parasomnias
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: factual REF: Disorders of Sleep
MSC: New
150. Abnormal disturbances that occur during sleep are called:

a. dyssomnias
b. insomnias
c. narcolepsias
d. parasomnias
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: factual REF: Disorders of Sleep
MSC: New
320
151. Insomnia is a sleep disorder in which a person:
a. is excessively sleepy and often catnaps during the day
b. has difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep
c. repeatedly stops breathing during sleep
d. wanders about while still sleeping
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: factual REF: Disorders of Sleep
152. The sleep disorder in which a person has difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep is:
a. hypersomnia
b. sleep apnea
c. parasomnia
d. insomnia
153. For the past three months, Hilda has had difficulty falling asleep at night. She often tosses and
turns for several hours before she finally falls asleep. It is likely that Hilda is suffering from:
a. hypersomnia
b. insomnia
c. sleep apnea
d. night terrors
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: applied REF: Disorders of Sleep
154. For several months now, Warren has gone to bed at his usual time, but has awakened at 2 a.m. He
finds that no matter what he does, he can’t go back to sleep after he wakes up at this early hour. It
is likely that Warren is suffering from:
a. hypersomnia
b. sleep apnea
c. insomnia
d. parasomnia
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: applied REF: Disorders of Sleep
155. Hypersomnia is a sleep disorder in which a person:

a. has difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep
b. is excessively sleepy and often catnaps during the day
156. The sleep disorder in which a person is excessively sleepy and often catnaps during the day is:
a. hypersomnia
b. insomnia
c. sleep apnea
d. parasomnia
321
157. Tom finds that he feels tired all the time. At meetings, he is constantly nodding off to sleep, and
once or twice he has caught himself dozing at the wheel of his car on the drive home. It is likely
that Tom is suffering from:
a. insomnia
b. sleep apnea
c. night terrors
d. hypersomnia
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: applied REF: Disorders of Sleep
158. Su Chuen has sudden periods of extreme sleepiness when she will collapse and enter REM. This
describes:
a. sleep apnea
b. insomnia
c. narcolepsy
d. hypermnesia
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: applied REF: Disorders of Sleep
159. Which of the following is NOT one of the dyssomnias?

a. night terrors
b. insomnia
c. narcolepsy
d. hypersomnia
160. The disorder in which a person has sudden periods of extreme sleepiness in which he or she will
collapse and enter REM is called:
a. sleep apnea
b. insomnia
c. narcolepsy
d. hypermnesia
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: factual REF: Disorders of Sleep
161. Narcolepsy refers to a sleep disorder in which a person:

b. collapses into sleep and enters REM
162. Sleep apnea is a sleep disorder in which a person:

322
163. Sleepwalking is a sleep disorder in which a person:
164. The sleep disorder in which a person repeatedly stops breathing during the night, for up to a
minute at a time, is:
a. insomnia
b. hypersomnia
c. parasomnia
d. sleep apnea
165. Dick’s wife has started to complain that he is keeping her awake at night. She says that he seems
to stop breathing in his sleep and then suddenly jerks awake, gasping for breath. This not only
disturbs his sleep but also wakes her up. It is likely that Dick suffers from:
a. insomnia
b. sleep apnea
c. hypersomnia
d. night terrors
166. Nightmares are:

a. terrifying experiences that cause panic and sudden awakening from non-REM sleep
b. the same as night terrors, but they occur in the elderly
c. sleep disturbances that cause breathing to stop momentarily several times during the night
d. frightening and anxiety-arousing dreams that occur primarily during the REM stage of
sleep
167. Frightening and anxiety-arousing dreams that occur primarily during the REM stage of sleep are
called:
a. night terrors
b. nightmares
c. hypersomnia
d. somnambulism
168. Night terrors are:

a. frightening and anxiety-arousing dreams that occur primarily during the REM stage of
sleep
b. terrifying experiences that cause panic and sudden awakening from non-REM sleep
c. the same as nightmares, but they occur in the elderly
d. sleep disturbances that cause breathing to stop momentarily several times during the night
323
169. Which of the following is NOT one of the parasomnias?
a. nightmares
b. narcolepsy
c. sleepwalking
d. night terrors
170. Terrifying experiences that cause panic and sudden awakening from non-REM sleep are:
a. nightmares
b. hypersomnia
c. night terrors
d. somnambulism
171. Five-year-old Tommy awoke suddenly in the middle of the night in an extreme state of panic. He
was screaming in his bed but did not respond when his parents asked him what was wrong. It is
very likely that Tommy experienced:
a. a night terror
b. a nightmare
c. an episode of sleep apnea
d. hypersomnia
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: applied REF: Disorders of Sleep
172. Seven-year-old Florence awoke crying in the middle of the night. Between sobs she told her
parents that she dreamt six big dogs kept chasing her and chasing her, but she couldn’t get away
from them. She is afraid to go back to sleep because she thinks the dogs will come back. It is very
likely that Florence just experienced:
a. a night terror
b. a nightmare
c. an episode of sleep apnea
d. hypersomnia
173. Both night terrors and sleepwalking occur:

a. only during REM sleep
b. only during periods of activation-synthesis
c. during periods of non-REM sleep
d. during periods when activation-synthesis is not occurring
MSC: New
324
174. Research showing both night terrors and sleepwalking occur during non-REM sleep suggests:
a. they may both be related to dreaming
b. both may be related to activation-synthesis
c. neither may be related entirely to dreaming
d. neither may be related to activation-synthesis
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: conceptual REF: Disorders of Sleep
MSC: New
175. Psychoactive drugs:

a. affect both behavior and mental processes by altering unconscious awareness
b. affect behavior but have no impact on mental processes
c. affect mental processes but have no impact on behavior
d. affect both behavior and mental processes by altering conscious awareness
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: factual REF: Altering Awareness
176. Drugs that affect both behavior and mental processes by altering conscious awareness are called:
a. pharmacological drugs
b. tropic drugs
c. clinical drugs
d. psychoactive drugs
MSC: New
177. When a drug tolerance develops, an individual:

a. requires smaller amounts of the drug to produce the same physical and behavioral effects
b. will show an allergic reaction each time the drug is administered
c. will experience sweating and changes in heart rate when the drug is no longer available
d. requires increased amounts of the drug to produce the same physical and behavioral
effects
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: factual REF: Drug Actions and
Effects
178. When one requires increased amounts of the drug to produce the same physical and behavioral
effects, then one is experiencing:
a. an overdose
b. withdrawal
c. saturation
d. tolerance
Effects
325
179. Miranda used to take one aspirin to relieve her headaches. Now she finds that a single tablet is
seldom adequate and she usually needs to take two tablets before her headache disappears. This
would suggest that Miranda:
a. has developed a drug dependency on aspirin
b. is experiencing the effects of drug withdrawal
c. has developed a drug tolerance for aspirin
d. will probably develop an allergic reaction to aspirin
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: applied REF: Drug Actions and
Effects
180. Ralph used to get quite a “buzz” from a single cup of coffee. Now he finds that he can drink up to
four cups without even noticing the effects of the caffeine. This would suggest that Ralph:
a. has developed a drug dependency on caffeine
b. has developed a drug tolerance for caffeine
c. is experiencing the effects of drug withdrawal
d. will probably develop an allergic reaction to caffeine
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: applied REF: Drug Actions and
Effects
181. Tito gets only a moderate effect from an amount of heroin that might kill a first-time user. This
illustrates:
a. dependency
b. REM rebound
c. withdrawal
d. tolerance
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: applied REF: Drug Actions and
Effects
182. A physical or psychological need for the continued use of a specific drug is called:
a. drug tolerance
b. drug withdrawal
c. drug dependency
d. drug habituation
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: factual REF: Drug Actions and
Effects
183. When one has a drug dependency, one has:

a. a tendency to respond to the drug more intensely than those who do not have a drug
dependency
b. a physical or psychological need for the continued use of a specific drug
c. a reasonable chance of stopping use of the drug without any negative physical reactions
d. an ability to take less of the drug and experience the same effect as when more of the drug
is taken
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: factual REF: Drug Actions and
Effects
326
184. In general, heroin has:
a. a moderate risk for physical dependence but a low risk for psychological dependence
b. a low risk for physical dependence but a high risk for psychological dependence
c. a low risk for both physical and psychological dependence
d. a high risk for both physical and psychological dependence
185. Solomon used to experience occasional bouts of insomnia. Recently he started taking sleeping pills
to help him overcome the insomnia. Now he finds that he cannot get to sleep unless he takes a
sleeping pill. This would suggest that Solomon:
a. has developed a drug tolerance for his sleeping pills
b. is experiencing the effects of drug withdrawal
c. has developed a drug dependency on his sleeping pills
d. has become habituated to sleeping pills
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: applied REF: Drug Actions and
Effects
186. For the past six months, Nicole has been taking a mild amphetamine to help her stay awake during
double shifts at work. She has now stopped working the extras shifts, but she finds that if she
doesn’t continue to take the amphetamine she starts sweating and she develops bad tremors. This
would suggest that Nicole:
a. has developed a drug dependency on amphetamines
b. has developed a drug tolerance for amphetamines
c. is experiencing the effects of drug intolerance
d. has become habituated to amphetamines
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: applied REF: Drug Actions and
Effects
187. Physical reactions, such as sweating, vomiting, changes in heart rate, or tremors, that occur when a
person stops taking certain drugs after continued use are called drug:
a. tolerance
b. habituation
c. dependency
d. withdrawal
Effects MSC: New
188. Phillip’s doctor prescribed a strong opiate to dull the severe back pain Phillip suffered after an
accident. When he stopped taking the drug, Phillip suffered from nausea and chills. These were
symptoms of:
a. tolerance
b. habituation
c. dishabituation
d. withdrawal
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: applied REF: Drug Actions and
Effects MSC: New
327
189. The part of the brain typically damaged after one uses the drug Ecstasy (also called MDMA) is
involved in the production of which of the following?
a. dopamine
b. serotonin
c. GABA
d. acetylcholine
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: factual REF: Categories of
Psychoactive Drugs
190. Amphetamines produce their effects by:

a. decreasing the effectiveness of norepinephrine and dopamine
b. increasing levels of serotonin
c. decreasing levels of acetylcholine
d. increasing the effectiveness of norepinephrine and dopamine
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: factual REF: Categories of
Psychoactive Drugs
191. Cocaine produces its effects by:

a. increasing the effectiveness of norepinephrine and dopamine
b. decreasing the effectiveness of norepinephrine and dopamine
c. increasing levels of serotonin
d. decreasing levels of acetylcholine
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: factual REF: Categories of
Psychoactive Drugs
192. Which of the following is an opiate?

a. cocaine
b. psilocybin
c. morphine
d. fluoxin
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: factual REF: Drug Actions and
Effects MSC: New
193. A rat will press a response bar hundreds of times if bar pressing results in the administration of
cocaine. Apparently, the pleasurable and reinforcing aspects of the drug are due to cocaine’s effect
on:
a. dopamine
b. endorphins
c. serotonin
d. GABA
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: conceptual REF: Categories of
Psychoactive Drugs
328
194. Some psychoactive drugs help in the reduction of pain by inhibiting the release of substance P.
These drugs:
a. bind to GABA receptor sites
b. bind to opiate receptor sites
c. block norepinephrine receptor sites
d. block dopamine receptor sites
Psychoactive Drugs
195. LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) produces its effects by:

a. increasing levels of dopamine in the central nervous system
b. mimicking the action of serotonin
c. decreasing levels of acetylcholine in the peripheral nervous system
d. increasing endorphin levels in the endocrine system
Psychoactive Drugs
196. Depressants are drugs that:

a. slow the ongoing activity of the central nervous system
b. increase central nervous system activity and enhance neural transmission
c. produce fractured perceptions
d. bind to endorphin receptors and alleviate pain
Psychoactive Drugs
197. Drugs that slow the ongoing activity of the central nervous system are called:
a. stimulants
b. depressants
c. hallucinogens
d. peptides
Psychoactive Drugs
198. Alcohol, barbiturates, and tranquilizers are all examples of:

a. stimulants
b. narcotics
c. depressants
d. hallucinogens
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: factual REF: Categories of
Psychoactive Drugs
329
199. The prescription drug Valium is an example of a:
a. stimulant
b. narcotic
c. depressant
d. hallucinogen
Psychoactive Drugs
200. The prescription drug Xanax is an example of a:

a. stimulant
b. narcotic
c. depressant
d. hallucinogen
Psychoactive Drugs
201. Which of the following is NOT a depressant?

a. Ritalin
b. Valium
c. alcohol
d. Xanax
Psychoactive Drugs
202. Which of the following is NOT a depressant?

a. alcohol
b. barbiturates
c. amphetamine
d. tranquilizer
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: conceptual REF: Categories of
Psychoactive Drugs
203. Becky has had insomnia for six months, and when she sees her family physician she asks if
something can be prescribed to help her fall asleep. If the doctor does prescribe something for
Becky’s insomnia, it would most likely be:
a. a tranquilizer
b. an amphetamine
c. an opiate
d. a hallucinogen
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: conceptual REF: Categories of
Psychoactive Drugs
330
204. Stimulants are drugs that:
a. increase central nervous system activity and enhance neural transmission
b. slow the ongoing activity of the central nervous system
Psychoactive Drugs
205. Drugs that increase central nervous system activity and enhance neural transmission are called:
a. depressants
b. hallucinogens
c. stimulants
d. opiates
Psychoactive Drugs
206. Caffeine and nicotine are both examples of:

a. narcotics
b. depressants
c. hallucinogens
d. none of these choices
Psychoactive Drugs
207. The drug Ecstasy (also called MDMA) is classified as which of the following?
a. a stimulant
b. a depressant
c. a hallucinogen
d. an opiate
Psychoactive Drugs
208. Amphetamines are examples of:

a. a narcotic
b. a stimulant
c. a depressant
d. a hallucinogen
Psychoactive Drugs
209. Cocaine is an example of:

a. a stimulant
b. a depressant
c. a barbiturate
d. a hallucinogen
Psychoactive Drugs
331
210. In large doses, stimulants can produce which of the following?
a. extreme anxiety
b. convulsions
c. death
Psychoactive Drugs
211. Caffeine is classified as which of the following

a. narcotic
b. stimulant
c. depressant
d. hallucinogen
Psychoactive Drugs
212. Nicotine is classified as which of the following?

a. narcotic
b. stimulant
c. depressant
d. hallucinogen
Psychoactive Drugs
213. Which of the following is a dangerous side effect resulting from the regular use of cocaine?
a. episodes of paranoia
b. hallucinations
c. delusions
Psychoactive Drugs
214. Barbiturates are widely prescribed for the treatment of which of the following?
a. drug addiction
b. insomnia
c. hypersomnia
d. narcolepsy
Psychoactive Drugs
215. Which of the following drugs influences serotonin levels?

a. Prozac
b. LSD
c. Ecstasy
d. All of these choices
Psychoactive Drugs
332
216. Raphael has suffered from hypersomnia for six months. It is affecting his work, and his boss has
threatened to fire him if Raphael’s job performance doesn’t improve. Raphael sees his family
physician and asks if something can be prescribed to alleviate his problem. If the doctor does
prescribe something for Raphael, it would most likely be:
a. a tranquilizer
b. an amphetamine
c. an opiate
d. a hallucinogen
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: conceptual REF: Categories of
Psychoactive Drugs
217. Opiates are drugs that:

c. bind to endorphin receptors and alleviate pain
d. produce fractured perceptions
Psychoactive Drugs
218. Drugs that bind to endorphin receptors and alleviate pain are called:
a. opiates
b. depressants
c. stimulants
d. hallucinogens
Psychoactive Drugs
219. Heroin and morphine are both examples of:

a. opiates
b. stimulants
c. depressants
d. hallucinogens
Psychoactive Drugs
220. Karin broke her back when she slipped on some icy steps, and she was in a tremendous amount of
pain while she was in the hospital. To help her deal with the pain during her rehabilitation, her
doctor would most likely have prescribed:
a. tranquilizers
b. opiate drugs
c. amphetamines
d. hallucinogens
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: applied REF: Categories of
Psychoactive Drugs
333
221. Hallucinogens are drugs that:
Psychoactive Drugs
222. Drugs that produce fractured perceptions are called:

a. hallucinogens
b. depressants
c. stimulants
d. opiates
Psychoactive Drugs
223. Mescaline and psilocybin are both examples of:

a. synthetic hallucinogens
b. naturally occurring opioid peptides
c. naturally occurring hallucinogens
d. synthetic stimulants
Psychoactive Drugs
224. Which of the following is NOT a hallucinogen?

a. LSD
b. marijuana
c. alcohol
d. mescaline
Psychoactive Drugs
225. Mescaline is a drug that comes from:

a. a mushroom
b. a cactus
c. a poppy
Psychoactive Drugs
226. Synesthesia refers to:

a. a drug-induced memory loss
b. a blending of perceptions from different sensory receptors
c. drug-induced memory enhancement
d. the change in brain-wave activity that accompanies altered consciousness
Psychoactive Drugs
334
227. Psilocybin is a drug that comes from:
a. a mushroom
b. a cactus
c. a poppy
Psychoactive Drugs
228. Synesthesia is most often associated with the use of:

a. hallucinogens
b. depressants
c. stimulants
d. opiates
Psychoactive Drugs
229. Which of the following types of drugs is most likely to produce symptoms of synesthesia, the
blending of perceptions from different sensory receptors?
a. LSD
b. alcohol
c. amphetamine
d. cocaine
Psychoactive Drugs
230. Patricia and Michael were in a small plane that went down in a desert just north of Mexico. While
they waited for a rescue plan to find them, they cut into some cactus plants and ate them for both
food and fluids. Sometime later they both started to experience strange colors and sounds and they
seemed to lose touch with reality. It is likely that:
a. Patricia and Michael were showing signs of severe dehydration
b. the cactus they had eaten was poisonous
c. the cactus they had eaten contained naturally occurring hallucinogens
d. Patricia and Michael were in the final stages of severe heat stroke
Psychoactive Drugs
231. Which of the following is a dangerous side effect of the drug Ecstasy (also called MDMA)?
a. memory problems
b. brain damage
c. sleep disturbances
Psychoactive Drugs
335
a. memory problems
b. coma
c. respiratory distress
d. blindness
Psychoactive Drugs
a. brain damage
b. coma
c. respiratory distress
d. blindness
Psychoactive Drugs
234. Mr. Buzzeo has been using a psychoactive drug to treat his glaucoma. It is most likely that the
drug that Mr. Buzzeo has been using is:
a. morphine
b. Ecstasy (also called MDMA)
c. psilocybin
d. marijuana
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: applied REF: Psychological Factors
235. The actual psychological effects that each individual experiences when psychoactive drugs are
used:
a. depend almost entirely on the amount of the drug consumed
b. result from an interaction between the individual’s mental set and physical state
c. depend almost entirely on the individual’s familiarity with the drug
d. depend almost entirely on the individual’s physical state when the drug is taken
Psychoactive Drugs
236. The physician in the late 1700s who induced a hypnotic state in his patients to cure them of their
physical and psychological problems, but who later fell into disrepute, was:
a. Mesmer
b. Descartes
c. Locke
d. Broca
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: factual REF: Altering Awareness
MSC: New
336
237. Kay has just had a hypnotic state induced by a hypnotherapist. If an EEG recording were taken,
Kay’s brain wave pattern would look very similar to the pattern seen when a person is:
a. in Stage N2 sleep
b. in slow-wave (Stage N3 or 4) sleep
c. drowsy, but not yet asleep
d. in REM sleep
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: conceptual REF: The Phenomenon of
Hypnosis
238. Lloyd has just had a hypnotic state induced by a hypnotherapist. If an EEG recording were taken,
Lloyd’s brain wave pattern would show:
a. theta waves with K-complexes
b. alpha waves
c. delta waves
d. irregular, high-frequency brain waves
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: conceptual REF: The Phenomenon of
Hypnosis
239. Ben feels his eyelids start to sag and he feels very relaxed as he stares at a coin on the table. He is
willing to obey commands and might report reduced pain perception. Ben’s highly suggestible
state is due to:
a. hallucinogenic drugs
b. hypnosis
c. meditation
d. sleep deprivation
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: applied REF: The Phenomenon of
Hypnosis
240. Shandra’s new dentist plans to use hypnosis, instead of anesthesia, while he works on Shandra’s
teeth. Shandra asks you if she should go along with this, or if she should find another dentist.
Based on research into the effects of hypnosis, you should tell her:
a. hypnosis typically has no effect on the experience of pain
b. hypnosis is only effective as an anesthetic when it is used in conjunction with sedative
drugs
c. hypnosis can be an effective substitute for some anesthetic drugs
d. once she is no longer hypnotized, her sensitivity to pain will increase dramatically
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: applied REF: The Phenomenon of
Hypnosis
241. Jill doesn’t want to use drugs during childbirth. Another effective pain reduction technique she
could try would be:
a. meditation
b. hypnosis
c. REM deprivation therapy
d. alpha wave therapy
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: applied REF: The Phenomenon of
Hypnosis
337
242. In one research study, Hilgard asked hypnotized subjects to submerge one hand in a tub of ice-cold
water. Participants were told they would feel no pain, but they were also told that they could use
the nonsubmerged hand to signal any pain by pressing a telegraph key. The participants kept one
hand submerged in the water, as instructed, but with the other hand they pressed the key
frequently. Later they claimed to have no memory of pressing the key. Hilgard’s results support
the view that hypnosis involves:
a. creative role engagement
b. a trancelike state with increased delta wave activity
c. subliminal perception of environmental cues
d. divided conscious awareness
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: conceptual REF: Explaining Hypnosis
243. If people are told prior to hypnosis that hypnosis causes rigidity of the arms, they are likely to
show rigidity while hypnotized, even if rigidity is not part of any hypnotic suggestion. This
supports the view that hypnosis is:
a. a dissociation of consciousness
b. due to an increase in alpha wave activity
c. a kind of social role-playing
d. an acetylcholine (ACh) imbalance
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: conceptual REF: Explaining Hypnosis
244. While Keilly was hypnotized, he vividly recalled events from his first birthday party. However,
when the events that he described were compared with an actual video from his birthday party,
most of the things he described did not happen. Keilly’s inaccuracy in recall lends support to the
view that hypnosis:
a. causes people to act out a social role
b. is the same as REM-sleep
c. creates a dissociation in conscious awareness
d. is the same as slow-wave sleep
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: conceptual REF: Explaining Hypnosis
245. A technique for self-induced manipulation of awareness, often used for the purpose of relaxation
and self-reflection, is:
a. tolerance induction
b. habituation
c. hypnotic dissociation
d. meditation
ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: factual REF: Meditation
MSC: New
246. Tracey is deep in meditation. If an EEG recording were taken, Tracey’s brain wave pattern would
look very similar to the pattern seen when a person is:
a. in Stage N2 sleep
b. drowsy, but not yet asleep
c. in slow-wave (Stage N3 or 4) sleep
d. in REM sleep
ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: conceptual REF: Meditation
338
247. Harvey is deep in meditation. If an EEG recording were taken, Harvey’s brain wave pattern would
show the presence of:
a. alpha waves
b. theta waves with K-complexes
c. delta waves
d. irregular, high frequency brain waves
ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: applied REF: Meditation
248. During meditation, one typically repeats a particular string of words or:
a. echo
b. chi
c. mantra
d. rhythm
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: factual REF: Meditation
249. A mantra refers to:

a. An object that one uses during a session of hypnosis, which the participant is instructed to
focus on
b. A type of drug paraphernalia used particularly for illegal drugs
c. a particular string of words or sounds that one repeats during meditation
ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: factual REF: Meditation
TRUE/FALSE
1. Attention is the subjective awareness of internal and external events.
ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: Psychology for a Reason MSC: New
2. Consciousness is the subjective awareness of internal and external events.
ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: Psychology for a Reason MSC: New
3. When subjects who take part in a dichotic listening task are given a surprise test about
information in the unattended message at the end of the experiment, they usually
remember most of the key details because this information was processed subliminally
during the task.
ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: Experiments on Attention
4. Research into automaticity has found that the better someone is at performing a task, the
less likely that person is to attend consciously to the details.
ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: Processing Without Attention
339
5. Like many drugs used to reduce hyperactivity, Ritalin is a stimulant.
ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: Disorders of Attention MSC: New
6. People with visual neglect typically show a tendency to only notice things that appear
toward the left side of their body.
ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: Disorders of Attention
7. Animal research has determined that a particular area of the hindbrain, called the lateral
geniculate nucleus, may play a role in regulating the clock that controls circadian rhythms.
ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: Sleeping and Dreaming
8. During Stage N2 sleep, theta wave activity begins to be interrupted occasionally by short
bursts of activity called sleep spindles and sudden, sharp intermittent waveforms called K
complexes.
ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: The Characteristics of Sleep
9. Over the course of an average night, the amount of time spent in REM sleep steadily
decreases and the interval between successive REM states becomes longer and longer.
ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: The Characteristics of Sleep
10. Sleep deprivation disrupts the ability of animals to regulate internal functions, such as
temperature, and it can lead to a considerable loss of weight, despite an increased intake of
food.
ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: Sleep Deprivation
11. Some forms of severe depression appear to be helped by REM sleep deprivation, and
some effective antidepressant drugs suppress REM sleep as a side effect.
ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: The Function of REM and Dreaming
12. Birds and reptiles do not show evidence of REM sleep, which lends support to the
activation-synthesis hypothesis of dreaming.
ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: The Function of REM and Dreaming
13. Freud’s term “latent content” refers to the symbols and events experienced in a dram.
ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: The Function of REM and Dreaming

MSC: New
340
14. Individuals with narcolepsy experience sleep attacks that last from a few seconds to
several minutes, and the person directly enters a kind of REM-sleep state, without passing
through Stages 1–4 of the sleep cycle.
ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: The Function of REM and Dreaming
15. Night terrors cause a sleeper to awaken suddenly, in an extreme state of panic, during the
first or second REM period of a typical sleep cycle.
ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: Disorders of Sleep
16. Alcohol stimulates the release of dopamine, which acts as a natural reinforcer and, at low
doses, produces a general stimulatory effect.
ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: Categories of Psychoactive Drugs
17. Both amphetamines and cocaine produce their simulating effects by suppressing levels of
GABA and serotonin.
ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: Categories of Psychoactive Drugs
18. Mescaline and psilocybin are two naturally occurring substances that can distort
perception and produce hallucinations.
ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: Categories of Psychoactive Drugs
19. There is strong evidence to support the existence of hypnotic hypermnesia, the
enhancement of memory that occurs during hypnosis.
ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: Explaining Hypnosis

MSC: New
20. EEG recordings of brain activity during meditation reveal a significant increase in alpha
wave activity.
ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: Meditation
COMPLETION
1. Psychologists define ____________________ as the subjective awareness of internal and

external events.
ANS: consciousness
PTS: 1 REF: Psychology for a Reason
341
2. Psychologists define ____________________ as the internal processes that set priorities
for mental function.
ANS: attention
PTS: 1 REF: Setting Priorities for Mental Functioning
3. Researchers use the term ____________________ to refer to the fact that most people will
respond to another calling their name even if they have their attention focused on activities
occurring in a different part of the room.
ANS: cocktail party effect
PTS: 1 REF: Experiments on Attention
4. Psychologists use the term ____________________ to refer to fast and effortless

processing that requires little or no focused attention.
ANS: automaticity
PTS: 1 REF: Processing Without Attention
5. The term ____________________ refers to an attentional disorder that is associated with

a tendency to ignore things that appear toward the left side of the body.
ANS: visual neglect
PTS: 1 REF: Disorders of Attention
6. In low doses, ____________________ improves a person's ability to concentrate and

focus attention selectively.
ANS: Ritalin
7. Brain structures that schedule rhythmic variations in bodily functions by triggering them
at the appropriate time are called _____________________________.
ANS: biological clocks
PTS: 1 REF: Biological Rhythms MSC: New
342
8. In humans, ____________________ refer to activities that rise and fall along a 24-hour
cycle.
ANS: circadian rhythms
PTS: 1 REF: Biological Rhythms
9. The ____________________ waves are the high-amplitude, slow waves that are
associated with being in a relaxed, drowsy state.
ANS: alpha
PTS: 1 REF: The Characteristics of Sleep
10. The ____________________ waves are the low-amplitude, slightly irregular waves that
are associated with entering the first stage of sleep.
ANS: theta
11. The second stage of sleep is characterized by the occasional occurrence of

____________________, which are short bursts of brain activity.
ANS: sleep spindles
12. The second stage of sleep is characterized by ____________________, which are sudden,
sharp intermittent waveforms indicating that one's brain is still sensitive to events
occurring in the external world.
ANS: K complexes
13. In the third and fourth stages of sleep, ____________________ activity is observed in
which there are more synchronized slow-wave brain patterns.
ANS: delta
343
14. When one dreams, one is usually having ____________________ or REM sleep.
ANS: paradoxical
15. When one dreams, one is usually having paradoxical or ____________________ sleep.
ANS: REM
16. The ____________________ refers to the fact that one tends to spend more time dreaming
if one does not receive adequate sleep in previous days.
ANS: REM rebound
PTS: 1 REF: The Function of REM and Dreaming
17. The ____________________ hypothesis suggests dreaming is a consequence of random

activity in the brain.
ANS: activation-synthesis
18. The view of dreaming associated with ____________________ is that dreaming is a

psychological mechanism for wish fulfillment.
ANS: Freud
19. According to Freud, the actual symbols and events experienced in a dream form the
____________________ content.
ANS: manifest
PTS: 1 REF: The Function of REM and Dreaming MSC: New
20. According to Freud, the true psychological meaning of dream symbols forms the
____________________ content.
ANS: latent
344
21. The idea that dreams represent the brain’s attempt to make sense of the random patterns of
activity generated during sleep is known as the ____________________ hypothesis.
ANS: activation-synthesis
22. The general term ____________________ is used to refer to a sleep disorder.
ANS: dyssomnia
PTS: 1 REF: Disorders of Sleep
23. The term ____________________ refers to a sleep disorder in which a person has trouble
falling asleep or staying asleep.
ANS: insomnia
24. The term ____________________ refers to a sleep disorder in which a person is

excessively sleepy and often catnaps during the day.
ANS: hypersomnia
25. The term ____________________ refers to a sleep disorder in which a person stops
breathing during sleep and then suddenly jerks awake, gasping for breath.
ANS: sleep apnea
345
26. The rare sleep disorder characterized by sudden extreme sleepiness, causing a person to
lose all muscle tone and directly enter a kind of REM sleep state is
____________________.
ANS: narcolepsy
PTS: 1 REF: Disorders of Sleep MSC: New
27. The term ____________________ refers to a sleep disorder in which a person has
horrifying experiences that cause panic and sudden awakening from non-REM sleep.
ANS: night terrors
28. The general term ____________________ is used to refer to abnormal sleep disturbances,
such as nightmares, night terrors, and sleepwalking.
ANS: parasomnia
29. The term ____________________ refers to a sleep disorder in which a person rises and
wanders about during sleep.
ANS: sleepwalking
30. Drugs that affect behavior and mental processes through alteration of conscious awareness
are generally known as ____________________ drugs.
ANS: psychoactive
PTS: 1 REF: Drug Actions and Effects MSC: New
31. A person who is physically dependent on a drug will experience ____________________

when he or she stops taking the drug.
ANS: withdrawal
PTS: 1 REF: Drug Actions and Effects
346
32. The term ____________________ refers to what a drug user develops over time, which
results in more and more of the drug's being needed to produce the same effect.
ANS: tolerance
PTS: 1 REF: Drug Actions and Effects
33. The term ____________________ is used to refer to drugs that slow the ongoing activity
of the central nervous system.
ANS: depressants
PTS: 1 REF: Categories of Psychoactive Drugs
34. Drugs such as morphine and heroin that depress nervous system activity that result in
reduced anxiety and lower sensitivity to pain are known technically as
____________________.
ANS: opiates
narcotics
PTS: 1 REF: Categories of Psychoactive Drugs MSC: New
35. Caffeine, nicotine, and amphetamines are ____________________, which are drugs that
increase central nervous system activity.
ANS: stimulants
36. Drugs that alter one's perception of reality are called ____________________; such drugs
cause one to see fantastic colors, sounds, and tactile sensations.
ANS: hallucinogens
37. LSD is thought to mimic the action of the neurotransmitter ____________________.
ANS: serotonin
PTS: 1 REF: Categories of Psychoactive Drugs MSC: New
347
38. The term ____________________ is used to refer to a social interaction that produces a
heightened state of suggestibility of a willing participant.
ANS: hypnosis
PTS: 1 REF: Altering Awareness
39. The technique of self-induced manipulation of awareness, often used for the purpose of
relaxation and self-reflection is ____________________.
ANS: meditation
PTS: 1 REF: Altering Awareness MSC: New
40. Meditation sometimes involves concentrating on repeating a particular string of words or

sounds called a(n) ____________________ .
ANS: mantra
PTS: 1 REF: Altering Awareness MSC: New
ESSAY
1. How do psychologists define the term consciousness?
ANS:
Answer not provided.
PTS: 1 REF: Psychology for a Reason
2. Define how psychologists use the term attention, and explain how it is adaptive and why it
is selective.
ANS:
PTS: 1 REF: Setting Priorities for Mental Functioning

MSC: New
3. Describe a dichotic listening experiment and discuss what the results from these types of
experiments demonstrate about attention.
ANS:
PTS: 1 REF: Experiments on Attention
348
4. What is the cocktail party effect? What does it illustrate about the processes involved in
attention?
ANS:
PTS: 1 REF: Processing Without Attention
5. What is visual neglect? What does this disorder illustrate about the processes involved in
typical perception?
ANS:
6. Discuss the research evidence for why people should turn off their cell phones when
driving.
ANS:
PTS: 1 REF: Practical Solutions MSC: New
7. Explain what is meant by circadian rhythms. How are these rhythms set and adjusted?
ANS:
PTS: 1 REF: Sleeping and Dreaming
8. Outline the stages that occur during a typical sleep cycle and describe the changes in brain
wave activity that occur at each stage of the cycle.
ANS:
PTS: 1 REF: Stages of Sleep
349
9. Describe Freud’s view of why we dream, including the two types of content he said were
part of dreams. Why are modern psychologists reluctant to agree with Freud’s theory?
ANS:
PTS: 1 REF: The Function of REM Sleep and Dreaming

MSC: New
10. Describe the activation-synthesis hypothesis concerning why we dream, and how it
explains dreaming. What questions remain despite the intriguing nature of the hypothesis?
ANS:
PTS: 1 REF: The Function of REM Sleep and Dreaming

MSC: New
11. Describe the typical results observed in humans and other animals when they are deprived
of sleep for long periods of time.
ANS:
12. Describe three types of dyssomnia and note the characteristics that are associated with
each of these disorders.
ANS:
13. What is narcolepsy? What symptoms are experienced by a person with narcolepsy?
ANS:
350
14. Explain what is meant by drug tolerance.
ANS:
PTS: 1 REF: Altering Awareness
15. Outline the typical effects of depressant drugs. What are the biochemical effects that these
drugs typically produce?
ANS:
16. Outline the typical effects of stimulant drugs. What are the biochemical effects that these
ANS:
17. Outline the typical effects of opiate drugs. What are the biochemical effects that these
ANS:
18. Outline the typical effects of hallucinogens. Provide examples of drugs that are known to
be hallucinogens.
ANS:
19. Outline the effects of hypnosis that have been supported in scientific studies and those that
have failed to be supported.
ANS:
PTS: 1 REF: The Phenomenon of Hypnosis
351
20. Explain the two prominent theories that provide explanations of how hypnosis works,
along with one research study supporting each theory.
ANS:
PTS: 1 REF: Explaining Hypnosis MSC: New
352
Visit TestBankBell.com to get complete for all chapters

Test Bank For Psychology 6th Edition Nairne

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Test Bank For Psychology 6th Edition Nairne

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Test Bank for Psychology, 6th Edition : Nairne

Test Bank for Psychology, 6th Edition : Nairne

To download the complete and accurate content document, go to:

Visit TestBankBell.com to get complete for all chapters

1. Consciousness refers to:

3. The subjective awareness of internal and external events is referred to as:

4. The term consciousness refers to:

5. Attention refers to:

8. Attention can be said to occur when:

9. The term attention refers to:

13. The cocktail party effect illustrates:

18. The purpose of a dichotic listening task is to:

24. Automaticity involves:

26. It is possible to measure automaticity through a:

27. The purpose of a divided attention task is to measure:

36. Which of the following is least likely an automatic process?

44. Visual neglect is an attentional problem in which:

59. Which of the following has been used to treat ADHD?

60. Stimulants, such as Ritalin, are used to treat:

62. The term “zeitgeber” refers to:

63. Jet lag is especially likely if travelling:

64. A person is travelling from west to east. The person is:

65. A person is travelling from east to west. The person is:

67. An EEG monitors:

69. The height of an EEG waveform indicates its:

72. Regular high-amplitude waves of low frequency represent:

73. The EEG pattern of a person who is awake shows:

78. Theta waves are:

79. Theta waves typically occur during which stage of sleep?

84. Sleep spindles typically occur during which stage of sleep?

85. Sleep spindles are:

87. K-complexes are:

88. K-complexes typically occur during which stage of sleep?

93. Delta waves are:

102. REM stands for:

103. REM sleep is called paradoxical sleep because:

104. Paradoxical sleep is another term for

105. Dreaming seems to occur:

108. An average sleep cycle (from Stage N1 through REM):

109. During the first cycle of sleep:

110. As the night progresses:

120. Neural “pruning and sculpting” seems to be promoted by:

124. In humans, prolonged sleep deprivation:

128. REM-rebound refers to:

130. The Freudian theory of dreaming suggests that dreams are:

134. According to Freud, the manifest content of a dream:

135. According to Freud, the latent content of a dream:

150. Abnormal disturbances that occur during sleep are called:

155. Hypersomnia is a sleep disorder in which a person:

159. Which of the following is NOT one of the dyssomnias?

161. Narcolepsy refers to a sleep disorder in which a person:

162. Sleep apnea is a sleep disorder in which a person:

166. Nightmares are:

168. Night terrors are:

173. Both night terrors and sleepwalking occur:

175. Psychoactive drugs:

177. When a drug tolerance develops, an individual:

183. When one has a drug dependency, one has:

190. Amphetamines produce their effects by:

191. Cocaine produces its effects by:

192. Which of the following is an opiate?

195. LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) produces its effects by:

196. Depressants are drugs that: