292 Cunptn 6 Structures in Equilibrium

Determinin$ Farces an Members

af a Frame
The frame in Fig. 6.37 supports a suspended weight W
the forces on members ABCD andCEG.

T
6in
t
fI

6in
I
I
6in
_-r_

Figure 6.37 !,'"- l.-,*- f

$olution
Determine the Reactions at the Supports We draw the free-boc "

gram of the entire frame in Fig. a. From the equilibrium equations

>4: A'- D:0'

>4:Ar-40:0,
>M(pointa) : (18)D - (19)(40) : 0,

we obtain the reactions A, : 42'21b, A" : 40 lb, and D : 42'2lb'

Ilc
18 in

l^
I

+j A
(a) Free-body
diagram of the entire
frame. F- te in

Analyze the Members We obtain the free-body diagrams of the mer::

in Fig. b. Notice that BE is a two-force member. The angle a :
tan (6/8) : 36.9'.
 6.5 Frames and Machines 293

f. sin -f.-si,
C, lclzclG !

s
42.2Lb

0lb. De f-
6in
I
C,
___L
I L

@:
I

6in C, R
I'
J_
I
6in
_L A
42.2lb

# I

I
6in

nt---r- (b) Obtaining the free-body diagrams of

8in the members.

The free-body diagram of the pulley has only two unknown forces. From
equilibrium equations
2F,: G, - 40 : 0,
e free-body >4':Gr-40:0,
ions
in G, : 40 lb and G, : 4A lb. There are now only three unknown forces
free-body diagram of member CEG.Fromthe equilibrium equations

>F,:-C,-Rcosa-40:0,
>4':-Cy-Rsina-40:0,
2.2Lb. 2M6ointc): -(8)Rsina - (16)(40) : 0,
obtain C" : 66.1 lb, Cy :40 lb, and R : -133.3 lb, complering the
ion (Fig. c).

D^ 42.21b
40 lb

40 lb

42.2Lb
133.3 lb
36.90
-ffi
66.jtbc E G

of the me (c) Forces on members ABCD and CEG

angle a =
294 CHeprrn 6 Structures in Equilibrium

Free-Body Diagrams for Three Joined

Members
in Fig' 6'38'
Determine the forces on the members of the frame

-T--I

300 mm

.-I-I
I

300 mm

Figute 6.38

Strategly
Youcanconfi.rmthatnoinformationcanbeobtainedfromthefree-bodr
gram of the entire frame. Toanalyze the membersi*:-1"11*:t:*ff:
and three memben
Erting .ttutt"nge at joint D, where a load acts
of the members by firs
connected. We will obtain the free-body diagrams
lating member AD,thenseparating members BD
andCD'

Solution
WefirstisolatememberADfromtherestofthestructure'introducingtie
actions D" and O, (FiS. a). We then separate
melb-ers.{D and CA lnTr':
this step we could
ing equal and opposite forces E" andE, Fig: U)'In
the 300-N load and the forces D' and D, on either free-body diag
ffi""A

@ 11
tl
l*-ooo ---*|-+oo.rn

(a) Isolating member AD.

 6.5 Frames and Machines 295

three unknown forces act on member AD. From the equilibrium

B, j
>4:A+D*:g'
d >4': Dr-r2o:o'
>M@artol: -(0.3)A + (0.4)(120) : 0,
A : 160 N, D, : -160 N, and D, : 120 N. Now we consider the
1'diagram of member BD. From the equation I
>M(pointn): -(0.8)B) + (0.4)(180) : 0,
I
I
in Bn : 90 N. Now we use the equation fl

il

2F, : B, - D, t Ey - 180 : 90 - 720 + Ey- 180 : 0,

I
{
E, : 210 N. Now that we know {, there are only three unknown {
on the free-body diagram of member CD. From the equilibrium I
I
-x I

2F,: - E*: 0,
C* 300 mm

:
>4, C, - E, - 240 : cy - 2r0 - 240 : 0,
cx I

: (0.3)E - (0.8),E, - (0.4)(240)

>M(pointc)
f +oo ---f*aoo mm*]
(b) BD andCD.
: (0.3)u, - (0.8)(210) - (0.4)(240) : 0, Separating members

C, : 880 N, q : 450 N, and Ex: 880 N. Finally, we return to

diagram of member BD and use the equation

2F, : B, + E, - D, - 300 : B, + 880 + 160 - 300 : 0

B*: -740 N, completing the solution (Fig. c).

D 160 N

880 N I
I
for the forces on the members. .l

I
298 CnnprEn 6 Structures in Equilibrium

Analyzin$ a Machine
What forces are exerted on the bolt at E in Fis. 6.40 as a result of the
forces on the Pliers?

Figure 6.40

StrateSY
A pair of pliers is a simple example of a machine, a structure designed to
and exert lorces. The interconnections of the members are designed to cr
f'
mechanical advantage, subjecting an object to forces greater than the
exerted by the user.
In this case there is no information to be gained from the free-bodl
gram of the entire structure. We must determine the forces exerted on the
by drawing free-body diagrams of the members'

Solution
we .,disassemble" the pliers in Fig. a to obtain the free-body diagrams o:
(1) a-ru
members, labeled (I), (2), and (3). The force R on free-body diagrams
is exerted by the two-force member AB. The angle a : arctan (30/70) : :i
Our objective is to detennine the force E exefied by the bolt'
The free-body diagram of member (3) has only three unknown i'
and the 150-N load, so we can determine R, D,, and D) from this free-
diagram alone. The equilibrium equations are
>r':D,+Rcosa:0'
>4: Dr- Rsina * 150:0'
)4pointr) : 304 - (100)(150) : 0'
:
Solving these equations, we obtain D' : -1517 N, D, 50O N
R : 1650 N. Knowing D", we can determine E from the free-body dia
of member (2) by summing moments about C,
>M(pointc) : -308 - 30D' : 0'

The force exerted on the bolt by the pliers is E

: -D': 1517 N' The
chanical advantage of the pliers is (1517 N)/(150 N)
: 10'1'
 6.5 Frames and lviachines

ri'--F 100 mm
---l 30 Inm

crl
C
I
C

r&
D
j&., 30 mm
L
D
BD"t

rl
L roo mm
lr.-.[ (a) Obtaining the free-body diagrams of
the members.

signed to
Ined to c
that we did not need to use the free-body diasram of member (1) to
than the ic
E. When this happens, you can use the "leftover" free-body dia-
to check your work. Using our results for R and E, we can confirm that
liee-bodr
rted on the
ilm of the moments about point C of member (1) is zero:
>M(pointc) : (130)(150) - 100Rsina f 30E
: (130)(1s0) - (100)(16s0)sin23.2'+ (30)(1s17) :0.
liagrams or
rams (1) aac
0r0) :1:l
nknown Determine the reactions on member AB at A. (Notice that 6.71 (a) Determine the forces and couples on member AB for
L this free- satwo-force member.) cases (l)and (2).
200 N-m

= 500 N. 400 mm
:-body dia 200 N-m

17 N. The mm | m
300 300 mm
- -r00 mm f-t
I P6.70 P6.7L