Development Length

<Program Created by: Engr. Jeremy E. Caballes>

FOR HOOKS AND TENSION:

Units: SI SI coated INPUT HERE
1 English uncoated SI English
Protection: uncoated f'c =20.7 MPa 20.7 3000
2 fy =275 MPa 275 60000
Width, B = 1000 mm 1000 36
bar Ø = 36 mm 36 0.5
Req. As = 1000000 mm² 1000000 50
Concrete cover = 75 mm 75 3
Allowable Clear Spacing = 50 mm 50 2
Location from the bottom = 350 mm 350 14
Bar size of transverse reinforcements, dtr = 12 mm double shear 12 0.5
Number of transverse reinforcements, n = 15 2 single shear 15 15
Spacing of transverse reinforcements, s = 150 mm double shear 150 6
fyt =275 MPa triple shear 275 40000
Actual Development Length = 500 mm fourple shear 500 15
Remarks:
ld = 1,017.765 mm Not OK!
ldh = 673.125 mm Not OK!

FOR COMPRESSION:
Units: SI SI coated INPUT HERE
1 English uncoated SI English
f'c top = 20.7 MPa 20.7 3000
2 fy top = 275 MPa 275 40000
f'c bottom = 27.5 MPa 27.5 5000
fy bottom = 275 MPa 275 60000
bar Ø = 16 mm 16 0.625
Req. As = 1550 mm² 1550 50
Allowable Clear Spacing = 50 mm 50 2
Bar size of transverse reinforcements, dtr = 12 mm ### 12 0.5
Spacing of transverse reinforcements, s = 150 mm double shear 150 6
Actual Development Length = 500 mm fourple shear 500 15
Remarks:
ld = 443.906 mm OK!
 Development Length
<Program Created by: Engr. Jeremy E. Caballes>

Units: SI
1
f'c top = 20.7 MPa
### fy top = 275 MPa
f'c bottom = 27.5 mm
fy bottom = 275 mm
bar Ø = 16 mm²
Req. As = 1550 mm
Allowable Clear Spacing = 50 mm
Bar size of transverse reinforcements, dtr = 12 mm
Spacing of transverse reinforcements, s = 150 mm
Actual Development Length = 500 mm
Remarks:
Total ld = 443.906 mm OK!

Programmed by : Engr. Jeremy E. Caballes, 06 August 2007, Revised: 07 August 2007

Ab = 201.062 mm²
Req. As = 1,550.000 mm²
As 1,550.000
n= =
Ab 201.062
n = 1.927 say 8
Prov. As = nAb
= 1,608.495 mm²

Modification factors:
req As 1,550.000
= = = 0.9636334445
prov As 1,608.495
= 1.00

UP INTO COLUMN: DOWN INTO FOOTING:

√f'c = 4.550 MPa < 8 1/3 MPa √f'c = 5.244 MPa < 8 1/3 MPa
Use: √f'c = 4.550 MPa Use: √f'c = 5.244 MPa
1.00 dbfy 1.00 (16)(275) 1.00 dbfy 1.00 (16)(275)
ldb = = ldb = =
4 √f'c 4 (4.55) 4 √f'c 4 (4.55)
ldb = 241.773 mm > 0.04 dbfy = 176.000 mm ldb = 209.762 mm > 0.04 dbfy = 176.000 mm
Use: ldb = 241.773 mm ldb = 209.762 mm
ld = ldb x modification factors ld = ldb x modification factors
ld = 241.773 mm ld = 202.133 mm
min. ld = 200 mm min. ld = 200 mm
Use: ld = 241.773 mm Use: ld = 202.133 mm
 Development Length
<Program Created by: Engr. Jeremy E. Caballes>

Units: SI
1
Protection: Uncoated f'c = 20.7 MPa
### fy = 275 MPa
Width, B = 1000 mm
bar Ø = 36 mm
Req. As = 1000000 mm²
Concrete cover = 75 mm
Allowable Clear Spacing = 50 mm
Location from the bottom = 350 mm
Bar size of transverse reinforcements, dtr = 12 mm double shear
Number of transverse reinforcements, n = 15 2
Spacing of transverse reinforcements, s = 150 mm
fyt = 275 MPa
Actual Development Length = 500 mm
Remarks:
ld = 1,017.765 mm Not OK!
ldh = 673.125 mm Not OK!

Programmed by : Engr. Jeremy E. Caballes, 06 August 2007, Revised: 07 August 2007

TENSION:
√f'c = 4.550 MPa < 8 1/3 MPa
Use: √f'c = 4.550 MPa
Ab = 1,017.876 mm²
Req. As = 1,000,000.000 mm²
As 1,000,000.000
n= =
Ab 1,017.876
n= 982.438 say 983
Prov. As = nAb
= 1,000,572.127 mm²
B - db - 2cover
Soc =
n-1
Soc = 814.000 mm
Scl = Soc - db
Scl = 778.000 mm > 6db = 216 mm
c = side cover = 93.000 mm < 3db = 108 mm
c = 0.5Soc = 407.000 mm
use: c = 93.000 mm
Atr = 226.195 mm² double shear
Atrfyt 62203.5345411
Ktr = =
10sn 22500
= 2.765
c + Ktr 95.765
=
db 36.000
= 2.660 ≤ 2.5 Use: 2.500

α= 1.30
β= 1.00 for uncoated
αβ = 1.30 < 1.7
Use: αβ = 1.30
γ= 1.00 for ≥ 22 mm
λ= 1.00 Normal Weight Concrete

ld 9 fyαβγλ
=
db 10 √f'c(c+Ktr)/db
ld
= 28.287 diameters
 = 28.287 diameters
db
ld = 1,018.347 mm

req As
Mod. Factor =
prov As
Mod. Factor = 0.999
Allow Ld = Ld x Mod Factor
Allow Ld = 1,017.765 mm
Actual Ld = 500.000 mm Standard hook is required!

Programmed by : Engr. Jeremy E. Caballes, 06 August 2007, Revised: 07 August 2007

HOOKS:
100 db 100 (36)
lhb = =
√f'c 4.550
= 791.257 mm
Modification factors of hook bar:
fy 275
= = 0.654762
420 420
req As 1,000,000.000
= = 0.999428
prov As 1,000,572.127
Cover = 1.00 Neglected in this computation
Ties/stirrups = 1.00 Neglected in this computation
α = 1.30
β = 1.00
αβ = 1.30 < 1.7
Use: αβ = 1.30
γ = 1.00
λ = 1.00
ldh = 673.125 mm
min. ldh = 8db = 8(36) = 288 mm
min. ldh = 150 mm
Use: ldh = 673.125 mm
FOR TENSION
ld 9fyαβγλ 3fyαβγλ
= OR
db 10√f'c(c+Ktr)/db 40√f'c(c+Ktr)/db
α= Reinforcement location factor
= 1.30 Horizontal reinforcement so placed that more than 12 in of fresh concrete is cast in the member below the developtment length or splice
= 1.00 Other reinforcement
β= Coating factor
= 1.50 Epoxy-coated bars or wires with cover less than 3db or clear spacing less than 6db
= 1.20 All other epoxy-coated bars or wires
= 1.00 Uncoated reinforcement
αβ ≤ 1.7

γ= Reinforcement size factor

= 0.80 No. 6 (19 mm Ø) and smaller bars and deformed wires
= 1.00 No. 7 (22 mm Ø) and larger bars
λ= Lightweight aggregate concrete factor
= 1.30 When lightweight aggregate concrete is used
= 1.00 When normal aggregate concrete is used
6.7√f'c √f'c
= OR if fct is specified but not less than 1.0
fct 1.8fct
c = lesser value between spacing or cover dimension
= ½SOC = ½ of center-to-center spacing between bars or wires
= CS = Side cover (edge distance of the bar or wire to the concrete surface)

Ktr = Transverse reinforcement index

Atrfyt Atrfyt
= OR
1500sn 10sn
Atr = Total cross-sectional area of all transverse reinforcement
fyr = Yield strength of transverse reinforcement
s = Center-to-center spacing of transverse reinforcement
n = Number of bars or wires being developed along the plane of splitting
c + Ktr
≤ 2.5
db
Modification Factors
required As
= for excess reinforcement
provided As

FOR COMPRESSION
0.02dbfy dbfy
ldb = ≥ 0.0003dbfy OR ≥ 0.04dbfy
√f'c 4√f'c
ld = ldb x Modification factors ≥ 8.0 in
Modification Factors
= 0.75 Size of spiral reinforcements ≥ ¼-in Ø (6-mm Ø) and pitch ≤ 4 in (100 mm)
or size of tie reinforcements ≥ ¼-in Ø (6-mm Ø) and S oc ≤ 4 in (100 mm)
required As
= for excess reinforcement
provided As
FOR HOOKS
1200 db 100 db
lhb = OR for: fy = 60000 psi (420 MPa)
√f'c √f'c
ldh = lhb x Modification factors ≥ (8db or 6.0 in)
ldh ≥ 8db or 6.0 in
Modification factors of hook bar:
fy fy
= OR Bar yield strength: fy not 60000 psi (420 MPa)
60000 420
required As
= Excess reinforcement
provided As
= 0.70 Cover: when hooks made with #11 (36-mm Ø) or smaller bars and have side cover values normal to the plane of the hooks
no less than 2½ in (65 mm) and where the bar extensions beyond 90º hooks are not less than 2 in (50 mm).
= 0.80 Ties or stirrups: When hooks are made of #11 (36-mm Ø) or smaller bars are enclosed vertically and horizontally within ties
or stirrup ties along their full development length l dh and the bars are spaced no farther apart than 3db (where db is
the diameter of the hooked bar)
α= Reinforcement location factor (see tension notes)
β= Coating factor (see tension notes)
αβ ≤ 1.7
γ= Reinforcement size factor (see tension notes)
λ= Lightweight aggregate concrete factor (see tension notes)

OTHERS
√f'c ≤ 100 psi or 25/3 MPa

SIMPLIFIED DEVELOPMENT LENGTHS EQUATIONS

db ≤ # 6 (19-mm Ø) db ≥ # 7 (22-mm Ø)

SCL ≥ db
clear cover ≥ db
Ties and stirrups size ≥ code minimum

OR ld fyαβγλ ld fyαβγλ
= =
db 25√f'c db 20√f'c
SCL ≥ 2db
clear cover ≥ db
splice ≥ 2db
ld 3fyαβγλ ld 3fyαβγλ
Other cases = =
db 50√f'c db 40√f'c